tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25576758404354277102024-02-19T11:00:58.236-06:00Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in TexasSurveillance of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD in TexasTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-23631844638483173442022-05-24T14:50:00.003-05:002022-05-24T14:57:44.569-05:00Texas Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update Singeltary FOIA Request Received May 23, 2022<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgckfvZCUCx-1s26N7XU-M1ZNXDmbrheQEeZ7W3x-bnxeq1FA79AuIkXnZHSZjQoLd4M_Apq1C0eH1qj16orJuqeNdxlFKASa3kuRMzO3jJQ0XAy-Z-REU_ydsj98yL-BFy8z_4p0QQDfL108wOG3GD34YXWEZX1e5lE24hXNPc0p3A2eHX4CvFXv_R" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="960" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgckfvZCUCx-1s26N7XU-M1ZNXDmbrheQEeZ7W3x-bnxeq1FA79AuIkXnZHSZjQoLd4M_Apq1C0eH1qj16orJuqeNdxlFKASa3kuRMzO3jJQ0XAy-Z-REU_ydsj98yL-BFy8z_4p0QQDfL108wOG3GD34YXWEZX1e5lE24hXNPc0p3A2eHX4CvFXv_R" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Texas Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update Singeltary FOIA Request Received May 23, 2022</span></p><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Tue, May 24, 2022 11:06 am</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><div><br /></div><div>DSHS EAIDU.DataRequests EAIDU.DataRequests@dshs.texas.govHide</div><div><br /></div><div>To Terry Singeltary flounder9@verizon.net</div><div><br /></div><div>Cc DSHS EAIDU.DataRequests EAIDU.DataRequests@dshs.texas.gov</div><div><br /></div><div>Hello Mr. Singletary,</div><div><br /></div><div>Thank you for your inquiry. The CJD data you requested through 2020 is available below. This data will also be available on the Texas Department of State Health Services CJD data website in the next few days. </div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Texas Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Case Counts by Classification, Transmission Type, Disease Type </span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">and Year (2011-2020)<div><br /></div><div>Classification Transmission Type Disease Type 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total Counts</div><div><br /></div><div>Confirmed Acquired vCJD 1 1</div><div><br /></div><div>Confirmed Familial fCJD 3 1 2 4 1 11</div><div><br /></div><div>Confirmed Familial FFI 1 1 </div><div><br /></div><div>Confirmed Sporadic sCJD 12 10 10 11 14 18 15 21 24 13 148</div><div><br /></div><div>Confirmed Sporadic sFI 1 1 2</div><div><br /></div><div>Confirmed Sporadic VPSPr 1 1 1 3</div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Probable Familial fCJD 1 1 1 1 1 5</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Probable Sporadic CJD 5 10 4 10 4 <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">14 8 11 17 26 109</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Possible Sporadic sCJD 1 1 2</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Total Counts 18 22 14 27 20 33 25 36 46 41 282</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">vCJD: variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; fCJD: Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; FFI: Fatal Familial Insomnia; sCJD: </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; sFI: sporadic Fatal Insomnia; VPSPr: variably protease-sensitive prionopathy</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx</a><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Unfortunately, the 2021 CJD data cannot be released at this time, as 2021 data is provisional and still undergoing the verification process and will then be certified by the state epidemiologist. After this process is complete, the CJD website will be updated with the 2021 data.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Thank you again, </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">EAIDU Data Request Mailbox</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Emerging and Acute Infectious Disease Unit</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Texas Department of State Health Services</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">EAIDU.DataRequests@dshs.texas.gov </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">END</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><b style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">From:</b><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> Terry Singeltary <</span><a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">flounder9@verizon.net</a><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">></span><br clear="none" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" /><b style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Sent:</b><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> Tuesday, May 10, 2022 2:12 PM</span><br clear="none" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" /><b style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">To:</b><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> DSHS EAIDU.DataRequests <</span><a href="mailto:EAIDU.DataRequests@dshs.texas.gov" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">EAIDU.DataRequests@dshs.texas.gov</a><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">></span><br clear="none" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" /><b style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Cc:</b><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> DSHS hivstd <</span><a href="mailto:hivstd@dshs.texas.gov" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">hivstd@dshs.texas.gov</a><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">></span><br clear="none" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" /><b style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Subject:</b><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion disease DATA UPDATE REQUEST</span><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion disease DATA UPDATE REQUEST</span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">I have been trying to get the latest stats on creutzfeldt jakob disease in Texas for over a year, and it's always, something like; 'we hope to update the CJD data base soon'. </span></p><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> the last time i requested cjd stats was; </span></p><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">MONDAY, JUNE 14, 2021 Texas Health and Human Services The Department of State Health Services Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion Report 2021? </span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">still waiting?</span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">with great urgency, i request this information, especially since cwd tse prp seems to be heading for a zoonosis zoonotic call soon...</span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">Thank You!</span></p><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">kind regards, terry</span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">SUNDAY, MAY 08, 2022 </span><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">USA National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Surveillance Update April 11th, 2022</span><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcreutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com%2F2022%2F05%2Fusa-national-prion-disease-pathology.html&data=05%7C01%7CEAIDU.DataRequests%40dshs.texas.gov%7C8d1b1eb962fe45ca607808da32b9098c%7C9bf9773282b9499bb16aa93e8ebd536b%7C0%7C0%7C637878068143084662%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Gp3KzgMSqyR2vhlpIhNZcEnoez3MbHn1v%2BR7l%2B0h3h0%3D&reserved=0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/usa-national-prion-disease-pathology.html</a></span><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p></div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, APRIL 05, 2022 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">Incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the United States 1993-2014</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcreutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com%2F2022%2F04%2Fincidence-of-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease_5.html&data=05%7C01%7CEAIDU.DataRequests%40dshs.texas.gov%7C8d1b1eb962fe45ca607808da32b9098c%7C9bf9773282b9499bb16aa93e8ebd536b%7C0%7C0%7C637878068143084662%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=LzLvBNEURgIOrgN328GpL3k8vJqDRe3nT%2FS9%2Bxzk%2BGI%3D&reserved=0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/04/incidence-of-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease_5.html</a></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">MONDAY, JUNE 14, 2021</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Texas Health and Human Services The Department of State Health Services Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion Report 2021?</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Texas last CJD update was 2018...</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Texas Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Case Counts by Type of Disease and Year (2009-2018) </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Classification Transmission </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Type Disease Type </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Total Counts Confirmed Acquired vCJD 1 1 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Familial fCJD 2 2 3 1 2 10 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">FFI 2 2 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Sporadic sCJD 10 16 12 10 10 11 14 18 15 21 137 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">sFI 1 1 2 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">VPSPr 1 1 1 3 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Probable Familial fCJD 1 1 1 1 4 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Sporadic sCJD 6 8 5 10 4 10 4 14 8 11 80 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Possible Sporadic sCJD 2 1 1 4 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Total Counts 20 28 18 22 14 27 20 33 25 36 243 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">vCJD: variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; fCJD: familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; FFI: Fatal Familial Insomnia; sCJD: sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; sFI: sporadic Fatal Insomnia; VPSP: variably protease-sensitive prionopathy</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx</a><br /></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT;</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">MONDAY, JUNE 14, 2021 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">Texas Health and Human Services The Department of State Health Services Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion Report 2021?</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcjdtexas.blogspot.com%2F2021%2F06%2Ftexas-health-and-human-services.html&data=05%7C01%7CEAIDU.DataRequests%40dshs.texas.gov%7C8d1b1eb962fe45ca607808da32b9098c%7C9bf9773282b9499bb16aa93e8ebd536b%7C0%7C0%7C637878068143084662%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=87IAGaAm0Y49razhCiFyU%2BlLyBeQAJUDL9P7DuhErf8%3D&reserved=0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2021/06/texas-health-and-human-services.html</a></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">TUESDAY, MAY 10, 2022 <br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Concordance of CSF RT-QuIC across the European Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease surveillance network<br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/concordance-of-csf-rt-quic-across.html" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/concordance-of-csf-rt-quic-across.html</a></div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">FRIDAY, DECEMBER 24, 2021 </span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update December 25, 2021</span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2021/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse-prion.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2021/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse-prion.html</a></p><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></p><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">Saturday, April 9, 2022 </span></p></div><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">EFSA EU Request for a scientific opinion on the monitoring of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) EFSA-Q-2022-00114 M-2022-00040 Singeltary Submission </span></p></div><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fefsaopinioncwd.blogspot.com%2F2022%2F04%2Fefsa-eu-request-for-scientific-opinion.html&data=05%7C01%7CEAIDU.DataRequests%40dshs.texas.gov%7C8d1b1eb962fe45ca607808da32b9098c%7C9bf9773282b9499bb16aa93e8ebd536b%7C0%7C0%7C637878068143084662%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=GO7rLCdHlXY1QNdNU5skJec%2BLSdYEMyvsOJqduGF8vw%3D&reserved=0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://efsaopinioncwd.blogspot.com/2022/04/efsa-eu-request-for-scientific-opinion.html</a></span></p></div><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"></div></div><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, MARCH 29, 2022 </span></p></div><div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">OIE Agent causing chronic wasting disease (CWD) TSE Prion of Cervid</span></p></div><div><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"><a fg_scanned="1" href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fanimalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com%2F2022%2F03%2Foie-agent-causing-chronic-wasting.html&data=05%7C01%7CEAIDU.DataRequests%40dshs.texas.gov%7C8d1b1eb962fe45ca607808da32b9098c%7C9bf9773282b9499bb16aa93e8ebd536b%7C0%7C0%7C637878068143084662%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=j3tNvrVgWqoqgRK2iWxJbS794VQ%2Fiyy5OwA5RaFA908%3D&reserved=0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2022/03/oie-agent-causing-chronic-wasting.html</a></span></p></div></div><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div id="yiv7701852769ctl00_MainContent_SubmissionPreview1_divTitle" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><p class="yiv7701852769MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span face="sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;">Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-27903859047045879962021-06-14T12:40:00.005-05:002021-06-14T15:08:15.297-05:00Texas Health and Human Services The Department of State Health Services Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion Report 2021?<p><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Texas Health and Human Services The Department of State Health Services Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease TSE Prion Report 2021?</span></p><div><div>Texas last CJD update was 2018...</div></div><div><br /><div>Texas Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Case Counts by Type of Disease and Year (2009-2018) </div><div><br /></div><div>Classification Transmission </div><div><br /></div><div>Type Disease Type </div><div><br /></div><div>2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 </div><div><br /></div><div>Total Counts Confirmed Acquired vCJD 1 1 </div><div><br /></div><div>Familial fCJD 2 2 3 1 2 10 </div><div><br /></div><div>FFI 2 2 </div><div><br /></div><div>Sporadic sCJD 10 16 12 10 10 11 14 18 15 21 137 </div><div><br /></div><div>sFI 1 1 2 </div><div><br /></div><div>VPSPr 1 1 1 3 </div><div><br /></div><div>Probable Familial fCJD 1 1 1 1 4 </div><div><br /></div><div>Sporadic sCJD 6 8 5 10 4 10 4 14 8 11 80 </div><div><br /></div><div>Possible Sporadic sCJD 2 1 1 4 </div><div><br /></div><div>Total Counts 20 28 18 22 14 27 20 33 25 36 243 </div><div><br /></div><div>vCJD: variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; fCJD: familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; FFI: Fatal Familial Insomnia; sCJD: sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; sFI: sporadic Fatal Insomnia; VPSP: variably protease-sensitive prionopathy</div></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Texas Health and Human Services <span style="font-size: 10pt;">The Department of State Health Services</span></div><div><br /></div><div>Chronic Wasting Disease</div><div><br /></div><div>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) mainly affects deer and elk. It is probably not a zoonotic disease. In other words, it does not appear to be passed from animals to people. However it is of interest because of its association with other diseases, such as mad cow disease.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/Chronic-Wasting-Disease.aspx" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/Chronic-Wasting-Disease.aspx</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Texas Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease.aspx" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease.aspx</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://dshs.texas.gov/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/Data.aspx</a></div></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">THURSDAY, JULY 13, 2017 </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">TEXAS CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE CJD TSE PRION </span><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2017/07/texas-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2017/07/texas-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse.html</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">HUMAN MAD COW DISEASE nvCJD TEXAS CASE NOT LINKED TO EUROPEAN TRAVEL CDC </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Sunday, November 23, 2014 </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">*** Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas in June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European the patient had resided in Kuwait, Russia and Lebanon. The completed investigation did not support the patient's having had extended travel to European countries, including the United Kingdom, or travel to Saudi Arabia. The specific overseas country where this patient’s infection occurred is less clear largely because the investigation did not definitely link him to a country where other known vCJD cases likely had been infected. </span><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="https://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2014/06/texas-mad-cow-cover-up-human-bse-again.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2014/06/texas-mad-cow-cover-up-human-bse-again.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div>SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2013</div><div><br /></div><div>Prion Disease Cases in Texas by Year, 2003-2012</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2013/10/prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by-year_13.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2013/10/prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by-year_13.html</a></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">TUESDAY, JUNE 1, 2010</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">USA cases of dpCJD rising with 24 cases so far in 2010</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html</a><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">MONDAY, MARCH 29, 2010</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">URGENT, PLEASE NOTE ;</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<<</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">She left 6 Kids and a Husband. The Purpose of this web is to give information in Spanish to the Hispanic community, and to all the community who want's information about this terrible disease.- Physician Discharge Summary, Parkland Hospital, Dallas Texas Admit Date: 12/29/2009 Discharge Date: 1/20/2010 Attending Provider: Greenberg, Benjamin Morris; General Neurology Team: General Neurology Team Linda was a Hispanic female with no past medical history presents with 14 months of increasing/progressive altered mental status, generalized weakness, inability to walk, loss of appetite, inability to speak, tremor and bowel/bladder incontinence. She was, in her usual state of health up until February, 2009, when her husband notes that she began forgetting things like names and short term memories. He also noticed mild/vague personality changes such as increased aggression. In March, she was involved in a hit and run MVA, although she was not injured. The police tracked her down and ticketed her. At that time, her son deployed to Iraq with the Army and her husband assumed her mentation changes were due to stress over these two events. Also in March, she began to have weakness in her legs, making it difficult to walk. Over the next few months, her mentation and personality changes worsened, getting to a point where she could no longer recognized her children. She was eating less and less. She was losing more weight. In the last 2-3 months, she reached the point where she could not walk without an assist, then 1 month ago, she stopped talking, only making grunting/aggressive sounds when anyone came near her. She also became both bowel and bladder incontinent, having to wear diapers. Her '"tremor'" and body jerks worsened and her hands assumed a sort of permanent grip position, leading her family to put tennis balls in her hands to protect her fingers. The husband says that they have lived in Nebraska for the past 21 years. They had seen a doctor there during the summer time who prescribed her Seroquel and Lexapro, Thinking these were sx of a mood disorder. However, the medications did not help and she continued to deteriorate clinically. Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. The husband says that he does not know any fellow workers with a similar illness. He also says that she did not have any preceeding illness or travel.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html</a><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2009 </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008 </span><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">SUNDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2007</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas 2000-2006</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">We report a case of a 33-year-old female who died of a prion disease for whom the diagnosis of sFI or FFI was not considered clinically. Following death of this patient, an interview with a close family member indicated the patient's illness included a major change in her sleep pattern, corroborating the reported autopsy diagnosis of sFI.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/cjd-tse-prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/cjd-tse-prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by.html</a><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">sporadic FFI or nvCJD Texas style ???</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html</a><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html</a><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">Sunday, July 11, 2010</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">CJD or prion disease 2 CASES McLennan County Texas population 230,213 both cases in their 40s</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html</a></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Northeast Texas,</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">J.A. Rawlings,*1 K.A. Hendricks1, O.M. Nuno1, D.A. Brown1, D.A. Evans2, Texas Department of Health, 1Austin and 2Tyler, Texas</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is caused by prions composed of proteinaceous material devoid of nucleic acid. CJD occurs sporadically (generally 1 case/1,000,000 population per year) in older patients (average age of 65) and is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, accompanied by severe muscle spasms and incoordination. Death usually occurs within 3 to 12 months (average 7 months). CJD activity in Texas, which has a population of nearly 19 million, appeared to be typical. The statewide death rate for 1995 and 1996 was just under 1/1,000,000. In April of 1997, the Texas Department of Health became aware of an increased number of possible CJD cases in a 23-county area of NE Texas with a population of just over one million. After review of medical and pathology records, four patients were identified with definite classic CJD and three were identified with probable CJD. Dates of death for the eight patients were from April, 1996 through mid-July 1997. The patients were from 46 through 65 years of age; four were male and three were female. A case-control study to identify risks for CJD in NE Texas has been initiated.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm</a></span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><div>***> <span style="font-size: 10pt;">Chronic wasting disease (CWD) mainly affects deer and elk. It is probably not a zoonotic disease. In other words, it does not appear to be passed from animals to people.</span><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>so sad, in fact, it probably is zoonotic and already has transmitted to humans as sporadic cjd, if one just looks at the science...terry</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387preview-section-references" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="yiv5379999387paginatedReferences" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv5379999387yqt0368571074" id="yiv5379999387yqt20793"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="font-stretch: normal; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387yqtfd14965" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">***> 2021 CWD TSE PRION ZOONOSIS ZOONOTIC UPDATE <***</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, MAY 11, 2021 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">A Unique Presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient Consuming Deer Antler Velvet</div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small;"><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Conclusion</span></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">We believe that our patient’s case of CJD is highly suspicious for cervid etiology given the circumstances of the case as well as the strong evidence of plausibility reported in published literature. This is the first known case of CJD in a patient who had consumed deer antler velvet. Despite the confirmed diagnosis of CJD, a causal relationship between the patient’s disease and his consumption of deer antler velvet cannot be definitively concluded.</span></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Supplemental data including molecular tissue sample analysis and autopsy findings could yield further supporting evidence. Given this patient’s clinical resemblance to CBD and the known histological similarities of CBD with CJD, clinicians should consider both diseases in the differential diagnosis of patients with a similarly esoteric presentation. Regardless of the origin of this patient’s disease, it is clear that the potential for prion transmission from cervids to humans should be further investigated by the academic community with considerable urgency. </span><a href="https://thescipub.com/pdf/ajidsp.2021.43.48.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt;" target="_blank">https://thescipub.com/pdf/ajidsp.2021.43.48.pdf</a></div></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">please see recent data from Professor Kong on cwd zoonosis, IN CONFIDENCE, below, after your report here;...snip...end...tss</span></div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;">CONFIDENTIAL</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;">IN CONFIDENCE</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;"><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;">i figure your as about as official as it gets, and i think this science is extremely important for you to know and to converse about with your officials. it's about to burn a whole in my pocket. this is about as close as it will ever get for cwd zoonosis to be proven in my time, this and what Canada Czub et al found with the Macaques, plus an old study from cjd surveillance unit back that showed cjd and a 9% increase in risk from folks that eat venison, i will post all this below for your files Sir. i remember back in the BSE nvCJD days, from when the first BSE case in bovine was confirmed around 1984 maybe 83, i forget the good vets named that screwed it up first, Carol something... CAROL RICHARDSON, but from 83ish to 95 96 when nvCJD was linked to humans from BSE in cattle, so that took 10 to 15 years. hell, at that rate, especially with Texas and cwd zoonsis, hell, i'll be dead before it's official, if ever, so here ya go Sir. there was a grant study on cwd zoonosis that had been going on for some time, i followed it over the years, then the grant date for said study had expired, so, i thought i would write the good Professor about said study i.e. Professor Kong, CWRU et al. i will post the grant study abstract first, and then after that, what reply i got back, about said study that i was told not to post/publish, has not been peer reviewed yet...</span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br clear="none" /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">i was told;</div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">''At this point, please do not post any of the points publicly yet, but you can refer to points 1-3 in private discussions and all 5 points when discussing with relevant public officials to highlight the long-term risks of CWD zoonosis.'' <span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br clear="none" /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br clear="none" /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;">CWD ZOONOSIS GRANT FIRST;</span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br clear="none" /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;">===============</span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br clear="none" /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"></span></span><div>Cervid to human prion transmission</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Kong, Qingzhong </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div> Abstract Prion disease is transmissible and invariably fatal. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the prion disease affecting deer, elk and moose, and it is a widespread and expanding epidemic affecting 22 US States and 2 Canadian provinces so far. CWD poses the most serious zoonotic prion transmission risks in North America because of huge venison consumption (>6 million deer/elk hunted and consumed annually in the USA alone), significant prion infectivity in muscles and other tissues/fluids from CWD-affected cervids, and usually high levels of individual exposure to CWD resulting from consumption of the affected animal among often just family and friends. However, we still do not know whether CWD prions can infect humans in the brain or peripheral tissues or whether clinical/asymptomatic CWD zoonosis has already occurred, and we have no essays to reliably detect CWD infection in humans. We hypothesize that: (1) The classic CWD prion strain can infect humans at low levels in the brain and peripheral lymphoid tissues; (2) The cervid-to-human transmission barrier is dependent on the cervid prion strain and influenced by the host (human) prion protein (PrP) primary sequence; (3) Reliable essays can be established to detect CWD infection in humans; and (4) CWD transmission to humans has already occurred. We will test these hypotheses in 4 Aims using transgenic (Tg) mouse models and complementary in vitro approaches. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Aim 1 will prove that the classical CWD strain may infect humans in brain or peripheral lymphoid tissues at low levels by conducting systemic bioassays in a set of humanized Tg mouse lines expressing common human PrP variants using a number of CWD isolates at varying doses and routes. Experimental human CWD samples will also be generated for Aim 3. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that the cervid-to-human prion transmission barrier is dependent on prion strain and influenced by the host (human) PrP sequence by examining and comparing the transmission efficiency and phenotypes of several atypical/unusual CWD isolates/strains as well as a few prion strains from other species that have adapted to cervid PrP sequence, utilizing the same panel of humanized Tg mouse lines as in Aim 1. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Aim 3 will establish reliable essays for detection and surveillance of CWD infection in humans by examining in details the clinical, pathological, biochemical and in vitro seeding properties of existing and future experimental human CWD samples generated from Aims 1-2 and compare them with those of common sporadic human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) prions. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Aim 4 will attempt to detect clinical CWD-affected human cases by examining a significant number of brain samples from prion-affected human subjects in the USA and Canada who have consumed venison from CWD-endemic areas utilizing the criteria and essays established in Aim 3. The findings from this proposal will greatly advance our understandings on the potential and characteristics of cervid prion transmission in humans, establish reliable essays for CWD zoonosis and potentially discover the first case(s) of CWD infection in humans.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Public Health Relevance There are significant and increasing human exposure to cervid prions because chronic wasting disease (CWD, a widespread and highly infectious prion disease among deer and elk in North America) continues spreading and consumption of venison remains popular, but our understanding on cervid-to-human prion transmission is still very limited, raising public health concerns. This proposal aims to define the zoonotic risks of cervid prions and set up and apply essays to detect CWD zoonosis using mouse models and in vitro methods. The findings will greatly expand our knowledge on the potentials and characteristics of cervid prion transmission in humans, establish reliable essays for such infections and may discover the first case(s) of CWD infection in humans.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div> Funding Agency Agency National Institute of Health (NIH) Institute National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Type Research Project (R01) Project # 1R01NS088604-01A1 Application # 9037884 Study Section Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neurodegeneration Study Section (CMND) Program Officer Wong, May Project Start 2015-09-30 Project End 2019-07-31 Budget Start 2015-09-30 Budget End 2016-07-31 Support Year 1 Fiscal Year 2015 Total Cost $337,507 Indirect Cost $118,756</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>snip... </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS088604-01A1#panel-abstract" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: #0563c1; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS088604-01A1#panel-abstract</a><br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Professor Kongs reply to me just this month about above grant study that has NOT been published in peer review yet...</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>=====IN CONFIDENCE=====</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>snip...tss</div><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"></div></div></div><br clear="none" /></div><br clear="none" /></div><div class="yiv5379999387yqt0436007372" id="yiv5379999387yqt66981"><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_quote"><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr">On Sat, Apr 3, 2021 at 12:19 PM Terry Singeltary <<a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net">flounder9@verizon.net</a>> wrote:</div><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr"><br clear="none" /></div><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr">snip...</div><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr"><br clear="none" /></div><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr">end...tss</div><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr"><br clear="none" /></div><div class="yiv5379999387gmail_attr" dir="ltr">==============END TSS============</div></div></div></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div></div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">CWD ZOONOSIS ZOONOTIC THE FULL MONTY TO DATE</div><div style="background-color: #f7f4ee;"><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">International Conference on Emerging Diseases, Outbreaks & Case Studies & 16th Annual Meeting on Influenza March 28-29, 2018 | Orlando, USA</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Qingzhong Kong</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease prions from cervids</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the prion disease in cervids (mule deer, white-tailed deer, American elk, moose, and reindeer). It has become an epidemic in North America, and it has been detected in the Europe (Norway) since 2016. The widespread CWD and popular hunting and consumption of cervid meat and other products raise serious public health concerns, but questions remain on human susceptibility to CWD prions, especially on the potential difference in zoonotic potential among the various CWD prion strains. We have been working to address this critical question for well over a decade. We used CWD samples from various cervid species to inoculate transgenic mice expressing human or elk prion protein (PrP). We found infectious prions in the spleen or brain in a small fraction of CWD-inoculated transgenic mice expressing human PrP, indicating that humans are not completely resistant to CWD prions; this finding has significant ramifications on the public health impact of CWD prions. The influence of cervid PrP polymorphisms, the prion strain dependence of CWD-to-human transmission barrier, and the characterization of experimental human CWD prions will be discussed.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Speaker Biography Qingzhong Kong has completed his PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Post-doctoral studies at Yale University. He is currently an Associate Professor of Pathology, Neurology and Regenerative Medicine. He has published over 50 original research papers in reputable journals (including Science Translational Medicine, JCI, PNAS and Cell Reports) and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member on seven scientific journals. He has multiple research interests, including public health risks of animal prions (CWD of cervids and atypical BSE of cattle), animal modeling of human prion diseases, mechanisms of prion replication and pathogenesis, etiology of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans, normal cellular PrP in the biology and pathology of multiple brain and peripheral diseases, proteins responsible for the α-cleavage of cellular PrP, as well as gene therapy and DNA vaccination.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="mailto:qxk2@case.edu" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:qxk2@case.edu">qxk2@case.edu</a> </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/conference-abstracts-files/zoonotic-potential-of-chronic-wasting-disease-prions-from.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.alliedacademies.org/conference-abstracts-files/zoonotic-potential-of-chronic-wasting-disease-prions-from.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://prionconference.blogspot.com/2018/02/prion-round-table-conference-2018-may.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://prionconference.blogspot.com/2018/02/prion-round-table-conference-2018-may.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://prionconference.blogspot.com/2018/02/prion-round-table-conference-2018-may.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://prionconference.blogspot.com/2018/02/prion-round-table-conference-2018-may.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://prionconference.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://prionconference.blogspot.com/</a></div></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Prion Conference 2018 Abstracts</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">BSE aka MAD COW DISEASE, was first discovered in 1984, and it took until 1995 to finally admit that BSE was causing nvCJD, the rest there is history, but that science is still evolving i.e. science now shows that indeed atypical L-type BSE, atypical Nor-98 Scrapie, and typical Scrapie are all zoonosis, zoonotic for humans, there from. </div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">HOW long are we going to wait for Chronic Wasting Disease, CWD TSE Prion of Cervid, and zoonosis, zoonotic tranmission to humans there from?</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Studies have shown since 1994 that humans are susceptible to CWD TSE Prion, so, what's the hold up with making CWD a zoonotic zoonosis disease, the iatrogenic transmissions there from is not waiting for someone to make a decision.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Prion Conference 2018 Abstracts</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">P190 Human prion disease mortality rates by occurrence of chronic wasting disease in freeranging cervids, United States</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Abrams JY (1), Maddox RA (1), Schonberger LB (1), Person MK (1), Appleby BS (2), Belay ED (1)</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">(1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA (2) Case Western Reserve University, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), Cleveland, OH, USA.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Background</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of deer and elk that has been identified in freeranging cervids in 23 US states. While there is currently no epidemiological evidence for zoonotic transmission through the consumption of contaminated venison, studies suggest the CWD agent can cross the species barrier in experimental models designed to closely mimic humans. We compared rates of human prion disease in states with and without CWD to examine the possibility of undetermined zoonotic transmission.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Methods</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Death records from the National Center for Health Statistics, case records from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, and additional state case reports were combined to create a database of human prion disease cases from 2003-2015. Identification of CWD in each state was determined through reports of positive CWD tests by state wildlife agencies. Age- and race-adjusted mortality rates for human prion disease, excluding cases with known etiology, were determined for four categories of states based on CWD occurrence: highly endemic (>16 counties with CWD identified in free-ranging cervids); moderately endemic (3-10 counties with CWD); low endemic (1-2 counties with CWD); and no CWD states. States were counted as having no CWD until the year CWD was first identified. Analyses stratified by age, sex, and time period were also conducted to focus on subgroups for which zoonotic transmission would be more likely to be detected: cases <55 years old, male sex, and the latter half of the study (2010-2015).</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Results</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Highly endemic states had a higher rate of prion disease mortality compared to non-CWD states (rate ratio [RR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 - 1.23), as did low endemic states (RR: 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04 - 1.27). Moderately endemic states did not have an elevated mortality rate (RR: 1.05, 95% CI = 0.93 - 1.17). In age-stratified analyses, prion disease mortality rates among the <55 year old population were elevated for moderately endemic states (RR: 1.57, 95% CI = 1.10 – 2.24) while mortality rates were elevated among those ≥55 for highly endemic states (RR: 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.26) and low endemic states (RR: 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04 - 1.29). In other stratified analyses, prion disease mortality rates for males were only elevated for low endemic states (RR: 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10 - 1.48), and none of the categories of CWD-endemic states had elevated mortality rates for the latter time period (2010-2015).</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Conclusions</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">While higher prion disease mortality rates in certain categories of states with CWD in free-ranging cervids were noted, additional stratified analyses did not reveal markedly elevated rates for potentially sensitive subgroups that would be suggestive of zoonotic transmission. Unknown confounding factors or other biases may explain state-by-state differences in prion disease mortality.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">=====</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">P172 Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Prion Disease</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Wang H(1), Cohen M(1), Appleby BS(1,2)</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">(1) University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio (2) National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Cleveland, Ohio.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Prion disease is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease due to deposition of an abnormal protease-resistant isoform of prion protein. Typical symptoms include rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, visual disturbance and hallucinations. Interestingly, in patients with prion disease, the abnormal protein canould also be found in the peripheral nervous system. Case reports of prion deposition in peripheral nerves have been reported. Peripheral nerve involvement is thought to be uncommon; however, little is known about the exact prevalence and features of peripheral neuropathy in patients with prion disease.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">We reviewed autopsy-proven prion cases from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center that were diagnosed between September 2016 to March 2017. We collected information regarding prion protein diagnosis, demographics, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, physical exam, neuropathology, molecular subtype, genetics lab, brain MRI, image and EMG reports. Our study included 104 patients. Thirteen (12.5%) patients had either subjective symptoms or objective signs of peripheral neuropathy. Among these 13 patients, 3 had other known potential etiologies of peripheral neuropathy such as vitamin B12 deficiency or prior chemotherapy. Among 10 patients that had no other clear etiology, 3 (30%) had familial CJD. The most common sCJD subtype was MV1-2 (30%), followed by MM1-2 (20%). The Majority of cases wasere male (60%). Half of them had exposure to wild game. The most common subjective symptoms were tingling and/or numbness of distal extremities. The most common objective finding was diminished vibratory sensation in the feet. Half of them had an EMG with the findings ranging from fasciculations to axonal polyneuropathy or demyelinating polyneuropathy.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Our study provides an overview of the pattern of peripheral neuropathy in patients with prion disease. Among patients with peripheral neuropathy symptoms or signs, majority has polyneuropathy. It is important to document the baseline frequency of peripheral neuropathy in prion diseases as these symptoms may become important when conducting surveillance for potential novel zoonotic prion diseases.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">=====</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">P177 PrP plaques in methionine homozygous Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients as a potential marker of iatrogenic transmission</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Abrams JY (1), Schonberger LB (1), Cali I (2), Cohen Y (2), Blevins JE (2), Maddox RA (1), Belay ED (1), Appleby BS (2), Cohen ML (2)</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">(1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA (2) Case Western Reserve University, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), Cleveland, OH, USA.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Background</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is widely believed to originate from de novo spontaneous conversion of normal prion protein (PrP) to its pathogenic form, but concern remains that some reported sporadic CJD cases may actually be caused by disease transmission via iatrogenic processes. For cases with methionine homozygosity (CJD-MM) at codon 129 of the PRNP gene, recent research has pointed to plaque-like PrP deposition as a potential marker of iatrogenic transmission for a subset of cases. This phenotype is theorized to originate from specific iatrogenic source CJD types that comprise roughly a quarter of known CJD cases.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Methods</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">We reviewed scientific literature for studies which described PrP plaques among CJD patients with known epidemiological links to iatrogenic transmission (receipt of cadaveric human grown hormone or dura mater), as well as in cases of reported sporadic CJD. The presence and description of plaques, along with CJD classification type and other contextual factors, were used to summarize the current evidence regarding plaques as a potential marker of iatrogenic transmission. In addition, 523 cases of reported sporadic CJD cases in the US from January 2013 through September 2017 were assessed for presence of PrP plaques.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Results</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">We identified four studies describing 52 total cases of CJD-MM among either dura mater recipients or growth hormone recipients, of which 30 were identified as having PrP plaques. While sporadic cases were not generally described as having plaques, we did identify case reports which described plaques among sporadic MM2 cases as well as case reports of plaques exclusively in white matter among sporadic MM1 cases. Among the 523 reported sporadic CJD cases, 0 of 366 MM1 cases had plaques, 2 of 48 MM2 cases had kuru plaques, and 4 of 109 MM1+2 cases had either kuru plaques or both kuru and florid plaques. Medical chart review of the six reported sporadic CJD cases with plaques did not reveal clinical histories suggestive of potential iatrogenic transmission.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Conclusions</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">PrP plaques occur much more frequently for iatrogenic CJD-MM cases compared to sporadic CJDMM cases. Plaques may indicate iatrogenic transmission for CJD-MM cases without a type 2 Western blot fragment. The study results suggest the absence of significant misclassifications of iatrogenic CJD as sporadic. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe grey matter kuru plaques in apparently sporadic CJD-MM patients with a type 2 Western blot fragment.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">=====</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">P180 Clinico-pathological analysis of human prion diseases in a brain bank series</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Ximelis T (1), Aldecoa I (1,2), Molina-Porcel L (1,3), Grau-Rivera O (4), Ferrer I (5), Nos C (6), Gelpi E (1,7), Sánchez-Valle R (1,4)</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">(1) Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital ClÃnic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (2) Pathological Service of Hospital ClÃnic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (3) EAIA Trastorns Cognitius, Centre Emili Mira, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain (4) Department of Neurology of Hospital ClÃnic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (5) Institute of Neuropathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona (6) General subdirectorate of Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health, Department of Public Health in Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain (7) Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Background and objective:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">The Neurological Tissue Bank (NTB) of the Hospital Clínic-Institut d‘Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain is the reference center in Catalonia for the neuropathological study of prion diseases in the region since 2001. The aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics of the confirmed prion diseases registered at the NTB during the last 15 years.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Methods:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">We reviewed retrospectively all neuropathologically confirmed cases registered during the period January 2001 to December 2016.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Results:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">176 cases (54,3% female, mean age: 67,5 years and age range: 25-86 years) of neuropathological confirmed prion diseases have been studied at the NTB. 152 cases corresponded to sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), 10 to genetic CJD, 10 to Fatal Familial Insomnia, 2 to GerstmannSträussler-Scheinker disease, and 2 cases to variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr). Within sCJD subtypes the MM1 subtype was the most frequent, followed by the VV2 histotype.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Clinical and neuropathological diagnoses agreed in 166 cases (94%). The clinical diagnosis was not accurate in 10 patients with definite prion disease: 1 had a clinical diagnosis of Fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), 1 Niemann-Pick‘s disease, 1 Lewy Body‘s Disease, 2 Alzheimer‘s disease, 1 Cortico-basal syndrome and 2 undetermined dementia. Among patients with VPSPr, 1 had a clinical diagnosis of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the other one with FTD.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Concomitant pathologies are frequent in older age groups, mainly AD neuropathological changes were observed in these subjects.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Discussion:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">A wide spectrum of human prion diseases have been identified in the NTB being the relative frequencies and main characteristics like other published series. There is a high rate of agreement between clinical and neuropathological diagnoses with prion diseases. These findings show the importance that public health has given to prion diseases during the past 15 years. Continuous surveillance of human prion disease allows identification of new emerging phenotypes. Brain tissue samples from these donors are available to the scientific community. For more information please visit:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.clinicbiobanc.org/banc-teixits-neurologics/mostres/en_index.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.clinicbiobanc.org/banc-teixits-neurologics/mostres/en_index.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">=====</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">P192 Prion amplification techniques for the rapid evaluation of surface decontamination procedures</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Bruyere-Ostells L (1), Mayran C (1), Belondrade M (1), Boublik Y (2), Haïk S (3), Fournier-Wirth C (1), Nicot S (1), Bougard D (1)</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">(1) Pathogenesis and control of chronic infections, Etablissement Français du Sang, Inserm, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. (2) Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. (3) Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Aims:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases are a group of incurable and always fatal neurodegenerative disorders including Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (CJD) in humans. These pathologies include sporadic (sCJD), genetic and acquired (variant CJD) forms. By the past, sCJD and vCJD were transmitted by different prion contaminated biological materials to patients resulting in more than 400 iatrogenic cases (iCJD). The atypical nature and the biochemical properties of the infectious agent, formed by abnormal prion protein or PrPTSE, make it particularly resistant to conventional decontamination procedures. In addition, PrPTSE is widely distributed throughout the organism before clinical onset in vCJD and can also be detected in some peripheral tissues in sporadic CJD. Risk of iatrogenic transmission of CJD by contaminated medical device remains thus a concern for healthcare facilities. Bioassay is the gold standard method to evaluate the efficacy of prion decontamination procedures but is time-consuming and expensive. Here, we propose to compare in vitro prion amplification techniques: Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) and Real-Time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) for the detection of residual prions on surface after decontamination.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Methods:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Stainless steel wires, by mimicking the surface of surgical instruments, were proposed as a carrier model of prions for inactivation studies. To determine the sensitivity of the two amplification techniques on wires (Surf-PMCA and Surf-QuIC), steel wires were therefore contaminated with serial dilutions of brain homogenates (BH) from a 263k infected hamster and from a patient with sCJD (MM1 subtype). We then compared the different standard decontamination procedures including partially and fully efficient treatments by detecting the residual seeding activity on 263K and sCJD contaminated wires. We completed our study by the evaluation of marketed reagents endorsed for prion decontamination.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Results:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">The two amplification techniques can detect minute quantities of PrPTSE adsorbed onto a single wire. 8/8 wires contaminated with a 10-6 dilution of 263k BH and 1/6 with the 10-8 dilution are positive with Surf-PMCA. Similar performances were obtained with Surf-QuIC on 263K: 10/16 wires contaminated with 10-6 dilution and 1/8 wires contaminated with 10-8 dilution are positive. Regarding the human sCJD-MM1 prion, Surf-QuIC allows us to detect 16/16 wires contaminated with 10-6 dilutions and 14/16 with 10-7 . Results obtained after decontamination treatments are very similar between 263K and sCJD prions. Efficiency of marketed treatments to remove prions is lower than expected.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Conclusions:</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Surf-PMCA and Surf-QuIC are very sensitive methods for the detection of prions on wires and could be applied to prion decontamination studies for rapid evaluation of new treatments. Sodium hypochlorite is the only product to efficiently remove seeding activity of both 263K and sCJD prions.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">=====</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div>WA2 Oral transmission of CWD into Cynomolgus macaques: signs of atypical disease, prion conversion and infectivity in macaques and bio-assayed transgenic mice</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Schatzl HM (1, 2), Hannaoui S (1, 2), Cheng Y-C (1, 2), Gilch S (1, 2), Beekes M (3), SchulzSchaeffer W (4), Stahl-Hennig C (5) and Czub S (2, 6)</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>(1) University of Calgary, Calgary Prion Research Unit, Calgary, Canada (2) University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada, (3) Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, (4) University of Homburg/Saar, Homburg, Germany, (5) German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany, (6) Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Lethbridge, Canada.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>To date, BSE is the only example of interspecies transmission of an animal prion disease into humans. The potential zoonotic transmission of CWD is an alarming issue and was addressed by many groups using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Evidence from these studies indicated a substantial, if not absolute, species barrier, aligning with the absence of epidemiological evidence suggesting transmission into humans. Studies in non-human primates were not conclusive so far, with oral transmission into new-world monkeys and no transmission into old-world monkeys. Our consortium has challenged 18 Cynomolgus macaques with characterized CWD material, focusing on oral transmission with muscle tissue. Some macaques have orally received a total of 5 kg of muscle material over a period of 2 years. After 5-7 years of incubation time some animals showed clinical symptoms indicative of prion disease, and prion neuropathology and PrPSc deposition were found in spinal cord and brain of euthanized animals. PrPSc in immunoblot was weakly detected in some spinal cord materials and various tissues tested positive in RT-QuIC, including lymph node and spleen homogenates. To prove prion infectivity in the macaque tissues, we have intracerebrally inoculated 2 lines of transgenic mice, expressing either elk or human PrP. At least 3 TgElk mice, receiving tissues from 2 different macaques, showed clinical signs of a progressive prion disease and brains were positive in immunoblot and RT-QuIC. Tissues (brain, spinal cord and spleen) from these and preclinical mice are currently tested using various read-outs and by second passage in mice. Transgenic mice expressing human PrP were so far negative for clear clinical prion disease (some mice >300 days p.i.). In parallel, the same macaque materials are inoculated into bank voles. Taken together, there is strong evidence of transmissibility of CWD orally into macaques and from macaque tissues into transgenic mouse models, although with an incomplete attack rate. The clinical and pathological presentation in macaques was mostly atypical, with a strong emphasis on spinal cord pathology. Our ongoing studies will show whether the transmission of CWD into macaques and passage in transgenic mice represents a form of non-adaptive prion amplification, and whether macaque-adapted prions have the potential to infect mice expressing human PrP. The notion that CWD can be transmitted orally into both new-world and old-world non-human primates asks for a careful reevaluation of the zoonotic risk of CWD.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>See also poster P103</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>***> The notion that CWD can be transmitted orally into both new-world and old-world non-human primates asks for a careful reevaluation of the zoonotic risk of CWD.<br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>=====</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>WA16 Monitoring Potential CWD Transmission to Humans</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Belay ED</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in animals has raised concerns about increasing human exposure to the CWD agent via hunting and venison consumption, potentially facilitating CWD transmission to humans. Several studies have explored this possibility, including limited epidemiologic studies, in vitro experiments, and laboratory studies using various types of animal models. Most human exposures to the CWD agent in the United States would be expected to occur in association with deer and elk hunting in CWD-endemic areas. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collaborated with state health departments in Colorado, Wisconsin, and Wyoming to identify persons at risk of CWD exposure and to monitor their vital status over time. Databases were established of persons who hunted in Colorado and Wyoming and those who reported consumption of venison from deer that later tested positive in Wisconsin. Information from the databases is periodically cross-checked with mortality data to determine the vital status and causes of death for deceased persons. Long-term follow-up of these hunters is needed to assess their risk of development of a prion disease linked to CWD exposure.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>=====</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>P166 Characterization of CJD strain profiles in venison consumers and non-consumers from Alberta and Saskatchewan</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Stephanie Booth (1,2), Lise Lamoureux (1), Debra Sorensen (1), Jennifer L. Myskiw (1,2), Megan Klassen (1,2), Michael Coulthart (3), Valerie Sim (4)</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>(1) Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg (2) Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (3) Canadian CJD Surveillance System, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa (4) Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is spreading rapidly through wild cervid populations in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. While this has implications for tourism and hunting, there is also concern over possible zoonotic transmission to humans who eat venison from infected deer. Whilst there is no evidence of any human cases of CWD to date, the Canadian CJD Surveillance System (CJDSS) in Canada is staying vigilant. When variant CJD occurred following exposure to BSE, the unique biochemical fingerprint of the pathologic PrP enabled a causal link to be confirmed. However, we cannot be sure what phenotype human CWD prions would present with, or indeed, whether this would be distinct from that see in sporadic CJD. Therefore we are undertaking a systematic analysis of the molecular diversity of CJD cases of individuals who resided in Alberta and Saskatchewan at their time of death comparing venison consumers and non-consumers, using a variety of clinical, imaging, pathological and biochemical markers. Our initial objective is to develop novel biochemical methodologies that will extend the baseline glycoform and genetic polymorphism typing that is already completed by the CJDSS. Firstly, we are reviewing MRI, EEG and pathology information from over 40 cases of CJD to select clinically affected areas for further investigation. Biochemical analysis will include assessment of the levels of protease sensitive and resistant prion protein, glycoform typing using 2D gel electrophoresis, testing seeding capabilities and kinetics of aggregation by quaking-induced conversion, and determining prion oligomer size distributions with asymmetric flow field fractionation with in-line light scattering. Progress and preliminary data will be presented. Ultimately, we intend to further define the relationship between PrP structure and disease phenotype and establish a baseline for the identification of future atypical CJD cases that may arise as a result of exposure to CWD.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>=====</div></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Source Prion Conference 2018 Abstracts</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2018/05/prion-2018-may-22-25-2018-santiago-de.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2018/05/prion-2018-may-22-25-2018-santiago-de.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/07/oral-transmission-of-cwd-into.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/07/oral-transmission-of-cwd-into.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://prionconference.blogspot.com/2018/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://prionconference.blogspot.com/2018/</a></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div>Volume 24, Number 8—August 2018 Research Susceptibility of Human Prion Protein to Conversion by Chronic Wasting Disease Prions</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Marcelo A. BarriaComments to Author , Adriana Libori, Gordon Mitchell, and Mark W. Head Author affiliations: National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (M.A. Barria, A. Libori, M.W. Head); National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G. Mitchell)</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious and fatal neurodegenerative disease and a serious animal health issue for deer and elk in North America. The identification of the first cases of CWD among free-ranging reindeer and moose in Europe brings back into focus the unresolved issue of whether CWD can be zoonotic like bovine spongiform encephalopathy. We used a cell-free seeded protein misfolding assay to determine whether CWD prions from elk, white-tailed deer, and reindeer in North America can convert the human prion protein to the disease-associated form. We found that prions can convert, but the efficiency of conversion is affected by polymorphic variation in the cervid and human prion protein genes. In view of the similarity of reindeer, elk, and white-tailed deer in North America to reindeer, red deer, and roe deer, respectively, in Europe, a more comprehensive and thorough assessment of the zoonotic potential of CWD might be warranted.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>snip...</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Discussion Characterization of the transmission properties of CWD and evaluation of their zoonotic potential are important for public health purposes. Given that CWD affects several members of the family Cervidae, it seems reasonable to consider whether the zoonotic potential of CWD prions could be affected by factors such as CWD strain, cervid species, geographic location, and Prnp–PRNP polymorphic variation. We have previously used an in vitro conversion assay (PMCA) to investigate the susceptibility of the human PrP to conversion to its disease-associated form by several animal prion diseases, including CWD (15,16,22). The sensitivity of our molecular model for the detection of zoonotic conversion depends on the combination of 1) the action of proteinase K to degrade the abundant human PrPC that constitutes the substrate while only N terminally truncating any human PrPres produced and 2) the presence of the 3F4 epitope on human but not cervid PrP. In effect, this degree of sensitivity means that any human PrPres formed during the PMCA reaction can be detected down to the limit of Western blot sensitivity. In contrast, if other antibodies that detect both cervid and human PrP are used, such as 6H4, then newly formed human PrPres must be detected as a measurable increase in PrPres over the amount remaining in the reaction product from the cervid seed. Although best known for the efficient amplification of prions in research and diagnostic contexts, the variation of the PMCA method employed in our study is optimized for the definitive detection of zoonotic reaction products of inherently inefficient conversion reactions conducted across species barriers. By using this system, we previously made and reported the novel observation that elk CWD prions could convert human PrPC from human brain and could also convert recombinant human PrPC expressed in transgenic mice and eukaryotic cell cultures (15).</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>A previous publication suggested that mule deer PrPSc was unable to convert humanized transgenic substrate in PMCA assays (23) and required a further step of in vitro conditioning in deer substrate PMCA before it was able to cross the deer–human molecular barrier (24). However, prions from other species, such as elk (15) and reindeer affected by CWD, appear to be compatible with the human protein in a single round of amplification (as shown in our study). These observations suggest that different deer species affected by CWD could present differing degrees of the olecular compatibility with the normal form of human PrP.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The contribution of the polymorphism at codon 129 of the human PrP gene has been extensively studied and is recognized as a risk factor for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (4). In cervids, the equivalent codon corresponds to the position 132 encoding methionine or leucine. This polymorphism in the elk gene has been shown to play an important role in CWD susceptibility (25,26). We have investigated the effect of this cervid Prnp polymorphism on the conversion of the humanized transgenic substrate according to the variation in the equivalent PRNP codon 129 polymorphism. Interestingly, only the homologs methionine homozygous seed–substrate reactions could readily convert the human PrP, whereas the heterozygous elk PrPSc was unable to do so, even though comparable amounts of PrPres were used to seed the reaction. In addition, we observed only low levels of human PrPres formation in the reactions seeded with the homozygous methionine (132 MM) and the heterozygous (132 ML) seeds incubated with the other 2 human polymorphic substrates (129 MV and 129 VV). The presence of the amino acid leucine at position 132 of the elk Prnp gene has been attributed to a lower degree of prion conversion compared with methionine on the basis of experiments in mice made transgenic for these polymorphic variants (26). Considering the differences observed for the amplification of the homozygous human methionine substrate by the 2 polymorphic elk seeds (MM and ML), reappraisal of the susceptibility of human PrPC by the full range of cervid polymorphic variants affected by CWD would be warranted.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>In light of the recent identification of the first cases of CWD in Europe in a free-ranging reindeer (R. tarandus) in Norway (2), we also decided to evaluate the in vitro conversion potential of CWD in 2 experimentally infected reindeer (18). Formation of human PrPres was readily detectable after a single round of PMCA, and in all 3 humanized polymorphic substrates (MM, MV, and VV). This finding suggests that CWD prions from reindeer could be more compatible with human PrPC generally and might therefore present a greater risk for zoonosis than, for example, CWD prions from white-tailed deer. A more comprehensive comparison of CWD in the affected species, coupled with the polymorphic variations in the human and deer PRNP–Prnp genes, in vivo and in vitro, will be required before firm conclusions can be drawn. Analysis of the Prnp sequence of the CWD reindeer in Norway was reported to be identical to the specimens used in our study (2). This finding raises the possibility of a direct comparison of zoonotic potential between CWD acquired in the wild and that produced in a controlled laboratory setting. (Table).</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The prion hypothesis proposes that direct molecular interaction between PrPSc and PrPC is necessary for conversion and prion replication. Accordingly, polymorphic variants of the PrP of host and agent might play a role in determining compatibility and potential zoonotic risk. In this study, we have examined the capacity of the human PrPC to support in vitro conversion by elk, white-tailed deer, and reindeer CWD PrPSc. Our data confirm that elk CWD prions can convert the human PrPC, at least in vitro, and show that the homologous PRNP polymorphisms at codon 129 and 132 in humans and cervids affect conversion efficiency. Other species affected by CWD, particularly caribou or reindeer, also seem able to convert the human PrP. It will be important to determine whether other polymorphic variants found in other CWD-affected Cervidae or perhaps other factors (17) exert similar effects on the ability to convert human PrP and thus affect their zoonotic potential.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Dr. Barria is a research scientist working at the National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh. His research has focused on understanding the molecular basis of a group of fatal neurologic disorders called prion diseases.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Acknowledgments We thank Aru Balachandran for originally providing cervid brain tissues, Abigail Diack and Jean Manson for providing mouse brain tissue, and James Ironside for his critical reading of the manuscript at an early stage.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>This report is independent research commissioned and funded by the United Kingdom’s Department of Health Policy Research Programme and the Government of Scotland. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health or the Government of Scotland.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Author contributions: The study was conceived and designed by M.A.B. and M.W.H. The experiments were conducted by M.A.B. and A.L. Chronic wasting disease brain specimens were provided by G.M. The manuscript was written by M.A.B. and M.W.H. All authors contributed to the editing and revision of the manuscript.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/8/16-1888_article" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/8/16-1888_article</a><br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/clinical-brain-sciences/news/news-jul-dec-2018/cwd-prions-human-conversion" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ed.ac.uk/clinical-brain-sciences/news/news-jul-dec-2018/cwd-prions-human-conversion</a><br clear="none" /></div></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Prion 2017 Conference Abstracts</span></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">First evidence of intracranial and peroral transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) into Cynomolgus macaques: a work in progress Stefanie Czub1, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2, Christiane Stahl-Hennig3, Michael Beekes4, Hermann Schaetzl5 and Dirk Motzkus6 1 </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine/Canadian Food Inspection Agency; 2Universitatsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultat der Universitat des Saarlandes; 3 Deutsches Primaten Zentrum/Goettingen; 4 Robert-Koch-Institut Berlin; 5 University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 6 presently: Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center; previously: Deutsches Primaten Zentrum/Goettingen </span><br clear="none" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">This is a progress report of a project which started in 2009. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">21 cynomolgus macaques were challenged with characterized CWD material from white-tailed deer (WTD) or elk by intracerebral (ic), oral, and skin exposure routes. Additional blood transfusion experiments are supposed to assess the CWD contamination risk of human blood product. Challenge materials originated from symptomatic cervids for ic, skin scarification and partially per oral routes (WTD brain). Challenge material for feeding of muscle derived from preclinical WTD and from preclinical macaques for blood transfusion experiments. We have confirmed that the CWD challenge material contained at least two different CWD agents (brain material) as well as CWD prions in muscle-associated nerves. </span><br clear="none" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">Here we present first data on a group of animals either challenged ic with steel wires or per orally and sacrificed with incubation times ranging from 4.5 to 6.9 years at postmortem. Three animals displayed signs of mild clinical disease, including anxiety, apathy, ataxia and/or tremor. In four animals wasting was observed, two of those had confirmed diabetes. All animals have variable signs of prion neuropathology in spinal cords and brains and by supersensitive IHC, reaction was detected in spinal cord segments of all animals. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuiC) and PET-blot assays to further substantiate these findings are on the way, as well as bioassays in bank voles and transgenic mice. </span><br clear="none" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">At present, a total of 10 animals are sacrificed and read-outs are ongoing. Preclinical incubation of the remaining macaques covers a range from 6.4 to 7.10 years. Based on the species barrier and an incubation time of > 5 years for BSE in macaques and about 10 years for scrapie in macaques, we expected an onset of clinical disease beyond 6 years post inoculation. </span><br clear="none" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">PRION 2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS ABSTRACTS REFERENCE</span></div></div></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">8. Even though human TSE‐exposure risk through consumption of game from European cervids can be assumed to be minor, if at all existing, no final conclusion can be drawn due to the overall lack of scientific data. In particular the US data do not clearly exclude the possibility of human (sporadic or familial) TSE development due to consumption of venison. The Working Group thus recognizes a potential risk to consumers if a TSE would be present in European cervids. It might be prudent considering appropriate measures to reduce such a risk, e.g. excluding tissues such as CNS and lymphoid tissues from the human food chain, which would greatly reduce any potential risk for consumers. However, it is stressed that currently, no data regarding a risk of TSE infections from cervid products are available.</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5132" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5132</a></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2019 </div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion and THE FEAST 2003 CDC an updated review of the science 2019</div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/02/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/02/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion.html</a><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 04, 2014 </div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">Six-year follow-up of a point-source exposure to CWD contaminated venison in an Upstate New York community: risk behaviours and health outcomes 2005–2011</div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">Authors, though, acknowledged the study was limited in geography and sample size and so it couldn't draw a conclusion about the risk to humans. They recommended more study. Dr. Ermias Belay was the report's principal author but he said New York and Oneida County officials are following the proper course by not launching a study. "There's really nothing to monitor presently. No one's sick," Belay said, noting the disease's incubation period in deer and elk is measured in years. "</div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/11/six-year-follow-up-of-point-source.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/11/six-year-follow-up-of-point-source.html</a> </div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Transmission Studies</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Mule deer transmissions of CWD were by intracerebral inoculation and compared with natural cases {the following was written but with a single line marked through it ''first passage (by this route)}....TSS</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">resulted in a more rapidly progressive clinical disease with repeated episodes of synocopy ending in coma. One control animal became affected, it is believed through contamination of inoculum (?saline). Further CWD transmissions were carried out by Dick Marsh into ferret, mink and squirrel monkey. Transmission occurred in ALL of these species with the shortest incubation period in the ferret.</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">snip.... </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002237/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002237/http://www..bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Prion Infectivity in Fat of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease▿ </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Brent Race#, Kimberly Meade-White#, Richard Race and Bruce Chesebro* + Author Affiliations</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">In mice, prion infectivity was recently detected in fat. Since ruminant fat is consumed by humans and fed to animals, we determined infectivity titers in fat from two CWD-infected deer. Deer fat devoid of muscle contained low levels of CWD infectivity and might be a risk factor for prion infection of other species. </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://jvi.asm.org/content/83/18/9608.full" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://jvi.asm.org/content/83/18/9608.full</a> </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Prions in Skeletal Muscles of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Here bioassays in transgenic mice expressing cervid prion protein revealed the presence of infectious prions in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected deer, demonstrating that humans consuming or handling meat from CWD-infected deer are at risk to prion exposure. </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/311/5764/1117..long" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://science.sciencemag.org/content/311/5764/1117..long</a> </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">*** now, let’s see what the authors said about this casual link, personal communications years ago, and then the latest on the zoonotic potential from CWD to humans from the TOKYO PRION 2016 CONFERENCE.</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">see where it is stated NO STRONG evidence. so, does this mean there IS casual evidence ???? “Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans”</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">From: TSS </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: CWD aka MAD DEER/ELK TO HUMANS ???</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Date: September 30, 2002 at 7:06 am PST</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">From: "Belay, Ermias"</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">To: Cc: "Race, Richard (NIH)" ; ; "Belay, Ermias"</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 9:22 AM</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: RE: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Dear Sir/Madam,</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">In the Archives of Neurology you quoted (the abstract of which was attached to your email), we did not say CWD in humans will present like variant CJD.. That assumption would be wrong. I encourage you to read the whole article and call me if you have questions or need more clarification (phone: 404-639-3091). Also, we do not claim that "no-one has ever been infected with prion disease from eating venison." Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans in the article you quoted or in any other forum is limited to the patients we investigated.</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Ermias Belay, M.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">-----Original Message-----</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">From: Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:15 AM</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">To: <a href="mailto:rr26k@nih.gov" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:rr26k@nih.gov">rr26k@nih.gov</a>; <a href="mailto:rrace@niaid.nih.gov" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:rrace@niaid.nih.gov">rrace@niaid.nih.gov</a>; <a href="mailto:ebb8@CDC.GOV" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:ebb8@CDC.GOV">ebb8@CDC.GOV</a></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Sunday, November 10, 2002 6:26 PM .......snip........end..............TSS</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">Thursday, April 03, 2008</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease 2008 1: Vet Res. 2008 Apr 3;39(4):41 A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease Sigurdson CJ.</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">snip...</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">*** twenty-seven CJD patients who regularly consumed venison were reported to the Surveillance Center***,</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">snip... full text ; </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/04/prion-disease-of-cervids-chronic.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/04/prion-disease-of-cervids-chronic.html</a> </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">> However, to date, no CWD infections have been reported in people. </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif">sporadic, spontaneous CJD, 85%+ of all human TSE, </span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">did</span><span face="Roboto, sans-serif"> not just happen. never in scientific literature has this been proven.</span></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">if one looks up the word sporadic or spontaneous at pubmed, you will get a laundry list of disease that are classified in such a way;</div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">sporadic = 54,983 hits <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=sporadic" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=sporadic</a></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">spontaneous = 325,650 hits <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=spontaneous" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=spontaneous</a></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">key word here is 'reported'. science has shown that CWD in humans will look like sporadic CJD. SO, how can one assume that CWD has not already transmitted to humans? they can't, and it's as simple as that. from all recorded science to date, CWD has already transmitted to humans, and it's being misdiagnosed as sporadic CJD. ...terry </div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">*** LOOKING FOR CWD IN HUMANS AS nvCJD or as an ATYPICAL CJD, LOOKING IN ALL THE WRONG PLACES $$$ ***</div></div></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;">> However, to date, no CWD infections have been reported in people.<br clear="none" /></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;">key word here is ‘reported’. science has shown that CWD in humans will look like sporadic CJD. SO, how can one assume that CWD has not already transmitted to humans? they can’t, and it’s as simple as that. from all recorded science to date, CWD has already transmitted to humans, and it’s being misdiagnosed as sporadic CJD. …terry</div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;">*** LOOKING FOR CWD IN HUMANS AS nvCJD or as an ATYPICAL CJD, LOOKING IN ALL THE WRONG PLACES $$$ ***</div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;">*** These results would seem to suggest that CWD does indeed have zoonotic potential, at least as judged by the compatibility of CWD prions and their human PrPC target. Furthermore, extrapolation from this simple in vitro assay suggests that if zoonotic CWD occurred, it would most likely effect those of the PRNP codon 129-MM genotype and that the PrPres type would be similar to that found in the most common subtype of sCJD (MM1).***</div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/pri.28124?src=recsys" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="background-color: inherit; color: #222222; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/pri.28124?src=recsys</a></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/pri.28124?needAccess=true" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="background-color: inherit; color: #222222; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/pri.28124?needAccess=true</a></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;"><a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-0858_article" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="background-color: inherit; color: #222222; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-0858_article</a></div></div><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="background-color: white; color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;">CWD TSE PRION AND ZOONOTIC, ZOONOSIS, POTENTIAL</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: Re: DEER SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SURVEY & HOUND STUDY </span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 23:12:22 +0100 </span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">From: Steve Dealler </span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Organization: Netscape Online member </span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">To: BSE-L@ References: <3daf5023 .4080804="" <a href="http://wt.net/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">wt.net</a>=""></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">Dear Terry,</span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">An excellent piece of review as this literature is desparately difficult to get back from Government sites.</span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">What happened with the deer was that an association between deer meat eating and sporadic CJD was found in about 1993. The evidence was not great but did not disappear after several years of asking CJD cases what they had eaten. I think that the work into deer disease largely stopped because it was not helpful to the UK industry...and no specific cases were reported. Well, if you dont look adequately like they are in USA currenly then you wont find any!</span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="color: #1d2129; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.22em;">Steve Dealler =============== </span></span></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><a href="https://caninespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/03/canine-spongiform-encephalopathy-aka.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://caninespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/03/canine-spongiform-encephalopathy-aka.html</a></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">''The association between venison eating and risk of CJD shows similar pattern, with regular venison eating associated with a 9 FOLD INCREASE IN RISK OF CJD (p = 0.04).''<br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM THIRD ANNUAL REPORT AUGUST 1994</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">Consumption of venison and veal was much less widespread among both cases and controls. For both of these meats there was evidence of a trend with increasing frequency of consumption being associated with increasing risk of CJD. (not nvCJD, but sporadic CJD...tss) These associations were largely unchanged when attention was restricted to pairs with data obtained from relatives. ...</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">Table 9 presents the results of an analysis of these data.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">There is STRONG evidence of an association between ‘’regular’’ veal eating and risk of CJD (p = .0.01).</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">Individuals reported to eat veal on average at least once a year appear to be at 13 TIMES THE RISK of individuals who have never eaten veal.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">There is, however, a very wide confidence interval around this estimate. There is no strong evidence that eating veal less than once per year is associated with increased risk of CJD (p = 0.51).</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">The association between venison eating and risk of CJD shows similar pattern, with regular venison eating associated with a 9 FOLD INCREASE IN RISK OF CJD (p = 0.04).</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">There is some evidence that risk of CJD INCREASES WITH INCREASING FREQUENCY OF LAMB EATING (p = 0.02).</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">The evidence for such an association between beef eating and CJD is weaker (p = 0.14). When only controls for whom a relative was interviewed are included, this evidence becomes a little STRONGER (p = 0.08).</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">snip...</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">It was found that when veal was included in the model with another exposure, the association between veal and CJD remained statistically significant (p = < 0.05 for all exposures), while the other exposures ceased to be statistically significant (p = > 0.05).</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">snip...</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">In conclusion, an analysis of dietary histories revealed statistical associations between various meats/animal products and INCREASED RISK OF CJD. When some account was taken of possible confounding, the association between VEAL EATING AND RISK OF CJD EMERGED AS THE STRONGEST OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS STATISTICALLY. ...</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">snip...</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">In the study in the USA, a range of foodstuffs were associated with an increased risk of CJD, including liver consumption which was associated with an apparent SIX-FOLD INCREASE IN THE RISK OF CJD. By comparing the data from 3 studies in relation to this particular dietary factor, the risk of liver consumption became non-significant with an odds ratio of 1.2 (PERSONAL COMMUNICATION, PROFESSOR A. HOFMAN. ERASMUS UNIVERSITY, ROTTERDAM). (???...TSS)</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">snip...see full report ;</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506050043/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/08/00004001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506050043/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/08/00004001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506050007/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/10/00003001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506050007/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/10/00003001.pdf</a></div></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506050244/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/07/00001001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506050244/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/07/00001001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span style="background-color: #fef9f5; color: #121212; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.22em;">Stephen Dealler is a consultant medical microbiologist</span><span style="background-color: #fef9f5; color: #121212; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.22em;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </span></span><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #121212; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.22em;"> <a href="mailto:deal@airtime.co.uk" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:deal@airtime.co.uk">deal@airtime.co.uk</a> </span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #121212; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">BSE Inquiry Steve Dealler</div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">Management In Confidence</div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">BSE: Private Submission of Bovine Brain Dealler</div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">snip...see full text;</div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;">MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2019</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;">***> MAD DOGS AND ENGLISHMEN BSE, SCRAPIE, CWD, CJD, TSE PRION A REVIEW 2019</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://bseinquiry..blogspot.com/2019/02/mad-dogs-and-englishmen-bse-scrapie-cwd.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2019/02/mad-dogs-and-englishmen-bse-scrapie-cwd.html</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><div><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-size: 12px;">Jeff Schwan </span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-size: 12px;">was 26 years old when he died from CJD.</span><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #383a3b; font-size: 15px;">***> </span><span face="Helvetica, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif" style="color: #383a3b; font-size: 15px;">I urge everyone to watch this video closely...terry</span><br clear="none" style="color: #383a3b; font-family: Helvetica, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><br clear="none" style="color: #383a3b; font-family: Helvetica, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face="Helvetica, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif" style="color: #383a3b; font-size: 15px;">*** </span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #383a3b; font-size: 15px;">Y</span><span face="Helvetica, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif" style="color: #383a3b; font-size: 15px;">ou can see video here and interview with Jeff's Mom, and scientist telling you to test everything and potential risk factors for humans ***</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="color: #383a3b; font-family: Helvetica, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;" target="_blank">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;">***> ''<span style="color: #1d2129; font-size: 14px;">The association between venison eating and risk of CJD shows similar pattern, with regular venison eating associated with a 9 FOLD INCREASE IN RISK OF CJD (p = 0.04).''</span></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="background-color: white;"><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="background-color: white;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">***> In conclusion, sensory symptoms and loss of reflexes in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome can be explained by neuropathological changes in the spinal cord. We conclude that the sensory symptoms and loss of lower limb reflexes in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome is due to pathology in the caudal spinal cord. <***</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***> The clinical and pathological presentation in macaques was mostly atypical, with a strong emphasis on spinal cord pathology.<*** </span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***> The notion that CWD can be transmitted orally into both new-world and old-world non-human primates asks for a careful reevaluation of the zoonotic risk of CWD. <***</span></div></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***> All animals have variable signs of prion neuropathology in spinal cords and brains and by supersensitive IHC, reaction was detected in spinal cord segments of all animals.<*** </span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">***> In particular the US data do not clearly exclude the possibility of human (sporadic or familial) TSE development due to consumption of venison. The Working Group thus recognizes a potential risk to consumers if a TSE would be present in European cervids.'' Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II) <***</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><a href="https://familialcjdtseprion.blogspot.com/2019/02/cwd-gss-tse-prion-spinal-cord-confucius.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://familialcjdtseprion.blogspot.com/2019/02/cwd-gss-tse-prion-spinal-cord-confucius.html</a></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 24px;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div>WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture today announced a confirmed positive for CWD in a white-tailed deer on a Warren County hunting preserve </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/pennsylvania-department-of-agriculture.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/pennsylvania-department-of-agriculture.html</a><br clear="none" /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><div><div>FRIDAY, JUNE 11, 2021 </div><div><br /></div><div>Ohio Confirms 2 CWD Positive Wild Cervid 2020-2021 With Additional 25 deer from four captive deer facilities confirmed positive to date<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/06/ohio-confirms-2-cwd-positive-wild.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/06/ohio-confirms-2-cwd-positive-wild.html</a></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>TUESDAY, JUNE 01, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Minnesota DNR to protect wild deer health through temporary ban on movement of farmed deer<br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/06/minnesota-dnr-to-protect-wild-deer.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/06/minnesota-dnr-to-protect-wild-deer.html</a></div></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><div>TUESDAY, MAY 25, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Minnesota Twelve additional white-tailed deer tested positive for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in the infected Beltrami County farmed deer herd<br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/minnesota-twelve-additional-white.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/minnesota-twelve-additional-white.html</a><br clear="none" /></div></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><div>WEDNESDAY, MAY 19, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>***> U of M testing finds presence of CWD prions at Beltrami County carcass dump site <***</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/u-of-m-testing-finds-presence-of-cwd.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/u-of-m-testing-finds-presence-of-cwd.html</a> </div></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">WEDNESDAY, APRIL 07, 2021 </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Minnesota 3-year-old white-tailed doe at a Beltrami County farm has been confirmed CWD positive<br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/04/minnesota-3-year-old-white-tailed-doe.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/04/minnesota-3-year-old-white-tailed-doe.html</a></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">TEXAS 267 DIFFERENT SITES HAVE RECEIVED DEER FROM AT LEAST ONE OF THE TWO RECENT CWD POSITIVE FACILITIES</span><br clear="none" /><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></span></span><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">Clayton: It was recently announced that deer in two parks and wildlife breeding facilities were discovered to have CWD. How concerning is this to you?</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">Lockwood: Well, it's very concerning. We actually have detected CWD in five breeding facilities since March 2013. Two of the facilities are at the same location. So you can think of it as four different permitted deer breeders of that have been directly affected by this.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">But actually, there are a whole lot more people than that that have been affected by this, because these facilities, they buy and sell deer, they transfer deer in and out of the facilities. Two hundred and sixty seven different sites in Texas have received deer from at least one of these facilities in the past five years. But a lot of them are release sites where these deer released in the free range and deer population.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><a href="https://www.tpr.org/environment/2021-05-22/wildlife-experts-concerned-about-spread-of-chronic-wasting-disease" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.tpr.org/environment/2021-05-22/wildlife-experts-concerned-about-spread-of-chronic-wasting-disease</a><br clear="none" /></span></div><div id="yiv8011355264"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></span><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></span></span><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Sat, Apr 17, 2021 1:35 pm<br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Terry Singeltary </div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">To <a href="mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG">BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">greetings BSE-L et al, </div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">i finally got a recent copy of the CWD-trace facilities associated with the CWD-positive deer breeding facilities in Hunt and Uvalde Counties. seems to date, there are 181 CWD-trace facilities associated with the CWD-positive deer breeding facilities in Hunt and Uvalde Counties, and some our out of state/country in Mexico. i was told that in the coming weeks, some of the facilities will start testing for cwd, and those results will be forthcoming later on. i hope they don't flounder on depopulation efforts if any positives are found. sad for Mexico, they haven't a clue on cwd tse prion and surveillance there from...imo.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">220 Cimarron, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NA, 66278</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Maclovio Herrera N 4515 Col. Motomoros, Nuevo Laredo, NA, 88210</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Conquistadores 2424, Monterrey, NA, 64610</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">104 Serafin Pena, Linares, NA, 67735</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">713 Guidoni, Gral Escobedo, NA, 00000</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Maiz 204 Col Centro, Anahuac, NA, 85030</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Calle Dos 219, Col. Jardin, Matamoros, TA, 87330</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">C Real Del Marquez #403, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NL, 66278</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">TUESDAY, APRIL 13, 2021 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Implications of farmed-cervid movements on the transmission of chronic wasting disease</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Conclusion</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">In conclusion, given that CWD transmission can occur through contact with infected body parts or through indirect contacts via contamination of feed and other fomites, understanding animal movements is critical for mitigating disease spread. Long distance commercial movements of cervids pose one risk for spread of CWD. This study approach can be used to understand disease transmission risks across the region and in North America in general.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167587720301537?via%3Dihub" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167587720301537?via%3Dihub</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/04/implications-of-farmed-cervid-movements.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/04/implications-of-farmed-cervid-movements.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">terry</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">-----Original Message-----</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">From: Terry Singeltary <<a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net">flounder9@verizon.net</a>></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">To: <a href="mailto:bse-l@lists.aegee.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:bse-l@lists.aegee.org">bse-l@lists.aegee.org</a> <<a href="mailto:bse-l@lists.aegee.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:bse-l@lists.aegee.org">bse-l@lists.aegee.org</a>></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Sent: Wed, Mar 31, 2021 11:48 am</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Subject: Texas TPWD TAHC Chronic Wasting Disease Discovered at Deer Breeding Facilities in Hunt and Uvalde Counties</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, 2021 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Texas TPWD TAHC Chronic Wasting Disease Discovered at Deer Breeding Facilities in Hunt and Uvalde Counties</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/03/texas-tpwd-tahc-chronic-wasting-disease.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/03/texas-tpwd-tahc-chronic-wasting-disease.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sent: Wed, May 19, 2021 11:35 am</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></span><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></span><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></span><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></span><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Subject: Texas CWD TSE Prion Discovered at Deer Breeding Facilities in Matagorda and Mason Counties With 228 Positive To Date Total</span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">“Regrettably, the gravity of this situation continues to mount with these new CWD positive discoveries, as well as with the full understanding of just how many other facilities and release sites across Texas were connected to the CWD positive sites in Uvalde and Hunt Counties,” said Carter Smith, Executive Director of TPWD.<br clear="none" /></span></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Greetings, i thought you all might need an update on the chronic wasting disease epidemic and the new data out on zoonosis cwd to humans there from, that i cannot talk about, made a promise not to print until peer review complete, don't want to muck that up. but you should be keen to Kong et al from CWRU on cwd zoonosis. he thinks it's already happened and is being mask as sporadic CJD, and his studies are showing this, very concerning i.e. MM1 sporadic cjd. be sure to see grant down below, towards bottom, that grant is complete, and we spoke recently about said findings...not good! these tse prion disease are mutating and spreading. we now have a new mad cow type disease in a new livestock species i.e. THE CAMEL, and it's a rather large outbreak in Africa. science now showing that CWD of cervid and Scrapie of sheep, will transmit to PIGS by oral routes. our mad cow feed ban is/was a joke, still is, and surveillance for BSE has failed terribly, now only testing roughly less than 20k a year, a joke. so, here's the full monty...kindest regards, terry</span><br clear="none" /><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv8011355264yqt4654262085" id="yiv8011355264yqt19291"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" />Subject: Texas CWD TSE Prion Discovered at Deer Breeding Facilities in Matagorda and Mason Counties With 228 Positive To Date Total<br clear="none" /><br clear="none" /></span><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small;">“Regrettably, the gravity of this situation continues to mount with these new CWD positive discoveries, as well as with the full understanding of just how many other facilities and release sites across Texas were connected to the CWD positive sites in Uvalde and Hunt Counties,” said Carter Smith, Executive Director of TPWD.</span><br clear="none" /><div><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv8011355264yqt0368571074" id="yiv8011355264yqt20793"><div style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"></span><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>For Immediate Release</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>May 14, 2021</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Chronic Wasting Disease Discovered at Deer Breeding Facilities in Matagorda and Mason Counties</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>AUSTIN, TX – Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) has been discovered in deer breeding facilities in both Matagorda and Mason counties. This marks the first positive detection of the disease in each county. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>An epidemiological investigation found that both deer breeding facilities had received deer from the Uvalde County premises confirmed positive with CWD on March 29, 2021. Postmortem tissue samples were submitted by the permitted deer breeders to assist Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) and Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) with the epidemiological investigation. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, Iowa, has since confirmed CWD in those tissue samples.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>TPWD and TAHC officials have taken immediate action to secure all cervids at the Matagorda County and Mason County deer breeding facilities and plan to conduct additional investigations for CWD. In addition, other breeding facilities and release sites that have received deer from these facilities or shipped deer to these facilities during the last five years have been contacted by TPWD and cannot move or release deer at this time.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>On March 31, 2021, TPWD and TAHC reported two CWD confirmations at breeding facilities in both Hunt and Uvalde counties. The Hunt facility underwent further DNA testing to confirm animal identification and origin, and on May 12 the DNA test results confirmed the deer’s connection to the premises.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>TPWD and TAHC continue to work together to determine the extent of the disease within all the affected facilities and evaluate risks to Texas’ free ranging deer populations. Quick detection of CWD can help mitigate the disease’s spread. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>“Regrettably, the gravity of this situation continues to mount with these new CWD positive discoveries, as well as with the full understanding of just how many other facilities and release sites across Texas were connected to the CWD positive sites in Uvalde and Hunt Counties,” said Carter Smith, Executive Director of TPWD. “Along with our partners at the Texas Animal Health Commission, we will continue to exercise great diligence and urgency with this ongoing investigation. Accelerating the testing at other exposed facilities will be critical in ensuring we are doing all we can to arrest the further spread of this disease, which poses great risks to our native deer populations, both captive and free-ranging alike.”</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>CWD was first recognized in the U.S. in 1967 and has since been documented in captive and/or free-ranging deer in 26 states and 3 Canadian provinces. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>In Texas, the disease was first discovered in 2012 in free-ranging mule deer along a remote area of the Hueco Mountains near the Texas-New Mexico border and has since been detected in 228 captive or free-ranging cervids, including white-tailed deer, mule deer, red deer and elk in 13 Texas counties. For more information on previous detections visit the CWD page on the TPWD website. CWD is a fatal neurological disease found in certain cervids, including deer, elk, moose and other members of the deer family. CWD is a slow and progressive disease. Due to a long incubation, cervids infected with CWD may not produce any visible signs for a number of years after becoming infected. As the disease progresses, animals with CWD show changes in behavior and appearance. Clinical signs may include, progressive weight loss, stumbling or tremors with a lack of coordination, excessive thirst, salivation or urination, loss of appetite, teeth grinding, abnormal head posture, and/or drooping ears. To date there is no evidence that CWD poses a risk to humans or non-cervids. However, as a precaution, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization recommend not to consume meat from infected animals. For more information about CWD, visit the TPWD web site or the TAHC web site.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>###</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://www.tahc.texas.gov/news/2021/2021-05-14_CWD.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.tahc.texas.gov/news/2021/2021-05-14_CWD.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>“Regrettably, the gravity of this situation continues to mount with these new CWD positive discoveries, as well as with the full understanding of just how many other facilities and release sites across Texas were connected to the CWD positive sites in Uvalde and Hunt Counties,” said Carter Smith, Executive Director of TPWD.<br clear="none" /></div></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Positives Mounting 224 To Date<br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">see the latest positives;</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">2021-04-27</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">Breeder Deer</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">Mason</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">Facility #10</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">White-tailed Deer</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">M</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">2.482191781</span><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>2021-04-27<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1.5</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-04-27<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1.5</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-04-20<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Matagorda<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #9<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>F<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1.5</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-03-29<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>F<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3.536986301</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-03-29<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2.178082192</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-03-29<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3.5</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-03-29<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1.545205479</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-03-29<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Uvalde<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2.482191781</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2021-03-29<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Breeder Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hunt<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facility #8<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White-tailed Deer<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>F<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2.482191781</div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/tracking/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/tracking/</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div><span style="color: #29303b;">THURSDAY, MAY 06, 2021 </span></div><div><span style="color: #29303b;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="color: #29303b;">Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Positives Mounting 224 To Date</span><br clear="none" /></div><div><span style="color: #29303b;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="color: #29303b;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div id="yiv8011355264"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></div></div></div></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">SUNDAY, MAY 23, 2021 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">TEXAS 267 DIFFERENT SITES HAVE RECEIVED DEER FROM AT LEAST ONE OF THE TWO RECENT CWD POSITIVE FACILITIES <br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/texas-267-different-sites-have-received.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/texas-267-different-sites-have-received.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2021/05/texas-267-different-sites-have-received.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2021/05/texas-267-different-sites-have-received.html</a></div></div></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;">***Moreover, sporadic disease has never been observed in breeding colonies or primate research laboratories, most notably among hundreds of animals over several decades of study at the National Institutes of Health25, and in nearly twenty older animals continuously housed in our own facility.***</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br clear="none" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"></span><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Even if the prevailing view is that sporadic CJD is due to the spontaneous formation of CJD prions, it remains possible that its apparent sporadic nature may, at least in part, result from our limited capacity to identify an environmental origin.</div></div><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://www..nature.com/articles/srep11573" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.22em;"></span></a><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep11573" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/srep11573</a></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"></span><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">O.05: Transmission of prions to primates after extended silent incubation periods: Implications for BSE and scrapie risk assessment in human populations </span></div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: monospace; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; white-space: pre;">
</span><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Emmanuel Comoy, Jacqueline Mikol, Valerie Durand, Sophie Luccantoni, Evelyne Correia, Nathalie Lescoutra, Capucine Dehen, and Jean-Philippe Deslys Atomic Energy Commission; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Prion diseases (PD) are the unique neurodegenerative proteinopathies reputed to be transmissible under field conditions since decades. The transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) to humans evidenced that an animal PD might be zoonotic under appropriate conditions. Contrarily, in the absence of obvious (epidemiological or experimental) elements supporting a transmission or genetic predispositions, PD, like the other proteinopathies, are reputed to occur spontaneously (atpical animal prion strains, sporadic CJD summing 80% of human prion cases). </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Non-human primate models provided the first evidences supporting the transmissibiity of human prion strains and the zoonotic potential of BSE. Among them, cynomolgus macaques brought major information for BSE risk assessment for human health (Chen, 2014), according to their phylogenetic proximity to humans and extended lifetime. We used this model to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal PD from bovine, ovine and cervid origins even after very long silent incubation periods. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** We recently observed the direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to macaque after a 10-year silent incubation period, </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***with features similar to some reported for human cases of sporadic CJD, albeit requiring fourfold long incubation than BSE. Scrapie, as recently evoked in humanized mice (Cassard, 2014), </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***is the third potentially zoonotic PD (with BSE and L-type BSE), </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">We will present an updated panorama of our different transmission studies and discuss the implications of such extended incubation periods on risk assessment of animal PD for human health. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">=============== </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases*** </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">=============== </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***our findings suggest that possible transmission risk of H-type BSE to sheep and human. Bioassay will be required to determine whether the PMCA products are infectious to these animals. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">============== </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.22em;"></span></a><a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf</a></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***Transmission data also revealed that several scrapie prions propagate in HuPrP-Tg mice with efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. While the efficiency of transmission at primary passage was low, subsequent passages resulted in a highly virulent prion disease in both Met129 and Val129 mice. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline..com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.22em;"></span></a><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20</a></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"> </span></div><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRION 2016 TOKYO</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Saturday, April 23, 2016</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 printl 1933-690X online</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Taylor & Francis</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Prion 2016 Animal Prion Disease Workshop Abstracts</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential</span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline..com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.22em;"></span></a><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20</a></span></div><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 1.22em;">Title: Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period) </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 1.22em;">*** In complement to the recent demonstration that humanized mice are susceptible to scrapie, we report here the first observation of direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to a macaque after a 10-year incubation period. Neuropathologic examination revealed all of the features of a prion disease: spongiform change, neuronal loss, and accumulation of PrPres throughout the CNS. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 1.22em;">*** This observation strengthens the questioning of the harmlessness of scrapie to humans, at a time when protective measures for human and animal health are being dismantled and reduced as c-BSE is considered controlled and being eradicated. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 1.22em;">*** Our results underscore the importance of precautionary and protective measures and the necessity for long-term experimental transmission studies to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal prion strains. </span><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="line-height: 1.22em;"></span></a><a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: purple; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160</a></span></div><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">snip...</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The successful transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie by natural feeding to squirrel monkeys that we have reported provides further grounds for concern that scrapie-infected meat may occasionally give rise in humans to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">PMID: 6997404</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether scrapie is transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the disease has been transmitted to primates. One particularly lurid speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the agents of scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible encephalopathy of mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed for human or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)" The problem is emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie produce lesions identical to the once which characterise the human dementias"</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action such as the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the scrapie problem urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer grievously.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">snip...</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">76/10.12/4.6</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC.</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972); doi:10.1038/236073a0</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton, Berkshire).</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wednesday, February 16, 2011</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">IN CONFIDENCE</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">IN CONFIDENCE</span></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #222222; font-size: small;"></span><div>reference...</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>RB3.20</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>1. Kuru and CJD have been successfully transmitted to chimpanzees but scrapie and TME have not.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>2. We cannot say that scrapie will not transmit to chimpanzees. There are several scrapie strains and I am not aware that all have been tried (that would have to be from mouse passaged material). Nor has a wide enough range of field isolates subsequently strain typed in mice been inoculated by the appropriate routes (i/c, ilp and i/v) :</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>3. I believe the proposed experiment to determine transmissibility, if conducted, would only show the susceptibility or resistance of the chimpanzee to infection/disease by the routes used and the result could not be interpreted for the predictability of the susceptibility for man. Proposals for prolonged oral exposure of chimpanzees to milk from cattle were suggested a long while ago and rejected.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>4. In view of Dr Gibbs' probable use of chimpazees Mr Wells' comments (enclosed) are pertinent. I have yet to receive a direct communication from Dr Schellekers but before any collaboration or provision of material we should identify the Gibbs' proposals and objectives.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severely would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>6. A negative result would take a lifetime to determine but that would be a shorter period than might be available for human exposure and it would still not answer the question regarding mans' susceptibility. In the meantime no doubt the negativity would be used defensively. It would however be counterproductive if the experiment finally became positive. We may learn more about public reactions following next Monday' s meeting.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>R. Bradley</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>23 September 1990</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>CVO (+Mr Wells' comments)</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Dr T W A Little</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Dr B J Shreeve</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>90/9.23/1.1.</div></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506041740/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506041740/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">IN CONFIDENCE CHIMPANZEES</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">CODE 18-77 Reference RB3.46</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Some further information that may assist in decision making has been gained by discussion with Dr Rosalind Ridley.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">She says that careful study of Gajdusek's work shows no increased susceptibility of chimpanzees over New World Monkeys such as Squirrel Monkeys. She does not think it would tell you anything about the susceptibility to man. Also Gajdusek did not, she believes, challenge chimpanzees with scrapie as severely as we did pigs and we know little of that source of scrapie. Comparisons would be difficult. She also would not expect the Home Office to sanction such experiments here unless there was a very clear and important objective that would be important for human health protection. She doubted such a case could be made. If this is the case she thought it would be unethical to do an experiment abroad because we could not do it in our own country.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Retrospectively she feels they should have put up more marmosets than they did. They all remain healthy. They would normally regard the transmission as negative if no disease resulted in five years.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">We are not being asked for a decision but I think that before we made one we should gain as much knowledge as we can. If we decided to proceed we would have to bear any criticisms for many years if there was an adverse view by scientists ormedia. This should not be undertaken lightly. There is already some adverse comment here, I gather, on the pig experiment though that will subside.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">The Gibbs' (as' distinct from Schellekers') study is somewhat different. We are merely supplying material for comparative studies in a laboratory with the greatest experience of human SEs in the world and it has been sanctioned by USDA (though we do not know for certain yet if chimpanzees specifically will be used). This would keep it at a lower profile than if we conducted such an experiment in the UK or Europe.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">I consider we must have very powerful and defendable objectives to go beyond Gibbs' proposed experiments and should not initiate others just because an offer has been made.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Scientists have a responsibility to seek other methods of investigative research other than animal experimentation. At present no objective has convinced me we need to do research using Chimpanzees - a species in need of protection. Resisting such proposals would enable us to communicate that information to the scientist and the public should the need arise. A line would have been drawn.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">CVO cc Dr T Dr B W A Little Dr B J Shreeve</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">R Bradley</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">26 September 1990</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">90/9.26/3.2</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506041605/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/26003001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506041605/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/26003001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">this is tse prion political theater here, i.e. what i call TSE PRION POKER...tss</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20031028205208/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/28002001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20031028205208/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/28002001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030822170317/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/11/01005001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20030822170317/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/11/01005001.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div>3. Prof. A. Robertson gave a brief account of BSE. The US approach was to accord it a very low profile indeed. Dr. A Thiermann showed the picture in the ''Independent'' with cattle being incinerated and thought this was a fanatical incident to be avoided in the US at all costs.<br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>snip...</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div>PAGE 26</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Transmission Studies</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Mule deer transmissions of CWD were by intracerebral inoculation and compared with natural cases {the following was written but with a single line marked through it ''first passage (by this route)}....TSS</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>resulted in a more rapidly progressive clinical disease with repeated episodes of synocopy ending in coma. One control animal became affected, it is believed through contamination of inoculum (?saline). Further CWD transmissions were carried out by Dick Marsh into ferret, mink and squirrel monkey. Transmission occurred in ALL of these species with the shortest incubation period in the ferret.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The occurrence of CWD must be viewed against the contest of the locations in which it occurred. It was an incidental and unwelcome complication of the respective wildlife research programmes. Despite its subsequent recognition as a new disease of cervids, therefore justifying direct investigation, no specific research funding was forthcoming. The USDA veiwed it as a wildlife problem and consequently not their province! ...page 26. <br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>snip...see;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>IN CONFIDENCE</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>PERCEPTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL SLOW VIRUS DISEASE OF ANIMALS IN THE USA</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>GAH WELLS</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>REPORT OF A VISIT TO THE USA</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>APRIL-MAY 1989</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506002237/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506002237/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div></div><div style="color: #222222; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">MONDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2019 <br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion aka mad cow type disease in cervid Zoonosis Update<br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">***> ''In particular the US data do not clearly exclude the possibility of human (sporadic or familial) TSE development due to consumption of venison. The Working Group thus recognizes a potential risk to consumers if a TSE would be present in European cervids.'' Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II) <***<br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">What if?<br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/12/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/12/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion.html</a></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;">FRIDAY, JULY 26, 2019 </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;">Chronic Wasting Disease in Cervids: Implications for Prion Transmission to Humans and Other Animal Species </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/07/chronic-wasting-disease-in-cervids.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/07/chronic-wasting-disease-in-cervids.html</a></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, APRIL 13, 2021 </div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Implications of farmed-cervid movements on the transmission of chronic wasting disease<br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/04/implications-of-farmed-cervid-movements.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/04/implications-of-farmed-cervid-movements.html</a></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">TROUBLING !!!</div><div dir="ltr" style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr"><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">SATURDAY, MAY 29, 2021</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">Second passage of chronic wasting disease of mule deer to sheep by intracranial inoculation compared to classical scrapie</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;">''Given the results of this study, current diagnostic techniques would be unlikely to distinguish CWD in sheep from scrapie in sheep if cross-species transmission occurred naturally.''</div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2021/05/second-passage-of-chronic-wasting.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2021/05/second-passage-of-chronic-wasting.html</a></div><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="color: #464545; font-size: 16px;"><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, MAY 11, 2021 </div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">A Unique Presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient Consuming Deer Antler Velvet<br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">snip...</div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Conclusion</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">We believe that our patient’s case of CJD is highly suspicious for cervid etiology given the circumstances of the case as well as the strong evidence of plausibility reported in published literature. This is the first known case of CJD in a patient who had consumed deer antler velvet. Despite the confirmed diagnosis of CJD, a causal relationship between the patient’s disease and his consumption of deer antler velvet cannot be definitively concluded.</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Supplemental data including molecular tissue sample analysis and autopsy findings could yield further supporting evidence. Given this patient’s clinical resemblance to CBD and the known histological similarities of CBD with CJD, clinicians should consider both diseases in the differential diagnosis of patients with a similarly esoteric presentation. Regardless of the origin of this patient’s disease, it is clear that the potential for prion transmission from cervids to humans should be further investigated by the academic community with considerable urgency. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="https://thescipub.com/pdf/ajidsp.2021.43.48.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://thescipub.com/pdf/ajidsp.2021.43.48.pdf</a></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div>full text and more;</div></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/a-unique-presentation-of-creutzfeldt.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2021/05/a-unique-presentation-of-creutzfeldt.html</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Saturday, May 1, 2021 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">***> Clinical Use of Improved Diagnostic Testing for Detection of Prion Disease <***<br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://prionprp.blogspot.com/2021/05/clinical-use-of-improved-diagnostic.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://prionprp.blogspot.com/2021/05/clinical-use-of-improved-diagnostic.html</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;">Thursday, June 3, 2021 </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;">CWD TSE PRION ZOONOSIS TRANSMISSION TO HUMANS BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION, iatrogenic CJD, WHAT IF?</span><br clear="none" /></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><a href="https://bloodprp.blogspot.com/2021/06/cwd-tse-prion-zoonosis-transmission-to.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bloodprp.blogspot.com/2021/06/cwd-tse-prion-zoonosis-transmission-to.html</a></span></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: the effect of oral exposure dose on attack rate and incubation period in cattle</div><div><br /></div><div>G. A. H. Wells,1 T. Konold,1 M. E. Arnold,1 A. R. Austin,1 3 S. A. C. Hawkins,1 M. Stack,1 M. M. Simmons,1 Y. H. Lee,2 D. Gavier-Wide´n,3 M. Dawson1 4 and J. W. Wilesmith1 1 Correspondence G. A. H. Wells</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="mailto:g.a.h.wells@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;">g.a.h.wells@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk</a></div><div><br /></div><div>1 Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK</div><div><br /></div><div>2 National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea</div><div><br /></div><div>3 National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden</div><div><br /></div><div>Received 27 July 2006</div><div><br /></div><div>Accepted 18 November 2006</div><div><br /></div><div>The dose–response of cattle exposed to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent is an important component of modelling exposure risks for animals and humans and thereby, the modulation of surveillance and control strategies for BSE. In two experiments calves were dosed orally with a range of amounts of a pool of brainstems from BSE-affected cattle. Infectivity in the pool was determined by end-point titration in mice. Recipient cattle were monitored for clinical disease and, from the incidence of pathologically confirmed cases and their incubation periods (IPs), the attack rate and IP distribution according to dose were estimated. The dose at which 50 % of cattle would be clinically affected was estimated at 0.20 g brain material used in the experiment, with 95 % confidence intervals of 0.04–1.00 g. The IP was highly variable across all dose groups and followed a log-normal distribution, with decreasing mean as dose increased. There was no evidence of a threshold dose at which the probability of infection became vanishingly small, with 1/15 (7 %) of animals affected at the lowest dose (1 mg).</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...</div><div><br /></div><div>DISCUSSION</div><div><br /></div><div>The study has demonstrated that disease in cattle can be produced by oral exposure to as little as 1 mg brain homogenate (¡100.4 RIII mouse i.c./i.p. ID50 units) from clinically affected field cases of BSE and that the limiting dose for infection of calves is lower than this exposure...</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...end</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jgv/88/4/1363.pdf?expires=1623186112&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=AE3A4C280431A05B70DE66DEC2E841B4" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jgv/88/4/1363.pdf?expires=1623186112&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=AE3A4C280431A05B70DE66DEC2E841B4</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82421-0#tab2" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.82421-0#tab2</a> </div><div><br /></div></div><div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">P04.27</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Experimental BSE Infection of Non-human Primates: Efficacy of the Oral Route</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Holznagel, E1; Yutzy, B1; Deslys, J-P2; Lasm�zas, C2; Pocchiari, M3; Ingrosso, L3; Bierke, P4; Schulz-Schaeffer, W5; Motzkus, D6; Hunsmann, G6; L�wer, J1 1Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany; 2Commissariat � l�Energie Atomique, France; 3Instituto Superiore di Sanit�, Italy; 4Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease control, Sweden; 5Georg August University, Germany; 6German Primate Center, Germany</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Background:</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">In 2001, a study was initiated in primates to assess the risk for humans to contract BSE through contaminated food. For this purpose, BSE brain was titrated in cynomolgus monkeys.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Aims:</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">The primary objective is the determination of the minimal infectious dose (MID50) for oral exposure to BSE in a simian model, and, by in doing this, to assess the risk for humans. Secondly, we aimed at examining the course of the disease to identify possible biomarkers.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Methods:</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Groups with six monkeys each were orally dosed with lowering amounts of BSE brain: 16g, 5g, 0.5g, 0.05g, and 0.005g. In a second titration study, animals were intracerebrally (i.c.) dosed (50, 5, 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 mg).</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Results:</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">In an ongoing study, a considerable number of high-dosed macaques already developed simian vCJD upon oral or intracerebral exposure or are at the onset of the clinical phase. However, there are differences in the clinical course between orally and intracerebrally infected animals that may influence the detection of biomarkers.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Conclusions:</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Simian vCJD can be easily triggered in cynomolgus monkeys on the oral route using less than 5 g BSE brain homogenate. The difference in the incubation period between 5 g oral and 5 mg i.c. is only 1 year (5 years versus 4 years). However, there are rapid progressors among orally dosed monkeys that develop simian vCJD as fast as intracerebrally inoculated animals.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">The work referenced was performed in partial fulfilment of the study �BSE in primates� supported by the EU (QLK1-2002-01096).</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://prionconference.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://prionconference.blogspot.com/</a><br /></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">look at the table and you'll see that as little as 1 mg (or 0.001 gm) caused 7% (1 of 14) of the cows to come down with BSE;</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Risk of oral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in primates</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Corinne Ida Lasm�zas, Emmanuel Comoy, Stephen Hawkins, Christian Herzog, Franck Mouthon, Timm Konold, Fr�d�ric Auvr�, Evelyne Correia, Nathalie Lescoutra-Etchegaray, Nicole Sal�s, Gerald Wells, Paul Brown, Jean-Philippe Deslys Summary The uncertain extent of human exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)--which can lead to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)--is compounded by incomplete knowledge about the efficiency of oral infection and the magnitude of any bovine-to-human biological barrier to transmission. We therefore investigated oral transmission of BSE to non-human primates. We gave two macaques a 5 g oral dose of brain homogenate from a BSE-infected cow. One macaque developed vCJD-like neurological disease 60 months after exposure, whereas the other remained free of disease at 76 months. On the basis of these findings and data from other studies, we made a preliminary estimate of the food exposure risk for man, which provides additional assurance that existing public health measures can prevent transmission of BSE to man.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">snip...</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">BSE bovine brain inoculum</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">100 g 10 g 5 g 1 g 100 mg 10 mg 1 mg 0�1 mg 0�01 mg</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Primate (oral route)* 1/2 (50%)</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Cattle (oral route)* 10/10 (100%) 7/9 (78%) 7/10 (70%) 3/15 (20%) 1/15 (7%) 1/15 (7%)</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">RIII mice (ic ip route)* 17/18 (94%) 15/17 (88%) 1/14 (7%)</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">PrPres biochemical detection</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">The comparison is made on the basis of calibration of the bovine inoculum used in our study with primates against a bovine brain inoculum with a similar PrPres concentration that was</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">inoculated into mice and cattle.8 *Data are number of animals positive/number of animals surviving at the time of clinical onset of disease in the first positive animal (%). The accuracy of</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">bioassays is generally judged to be about plus or minus 1 log. ic ip=intracerebral and int****ritoneal.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Table 1: Comparison of transmission rates in primates and cattle infected orally with similar BSE brain inocula</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">Published online January 27, 2005</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journal/journal.isa" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.thelancet.com/journal/journal.isa</a></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">It is clear that the designing scientists must</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">also have shared Mr Bradley's surprise at the results because all the dose</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">levels right down to 1 gram triggered infection.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506002904/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s145d.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506002904/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s145d.pdf</a></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;">6. It also appears to me that Mr Bradley's answer (that it would take less than say 100 grams) was probably given with the benefit of hindsight; particularly if one considers that later in the same answer Mr Bradley expresses his surprise that it could take as little of 1 gram of brain to cause BSE by the oral route within the same species. This information did not become available until the "attack rate" experiment had been completed in 1995/96. This was a titration experiment designed to ascertain the infective dose. A range of dosages was used to ensure that the actual result was within both a lower and an upper limit within the study and the designing scientists would not have expected all the dose levels to trigger infection. The dose ranges chosen by the most informed scientists at that time ranged from 1 gram to three times one hundred grams. It is clear that the designing scientists must have also shared Mr Bradley's surprise at the results because all the dose levels right down to 1 gram triggered infection.</span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202020; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090506004507/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s147f.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090506004507/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s147f.pdf</a></span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>RESEARCH ARTICLE</div><div><br /></div><div>Very low oral exposure to prions of brain or saliva origin can transmit chronic wasting disease</div><div><br /></div><div>Nathaniel D. Denkers1☯, Clare E. Hoover2☯, Kristen A. DavenportID3, Davin M. Henderson1, Erin E. McNultyID1, Amy V. Nalls1, Candace K. Mathiason1, Edward A. HooverID1*</div><div><br /></div><div>1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 2 AstraZeneca Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * <a href="mailto:Edward.hoover@colostate.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;">Edward.hoover@colostate.edu</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /></div><div>The minimum infectious dose required to induce CWD infection in cervids remains unknown, as does whether peripherally shed prions and/or multiple low dose exposures are important factors in CWD transmission. With the goal of better understand CWD infection in nature, we studied oral exposures of deer to very low doses of CWD prions and also examined whether the frequency of exposure or prion source may influence infection and pathogene- sis. We orally inoculated white-tailed deer with either single or multiple divided doses of pri- ons of brain or saliva origin and monitored infection by serial longitudinal tissue biopsies spanning over two years. We report that oral exposure to as little as 300 nanograms (ng) of CWD-positive brain or to saliva containing seeding activity equivalent to 300 ng of CWD- positive brain, were sufficient to transmit CWD disease. This was true whether the inoculum was administered as a single bolus or divided as three weekly 100 ng exposures. However, when the 300 ng total dose was apportioned as 10, 30 ng doses delivered over 12 weeks, no infection occurred. While low-dose exposures to prions of brain or saliva origin prolonged the time from inoculation to first detection of infection, once infection was established, we observed no differences in disease pathogenesis. These studies suggest that the CWD min- imum infectious dose approximates 100 to 300 ng CWD-positive brain (or saliva equivalent), and that CWD infection appears to conform more with a threshold than a cumulative dose dynamic.</div><div><br /></div><div>Snip...</div><div><br /></div><div>Discussion</div><div><br /></div><div>As CWD expands across North America and Scandinavia, how this disease is transmitted so efficiently remains unclear, given the low concentrations of prions shed in secretions and excretions [13, 14]. The present studies demonstrated that a single oral exposure to as little as 300nmg of CWD-positive brain or equivalent saliva can initiate infection in 100% of exposed white-tailed deer. However, distributing this dose as 10, 30 ng exposures failed to induce infec- tion. Overall, these results suggest that the minimum oral infectious exposure approaches 100 to 300 ng of CWD-positive brain equivalent. These dynamics also invite speculation as to whether potential infection co-factors, such as particle binding [46, 47] or compromises in mucosal integrity may influence infection susceptibility, as suggested from two studies in rodent models [48, 49].</div><div><br /></div><div>Few studies in rodent models have explored oral infection with murine or hamster adapted scrapie by assessing the same total dose administered as a single bolus vs. the same bolus divided into fractional, sequential exposures [50–52]. The results reported by Diringer et al. [50] and Jacquemot et al. [52] have indicated that divided-dose exposures were as effective as a single bolus only if the interval between doses was short (1–2 days). In deer, we likewise found that when a total dose of 300 ng of brain was administered as 10 doses divided doses over 12 weeks this exposure failed to induce CWD infection, whereas three weekly 100 ng doses (300 ng total) induced infection. While this latter outcome may have involved an additive dynamic, we cannot exclude that a dose 100 ng alone also may have been sufficient to establish infection. Our conclusions here are unfortunately limited by the absence of a single 100 ng dose group. Additional experiments are needed to further directly compare single vs. divided exposures to strengthen the tenet that establishment of CWD infection is more a threshold than cumulative dose phenomenon.</div><div><br /></div><div>We also sought to examine a relatively unexamined possibility that prions emanating from different tissues and/or cells may possess different capacities to establish infections by mucosal routes. Our results indicated that brain and saliva inocula containing similar levels of prion seeding activity, also had similar infectivity, which did not support our hypothesis that saliva prions may be more infectious by mucosal routes. There are of course, several caveats bearing on this conclusion. These could include: the inherent limits in using an in vitro seeding assay as a surrogate to equate in vivo infectivity, the likelihood that small differences in prion suscep- tibility among deer may be more significant at very low exposure doses, and the greater varia- tion of inoculum uptake and routing through mucosal surfaces associated with the oral route of exposure.</div><div><br /></div><div>The chief correlate we observed between magnitude of infectious dose and disease course was in time from exposure to first detected amplification of prions in tonsil, an event which is closely followed by or concurrent with detection in pharyngeal lymph nodes [41]. Once a threshold dose was established, the subsequent pathogenesis of infection and disease appeared to vary little.</div><div><br /></div><div>In addition to potential cofactors that could influence CWD infectivity, such as particle binding [47] and compromised mucosal integrity [48, 53], there is PRNP genotype, in which polymorphisms at codon 96 of the white-tailed deer are known to affect the temporal dynam- ics of CWD infections [23, 41, 45]. In the present studies, most cohorts of 96GG deer became CWD-positive before 96GS animals in the same exposure group [cohorts 1, 2, 4, 6]. Thus, the low dose studies are consistent with the current concept of delayed conversion rate in PRNP 96GS vs. 96GG white-tailed deer [44].</div><div><br /></div><div>In conclusion, we have attempted to model and better understand CWD infection relative to natural exposure. The results demonstrate: (a) that the minimum CWD oral infectious dose is vastly lower than historical studies used to establish infection; (b) that a direct relationship exists between dose and incubation time to first prion replication detection in tonsils, irrespec- tive of genotype; (c) that a difference was not discernible between brain vs. saliva source prions in ability to establish infection or in resultant disease course; and (d) that the CWD infection process appears to conform more to a threshold dose than an accumulative dose dynamic.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7446902/pdf/pone.0237410.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7446902/pdf/pone.0237410.pdf</a><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>FDA Reports on VFD Compliance</div><div><br /></div><div>John Maday</div><div><br /></div><div>August 30, 2019 09:46 AM VFD-Form 007 (640x427)</div><div><br /></div><div>Before and after the current Veterinary Feed Directive rules took full effect in January, 2017, the FDA focused primarily on education and outreach. ( John Maday )</div><div><br /></div><div>Before and after the current Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) rules took full effect in January, 2017, the FDA focused primarily on education and outreach to help feed mills, veterinarians and producers understand and comply with the requirements. Since then, FDA has gradually increased the number of VFD inspections and initiated enforcement actions when necessary.</div><div><br /></div><div>On August 29, FDA released its first report on inspection and compliance activities. The report, titled “Summary Assessment of Veterinary Feed Directive Compliance Activities Conducted in Fiscal Years 2016 – 2018,” is available online.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Overall, the FDA reports a high level of compliance across the affected livestock-industry sectors.</div><div><br /></div><div>In fiscal year 2016, FDA began a small, three-part pilot inspection program that began with inspectors visiting feed distributors to review randomly selected VFD documents. The inspectors then selected one VFD at the distributor and conducted further inspections of the veterinarian and producer (client) named on that VFD.</div><div><br /></div><div>In fiscal years 2017 and 2018, FDA continued those three-part inspections and expanded the program to include state feed regulatory partners. In fiscal year 2017, state personnel inspected VFD distributors and reviewed selected VFDs for compliance with the requirements. In 2018, those state inspectors began conducting three-part inspections, similar to those conducted by the FDA investigators. With state inspectors contributing, the number of VFD inspections increased from 57 in 2016 to 130 in 2017 and 269 during 2018.</div><div><br /></div><div>Of the 269 inspections during 2018, 230 required no action, 38 indicated voluntary action and just one indicated official enforcement action.</div><div><br /></div><div>Key findings in the report include:</div><div><br /></div><div>Distributors (2018)</div><div><br /></div><div>Distributor had notified FDA of their intent to distribute VFD feeds -- 94.8%</div><div><br /></div><div>Distributors who distributed a VFD feed that complied with the terms of the VFD -- 91.5%</div><div><br /></div><div>Distributors who manufacture VFD feed: Drug inventory or production records showed the correct amount of drug was added to the feed for the VFD reviewed -- 96.7%</div><div><br /></div><div>Distributors who manufacture VFD feed: Labels and formulas matched the VFD reviewed -- 91.0%</div><div><br /></div><div>Distributor’s VFD feed labels contained the VFD caution statement -- 77.2%</div><div><br /></div><div>Veterinarians</div><div><br /></div><div>Veterinarians had an active license in the state where the VFD feed authorized on the VFD order(s) is being fed -- 100%</div><div><br /></div><div>VFDs included veterinarians’ electronic or written signature -- 98.6%</div><div><br /></div><div>VFDs included the withdrawal time, special instructions, and/or cautionary statements -- 95.3%</div><div><br /></div><div>Producers</div><div><br /></div><div>Client did not feed VFD feed beyond the expiration date on the VFD -- 100%</div><div><br /></div><div>Client fed VFD feed to the animals authorized on the VFD (number, species, and/or production class) -- 100%</div><div><br /></div><div>Client fed VFD feed for the duration identified on the VFD -- 100%</div><div><br /></div><div>Client complied with the special instructions on the VFD -- 100%</div><div><br /></div><div>FDA issued just one warning letter following inspections during fiscal year 2018, for a feed mill that “adulterated and misbranded VFD feed by distributing VFD feed to other distributors without first receiving an acknowledgment letter, in addition to adulterating and misbranding medicated and non-medicated feed for other reasons.”</div><div><br /></div><div>In its report, FDA reminds stakeholders that VFD medicated feeds must be used in according to the approved conditions of use and must be under the oversight of a licensed veterinarian and consistent with a lawful VFD order. The agency intends to continue monitoring compliance, and to provide education, but FDA will also use enforcement strategies when voluntary compliance with the VFD final rule requirements is not achieved.</div><div><br /></div><div>See the full summary report from FDA.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>For more on the VFD rules and compliance, see these articles from <a href="http://bovinevetonline.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">BovineVetOnline.com</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>VFD Audits: What to Expect</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/vfd-audits-what-expect-0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/vfd-audits-what-expect-0</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>VFD Audits: Start with the Feed Distributor</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/vfd-audits-start-feed-distributor" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/vfd-audits-start-feed-distributor</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>FDA Draft Guidance Updates VFD Q&A</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/fda-draft-guidance-updates-vfd-qa" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/fda-draft-guidance-updates-vfd-qa</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/fda-reports-vfd-compliance?fbclid=IwAR3ejswwNoiWH7sVww_gEwiFcyoG7MzI2iZUMPU9wHK3OJKXpdy4di5A4dk" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.bovinevetonline.com/article/fda-reports-vfd-compliance?fbclid=IwAR3ejswwNoiWH7sVww_gEwiFcyoG7MzI2iZUMPU9wHK3OJKXpdy4di5A4dk</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20201222181302/https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20201222181302/https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20190912060441/https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20190912060441/https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20191217045515/https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20191217045515/https://www.fda.gov/media/130382/download</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/09/fda-reports-on-vfd-compliance.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/09/fda-reports-on-vfd-compliance.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>***>''Before and after the current Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) rules took full effect in January, 2017, the FDA focused primarily on education and outreach to help feed mills, veterinarians and producers understand and comply with the requirements.''<***</div><div><br /></div><div>THE USA Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) of August 1997 was/is a colossal failure. it was nothing but ink on paper. </div><div><br /></div><div>But worse yet, recent science has shown that cwd tse prion will transmit to pigs by ORAL routes, and now science shows that scrapie tse prion will also transmit to pigs by oral route. Terrible news...</div><div><br /></div><div>cattle, pigs, sheep, cwd, tse, prion, oh my!</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Title: Disease-associated prion protein detected in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the agent of chronic wasting disease </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Author item MOORE, SARAH - Orise Fellow item Kunkle, Robert item KONDRU, NAVEEN - Iowa State University item MANNE, SIREESHA - Iowa State University item SMITH, JODI - Iowa State University item KANTHASAMY, ANUMANTHA - Iowa State University item WEST GREENLEE, M - Iowa State University item Greenlee, Justin Submitted to: Prion Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: 3/15/2017 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary:</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Technical Abstract: Aims: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally-occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. We previously demonstrated that disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) can be detected in the brain and retina from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent. In that study, neurological signs consistent with prion disease were observed only in one pig: an intracranially challenged pig that was euthanized at 64 months post-challenge. The purpose of this study was to use an antigen-capture immunoassay (EIA) and real-time quaking-induced conversion (QuIC) to determine whether PrPSc is present in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the CWD agent. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Methods: At two months of age, crossbred pigs were challenged by the intracranial route (n=20), oral route (n=19), or were left unchallenged (n=9). At approximately 6 months of age, the time at which commercial pigs reach market weight, half of the pigs in each group were culled (<6 month challenge groups). The remaining pigs (>6 month challenge groups) were allowed to incubate for up to 73 months post challenge (mpc). The retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) was screened for the presence of PrPSc by EIA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The RPLN, palatine tonsil, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) from 6-7 pigs per challenge group were also tested using EIA and QuIC. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Results: PrPSc was not detected by EIA and IHC in any RPLNs. All tonsils and MLNs were negative by IHC, though the MLN from one pig in the oral <6 month group was positive by EIA. PrPSc was detected by QuIC in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined in 5/6 pigs in the intracranial <6 months group, 6/7 intracranial >6 months group, 5/6 pigs in the oral <6 months group, and 4/6 oral >6 months group. Overall, the MLN was positive in 14/19 (74%) of samples examined, the RPLN in 8/18 (44%), and the tonsil in 10/25 (40%). </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=326166" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=326166</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Research Project: Pathobiology, Genetics, and Detection of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Location: Virus and Prion Research</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Title: The agent of chronic wasting disease from pigs is infectious in transgenic mice expressing human PRNP </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Author item MOORE, S - Orise Fellow item Kokemuller, Robyn item WEST-GREENLEE, M - Iowa State University item BALKEMA-BUSCHMANN, ANNE - Friedrich-Loeffler-institut item GROSCHUP, MARTIN - Friedrich-Loeffler-institut item Greenlee, Justin Submitted to: Prion Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: 5/10/2018 Publication Date: 5/22/2018 Citation: Moore, S.J., Kokemuller, R.D., West-Greenlee, M.H., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Groschup, M.H., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. The agent of chronic wasting disease from pigs is infectious in transgenic mice expressing human PRNP. Prion 2018, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, May 22-25, 2018. Paper No. WA15, page 44.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Interpretive Summary:</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Technical Abstract: We have previously shown that the chronic wasting disease (CWD) agent from white-tailed deer can be transmitted to domestic pigs via intracranial or oral inoculation although with low attack rates and restricted PrPSc accumulation. The objective of this study was to assess the potential for cross-species transmission of pig-passaged CWD using bioassay in transgenic mice. Transgenic mice expressing human (Tg40), bovine (TgBovXV) or porcine (Tg002) PRNP were inoculated intracranially with 1% brain homogenate from a pig that had been intracranially inoculated with a pool of CWD from white-tailed deer. This pig developed neurological clinical signs, was euthanized at 64 months post-inoculation, and PrPSc was detected in the brain. Mice were monitored daily for clinical signs of disease until the end of the study. Mice were considered positive if PrPSc was detected in the brain using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In transgenic mice expressing porcine prion protein the average incubation period was 167 days post-inoculation (dpi) and 3/27 mice were EIA positive (attack rate = 11%). All 3 mice were found dead and clinical signs were not noted prior to death. One transgenic mouse expressing bovine prion protein was euthanized due to excessive scratching at 617 dpi and 2 mice culled at the end of the study at 700 dpi were EIA positive resulting in an overall attack rate of 3/16 (19%). None of the transgenic mice expressing human prion protein that died or were euthanized up to 769 dpi were EIA positive and at study end point at 800 dpi 2 mice had positive EIA results (overall attack rate = 2/20 = 10%). The EIA optical density (OD) readings for all positive mice were at the lower end of the reference range (positive mice range, OD = 0.266-0.438; test positive reference range, OD = 0.250-4.000). To the authors’ knowledge, cervid-derived CWD isolates have not been successfully transmitted to transgenic mice expressing human prion protein. The successful transmission of pig-passaged CWD to Tg40 mice reported here suggests that passage of the CWD agent through pigs results in a change of the transmission characteristics which reduces the transmission barrier of Tg40 mice to the CWD agent. If this biological behavior is recapitulated in the original host species, passage of the CWD agent through pigs could potentially lead to increased pathogenicity of the CWD agent in humans.</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=353091" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=353091</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">cwd scrapie pigs oral routes </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">***> However, at 51 months of incubation or greater, 5 animals were positive by one or more diagnostic methods. Furthermore, positive bioassay results were obtained from all inoculated groups (oral and intracranial; market weight and end of study) suggesting that swine are potential hosts for the agent of scrapie. <*** </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">>*** Although the current U.S. feed ban is based on keeping tissues from TSE infected cattle from contaminating animal feed, swine rations in the U.S. could contain animal derived components including materials from scrapie infected sheep and goats. These results indicating the susceptibility of pigs to sheep scrapie, coupled with the limitations of the current feed ban, indicates that a revision of the feed ban may be necessary to protect swine production and potentially human health. <*** </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">***> Results: PrPSc was not detected by EIA and IHC in any RPLNs. All tonsils and MLNs were negative by IHC, though the MLN from one pig in the oral <6 month group was positive by EIA. PrPSc was detected by QuIC in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined in 5/6 pigs in the intracranial <6 months group, 6/7 intracranial >6 months group, 5/6 pigs in the oral <6 months group, and 4/6 oral >6 months group. Overall, the MLN was positive in 14/19 (74%) of samples examined, the RPLN in 8/18 (44%), and the tonsil in 10/25 (40%). </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">***> Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge. CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease. Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=353091" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=353091</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project/?accnNo=432011&fy=2017" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project/?accnNo=432011&fy=2017</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>America BSE 589.2001 FEED REGULATIONS, BSE SURVEILLANCE, BSE TESTING, and CJD TSE Prion</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>so far, we have been lucky. to date, with the science at hand, no cwd transmitted to cattle, that has been documented, TO DATE, WITH THE SCIENCE AT HAND, it's not to say it has not already happened, just like with zoonosis of cwd i.e. molecular transmission studies have shown that cwd transmission to humans would look like sporadic cjd, NOT nvCJD or what they call now vCJD. the other thing is virulence and or horizontal transmission. this is very concerning with the recent fact of what seems to be a large outbreak of a new tse prion disease in camels in Africa. there is much concern now with hay, straw, grains, and such, with the cwd tse prion endemic countries USA, Canada. what is of greatest concern is the different strains of cwd, and the virulence there from? this thing (cwd) keeps mutating to different strains, and to different species, the bigger the chance of one of these strains that WILL TRANSMIT TO CATTLE OR HUMANS, and that it is documented (i believe both has already occured imo with scienct to date). with that said, a few things to ponder, and i am still very concerned with, the animal feed. we now know from transmission studies that cwd and scrapie will transmit to pigs by oral routes. the atypical bse strains will transmit by oral routes. i don't mean to keep kicking a mad cow, just look at the science; </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>***> cattle, pigs, sheep, cwd, tse, prion, oh my! </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>***> In contrast, cattle are highly susceptible to white-tailed deer CWD and mule deer CWD in experimental conditions but no natural CWD infections in cattle have been reported (Sigurdson, 2008; Hamir et al., 2006). </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Sheep and cattle may be exposed to CWD via common grazing areas with affected deer but so far, appear to be poorly susceptible to mule deer CWD (Sigurdson, 2008). In contrast, cattle are highly susceptible to white-tailed deer CWD and mule deer CWD in experimental conditions but no natural CWD infections in cattle have been reported (Sigurdson, 2008; Hamir et al., 2006). It is not known how susceptible humans are to CWD but given that the prion can be present in muscle, it is likely that humans have been exposed to the agent via consumption of venison (Sigurdson, 2008). Initial experimental research suggests that human susceptibility to CWD is low and there may be a robust species barrier for CWD transmission to humans (Sigurdson, 2008), however the risk appetite for a public health threat may still find this level unacceptable. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733407/DEFRA_QRA_TSE_in_cervids_June2018_v1.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733407/DEFRA_QRA_TSE_in_cervids_June2018_v1.pdf</a> </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/08/susceptibility-of-cattle-to-agent-of.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/08/susceptibility-of-cattle-to-agent-of.html</a> </div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div class="yiv5592606420aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="background-color: whitesmoke; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white;"><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-size: small;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 13.3333px;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Friday, December 14, 2012 </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012 </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">snip..... </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin) from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law. Animals considered at high risk for CWD include: </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones and </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk protein is imported into GB. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these products.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">snip..... </span><br clear="none" /></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011). The clinical signs of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and behavioural changes that can span weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition, signs might include excessive salivation, behavioural alterations including a fixed stare and changes in interaction with other animals in the herd, and an altered stance (Williams, 2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Given this, if CWD was to be introduced into countries with BSE such as GB, for example, infected deer populations would need to be tested to differentiate if they were infected with CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the human food-chain via affected venison. snip..... The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008). </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">snip..... </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with CWD prion. snip..... In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing, footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible... For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with these estimates. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">snip..... </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists and returning GB residents. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">s</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">nip..... </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404125557/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130822084033/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170404125557/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130822084033/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf</a><br clear="none" /></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 2017 </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;">*** EXTREME USA FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED LOOP HOLE STILL EXIST, AND PRICE OF POKER GOES UP *** </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><a href="http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2017/04/extreme-usa-fda-part-589-tse-prion-feed.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2017/04/extreme-usa-fda-part-589-tse-prion-feed.html</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2019 </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Veterinary Biologics Guideline 3.32E: Guideline for minimising the risk of introducing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy prions and other infectious agents through veterinary biologics<br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/09/veterinary-biologics-guideline-332e.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/09/veterinary-biologics-guideline-332e.html</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">U.S.A. 50 STATE BSE MAD COW CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">Subject: BSE--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2001 16:49:00 -0800</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">To: <a href="mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de">BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">snip...</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[host Richard Barns] and now a question from Terry S. Singeltary of CJD Watch.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[TSS] yes, thank you, U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds?</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[no answer, you could hear in the back ground, mumbling and 'we can't. have him ask the question again.]</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[host Richard] could you repeat the question?</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[TSS] U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds?</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[not sure whom ask this] what group are you with?</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[TSS] CJD Watch, my Mom died from hvCJD and we are tracking CJD world-wide.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[not sure who is speaking] could you please disconnect Mr. Singeltary</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[TSS] you are not going to answer my question?</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">[not sure whom speaking] NO</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">snip...see full archive and more of this;</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=56309245-0a71f6f2-56325e8f-002590f4ce32-f388444e395b325d&q=1&e=eaae77dc-9ea7-4996-b8cd-e6a0b004c974&u=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.proofpoint.com%2Fv2%2Furl%3Fu%3Dhttp-3A__tseac.blogspot.com_2011_02_usa-2D50-2Dstate-2Dbse-2Dmad-2Dcow-2Dconference.html%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DGSntNbUav5AC0JJIyPOufmfQT3u3zI7UKdoVzPd-7og%26r%3DWUkrqFfyTINKdEKan1fw3ykVVZIC_CPt4oXXzPtT-cw%26m%3DPZ-nUcomhuQHG7d2Ik9AWSDfvzWvkaGQjLOa4gBnbo4%26s%3Dx2cnB1oAu0wlCoSkJw2E9RyLDr40LMuYR6jLH3CFP7M%26e%3D" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/usa-50-state-bse-mad-cow-conference.html</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><h3 class="yiv5592606420post-title yiv5592606420entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #1b0431; font-size: 18.2px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism: </h3><h3 class="yiv5592606420post-title yiv5592606420entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #1b0431; font-size: 18.2px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></h3><h3 class="yiv5592606420post-title yiv5592606420entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #1b0431; font-size: 18.2px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">clinical and pathologic features in wild-type and E211K cattle following intracranial inoculation</h3><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div class="yiv5592606420post-header" style="background-color: #fff3db; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;"><div class="yiv5592606420post-header-line-1" style="line-height: 1.22em;"></div></div><div class="yiv5592606420post-body yiv5592606420entry-content" id="yiv5592606420post-body-8091054476622959524" style="background-color: #fff3db; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism: clinical and pathologic features in wild-type and E211K cattle following intracranial inoculation</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Title: H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism: clinical and pathologic features in wild-type and E211K cattle following intracranial inoculation</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Authors</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">item Moore, Sarah - item West Greenlee, Mary - item Smith, Jodi item Nicholson, Eric item Vrentas, Catherine item Greenlee, Justin</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Submitted to: Prion</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Publication Type: Abstract Only</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Publication Acceptance Date: August 12, 2015</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Publication Date: May 25, 2015</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Citation: Moore, S.J., West Greenlee, M.H., Smith, J., Nicholson, E., Vrentas, C., Greenlee, J. 2015. H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism: clinical and pathologic features in wild-type and E211K cattle following intracranial inoculation. Prion 2015. p. S5.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Technical Abstract: In 2006 an H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) case was reported in an animal with an unusual polymorphism (E211K) in the prion protein gene. Although the prevalence of this polymorphism is low, cattle carrying the K211 allele are predisposed to rapid onset of H-type BSE when exposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotype of this BSE strain in wild-type (E211E) and E211K heterozygous cattle. One calf carrying the wild-type allele and one E211K calf were inoculated intracranially with H-type BSE brain homogenate from the US 2006 case that also carried one K211 allelle. In addition, one wild-type calf and one E211K calf were inoculated intracranially with brain homogenate from a US 2003 classical BSE case. All animals succumbed to clinical disease. Survival times for E211K H-type BSE inoculated catttle (10 and 18 months) were shorter than the classical BSE inoculated cattle (both 26 months). Significant changes in retinal function were observed in H-type BSE challenged cattle only. Animals challenged with the same inoculum showed similar severity and neuroanatomical distribution of vacuolation and disease-associated prion protein deposition in the brain, though differences in neuropathology were observed between E211K H-type BSE and classical BSE inoculated animals. Western blot results for brain tissue from challenged animals were consistent with the inoculum strains. This study demonstrates that the phenotype of E211K H-type BSE remains stable when transmitted to cattle without the E211K polymorphism, and exhibits a number of features that differ from classical BSE in both wild-type and E211K cattle.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313915" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: #956839; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313915</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** All animals succumbed to clinical disease. Survival times for E211K H-type BSE inoculated catttle (10 and 18 months) were shorter than the classical BSE inoculated cattle (both 26 months). ***</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">-------- Original Message --------</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: re-BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 10:23:43 -0000</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">From: "Asante, Emmanuel A" <a href="mailto:e.asante@ic.ac.uk" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:e.asante@ic.ac.uk">e.asante@ic.ac.uk</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">To: "'<a href="mailto:flounder@wt.net" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:flounder@wt.net">flounder@wt.net</a>'" <a href="mailto:flounder@wt.net" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:flounder@wt.net">flounder@wt.net</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Dear Terry,</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">I have been asked by Professor Collinge to respond to your request. I am a Senior Scientist in the MRC Prion Unit and the lead author on the paper. I have attached a pdf copy of the paper for your attention.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Thank you for your interest in the paper.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">In respect of your first question, the simple answer is, ***yes. As you will find in the paper, we have managed to associate the alternate phenotype to type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. It is too early to be able to claim any further sub-classification in respect of Heidenhain variant CJD or Vicky Rimmer's version. It will take further studies, which are on-going, to establish if there are sub-types to our initial finding which we are now reporting. The main point of the paper is that, as well as leading to the expected new variant CJD phenotype, BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype which is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">I hope reading the paper will enlighten you more on the subject. If I can be of any further assistance please to not hesitate to ask. Best wishes..</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Emmanuel Asante</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">< ></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">____________________________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Dr. Emmanuel A Asante MRC Prion Unit & Neurogenetics Dept. Imperial College School of Medicine (St. Mary's) Norfolk Place, LONDON W2 1PG Tel: +44 (0)20 7594 3794 Fax: +44 (0)20 7706 3272 email: <a href="mailto:e.asante@ic.ac" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:e.asante@ic.ac">e.asante@ic.ac</a>..uk (until 9/12/02) New e-mail: <a href="mailto:e.asante@prion.ucl.ac.uk" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:e.asante@prion.ucl.ac.uk">e.asante@prion.ucl.ac.uk</a> (active from now)</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">_________end...TSS___________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">***Our study demonstrates susceptibility of adult cattle to oral transmission of classical BSE. ***</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">***our findings suggest that possible transmission risk of H-type BSE to sheep and human. ***</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">P.86: Estimating the risk of transmission of BSE and scrapie to ruminants and humans by protein misfolding cyclic amplification</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Morikazu Imamura, Naoko Tabeta, Yoshifumi Iwamaru, and Yuichi Murayama National Institute of Animal Health; Tsukuba, Japan</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">To assess the risk of the transmission of ruminant prions to ruminants and humans at the molecular level, we investigated the ability of abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) of typical and atypical BSEs (L-type and H-type) and typical scrapie to convert normal prion protein (PrPC) from bovine, ovine, and human to proteinase K-resistant PrPSc-like form (PrPres) using serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA).</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Six rounds of serial PMCA was performed using 10% brain homogenates from transgenic mice expressing bovine, ovine or human PrPC in combination with PrPSc seed from typical and atypical BSE- or typical scrapie-infected brain homogenates from native host species. In the conventional PMCA, the conversion of PrPC to PrPres was observed only when the species of PrPC source and PrPSc seed matched. However, in the PMCA with supplements (digitonin, synthetic polyA and heparin), both bovine and ovine PrPC were converted by PrPSc from all tested prion strains. On the other hand, human PrPC was converted by PrPSc from typical and H-type BSE in this PMCA condition.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Although these results were not compatible with the previous reports describing the lack of transmissibility of H-type BSE to ovine and human transgenic mice, ***our findings suggest that possible transmission risk of H-type BSE to sheep and human. Bioassay will be required to determine whether the PMCA products are infectious to these animals.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">================</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: #956839; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/programguide1.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: #956839; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/programguide1.pdf</a></div></div></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">2.3.2. New evidence on the zoonotic potential of atypical BSE and atypical scrapie prion strains<br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">PLEASE NOTE;</span><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">2.3.2. New evidence on the zoonotic potential of atypical BSE and atypical scrapie prion strains</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">Olivier Andreoletti, INRA Research Director, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), invited speaker, presented the results of two recently published scientific articles of interest, of which he is co-author: ‘Radical Change in Zoonotic Abilities of Atypical BSE Prion Strains as Evidenced by Crossing of Sheep Species Barrier in Transgenic Mice’ (MarinMoreno et al., 2020) and ‘The emergence of classical BSE from atypical/Nor98 scrapie’ (Huor et al., 2019).</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;">In the first experimental study, H-type and L-type BSE were inoculated into transgenic mice expressing all three genotypes of the human PRNP at codon 129 and into adapted into ARQ and VRQ transgenic sheep mice. The results showed the alterations of the capacities to cross the human barrier species (mouse model) and emergence of sporadic CJD agents in Hu PrP expressing mice: type 2 sCJD in homozygous TgVal129 VRQ-passaged L-BSE, and type 1 sCJD in homozygous TgVal 129 and TgMet129 VRQ-passaged H-BSE.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1946" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1946</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***> P.108: Successful oral challenge of adult cattle with classical BSE</span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Sandor Dudas1,*, Kristina Santiago-Mateo1, Tammy Pickles1, Catherine Graham2, and Stefanie Czub1 1Canadian Food Inspection Agency; NCAD Lethbridge; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; 2Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture; Pathology Laboratory; Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada</span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Classical Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-type BSE) is a feed- and food-borne fatal neurological disease which can be orally transmitted to cattle and humans. Due to the presence of contaminated milk replacer, it is generally assumed that cattle become infected early in life as calves and then succumb to disease as adults. Here we challenged three 14 months old cattle per-orally with 100 grams of C-type BSE brain to investigate age-related susceptibility or resistance. During incubation, the animals were sampled monthly for blood and feces and subjected to standardized testing to identify changes related to neurological disease. At 53 months post exposure, progressive signs of central nervous system disease were observed in these 3 animals, and they were euthanized. Two of the C-BSE animals tested strongly positive using standard BSE rapid tests, however in 1 C-type challenged animal, Prion 2015 Poster Abstracts S67 PrPsc was not detected using rapid tests for BSE.. Subsequent testing resulted in the detection of pathologic lesion in unusual brain location and PrPsc detection by PMCA only. </span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">***Our study demonstrates susceptibility of adult cattle to oral transmission of classical BSE. </span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">We are further examining explanations for the unusual disease presentation in the third challenged animal.</span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://prion2015.files..wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf</a></div></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;"></span><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">P98 The agent of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism transmits after oronasal challenge </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Greenlee JJ (1), Moore SJ (1), and West Greenlee MH (2) (1) United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Virus and Prion Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">In 2006, a case of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was reported in a cow with a previously unreported prion protein polymorphism (E211K). </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">The E211K polymorphism is heritable and homologous to the E200K mutation in humans that is the most frequent PRNP mutation associated with familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Although the prevalence of the E211K polymorphism is low, cattle carrying the K211 allele develop H-type BSE with a rapid onset after experimental inoculation by the intracranial route. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the agents of H-type BSE or H-type BSE associated with the E211K polymorphism transmit to wild type cattle or cattle with the K211 allele after oronasal exposure. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Wild type (EE211) or heterozygous (EK211) cattle were oronasally inoculated with either H-type BSE from the 2004 US Htype BSE case (n=3) or from the 2006 US H-type case associated with the E211K polymorphism (n=4) using 10% w/v brain homogenates. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Cattle were observed daily throughout the course of the experiment for the development of clinical signs. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">At approximately 50 months post-inoculation, one steer (EK211 inoculated with E211K associated H-BSE) developed clinical signs including inattentiveness, loss of body condition, weakness, ataxia, and muscle fasciculations and was euthanized. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Enzyme immunoassay confirmed that abundant misfolded protein was present in the brainstem, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated PrPSc throughout the brain. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Western blot analysis of brain tissue from the clinically affected steer was consistent with the E211K H-type BSE inoculum. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">With the experiment currently at 55 months post-inoculation, no other cattle in this study have developed clinical signs suggestive of prion disease. This study demonstrates that the H-type BSE agent is transmissible by the oronasal route. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">These results reinforce the need for ongoing surveillance for classical and atypical BSE to minimize the risk of potentially infectious tissues entering the animal or human food chains. </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">PRION 2018 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT</div><div style="font-family: arial; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 15, 2018 </span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">***> The agent of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism transmits after oronasal challenge</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2018/08/the-agent-of-h-type-bovine-spongiform.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2018/08/the-agent-of-h-type-bovine-spongiform.html</a></div></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">MONDAY, JANUARY 09, 2017 </span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Oral Transmission of L-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent among Cattle </span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">CDC Volume 23, Number 2—February 2017 </span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** Consumption of L-BSE–contaminated feed may pose a risk for oral transmission of the disease agent to cattle.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** Consumption of L-BSE–contaminated feed may pose a risk for oral transmission of the disease agent to cattle.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/2/16-1416_article" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/2/16-1416_article</a></div></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Detection of PrPBSE and prion infectivity in the ileal Peyer’s patch of young calves as early as 2 months after oral challenge with classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy </span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Ivett Ackermann1 , Anne Balkema‑Buschmann1 , Reiner Ulrich2 , Kerstin Tauscher2 , James C. Shawulu1 , Markus Keller1 , Olanrewaju I. Fatola1 , Paul Brown3 and Martin H. Groschup1* </span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Abstract </span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">In classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE), an orally acquired prion disease of cattle, the ileal Peyer’s patch (IPP) represents the main entry port for the BSE agent. In earlier C-BSE pathogenesis studies, cattle at 4–6 months of age were orally challenged, while there are strong indications that the risk of infection is highest in young animals. In the present study, unweaned calves aged 4–6 weeks were orally challenged to determine the earli‑ est time point at which newly formed PrPBSE and BSE infectivity are detectable in the IPP. For this purpose, calves were culled 1 week as well as 2, 4, 6 and 8 months post-infection (mpi) and IPPs were examined for BSE infectivity using a bovine PrP transgenic mouse bioassay, and for PrPBSE by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplifcation (PMCA) assays. For the frst time, BSE prions were detected in the IPP as early as 2 mpi by transgenic mouse bioassay and PMCA and 4 mpi by IHC in the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) of the IPP follicles. These data indi‑ cate that BSE prions propagate in the IPP of unweaned calves within 2 months of oral uptake of the agent.</span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">In summary, our study demonstrates for the frst time PrPBSE (by PMCA) and prion infectivity (by mouse bioassay) in the ileal Peyer’s patch (IPP) of young calves as early as 2 months after infection. From 4 mpi nearly all calves showed PrPBSE positive IPP follicles (by IHC), even with PrPBSE accumulation detectable in FDCs in some animals. Finally, our results confrm the IPP as the early port of entry for the BSE agent and a site of initial propagation of PrPBSE and infectivity during the early pathogenesis of the disease. Terefore, our study supports the recommendation to remove the last four metres of the small intestine (distal ileum) at slaughter, as designated by current legal requirements for countries with a controlled BSE risk status, as an essential measure for consumer and public health protection.</span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738053/pdf/13567_2017_Article_495.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738053/pdf/13567_2017_Article_495.pdf</a></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 24, 2018 </span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">Experimental Infection of Cattle With a Novel Prion Derived From Atypical H-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2018/10/experimental-infection-of-cattle-with.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2018/10/experimental-infection-of-cattle-with.html</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">let's take a closer look at this new prionpathy or prionopathy, and then let's look at the g-h-BSEalabama mad cow.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">This new prionopathy in humans? the genetic makeup is IDENTICAL to the g-h-BSEalabama mad cow, the only _documented_ mad cow in the world to date like this, ......wait, it get's better. this new prionpathy is killing young and old humans, with LONG DURATION from onset of symptoms to death, and the symptoms are very similar to nvCJD victims, OH, and the plaques are very similar in some cases too, bbbut, it's not related to the g-h-BSEalabama cow, WAIT NOW, it gets even better, the new human prionpathy that they claim is a genetic TSE, has no relation to any gene mutation in that family. daaa, ya think it could be related to that mad cow with the same genetic make-up ??? there were literally tons and tons of banned mad cow protein in Alabama in commerce, and none of it transmitted to cows, and the cows to humans there from ??? r i g h t $$$</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">ALABAMA MAD COW g-h-BSEalabama</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">In this study, we identified a novel mutation in the bovine prion protein gene (Prnp), called E211K, of a confirmed BSE positive cow from Alabama, United States of America. This mutation is identical to the E200K pathogenic mutation found in humans with a genetic form of CJD. This finding represents the first report of a confirmed case of BSE with a potential pathogenic mutation within the bovine Prnp gene. We hypothesize that the bovine Prnp E211K mutation most likely has caused BSE in "the approximately 10-year-old cow" carrying the E221K mutation.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.plospathogens..org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000156" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000156</a><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.plospathogens..org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000156&representation=PDF" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.plospathogens.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000156&representation=PDF</a><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">her healthy calf also carried the mutation (J. A. Richt and S. M. Hall PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000156; 2008).</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">This raises the possibility that the disease could occasionally be genetic in origin. Indeed, the report of the UK BSE Inquiry in 2000 suggested that the UK epidemic had most likely originated from such a mutation and argued against the scrapierelated assumption. Such rare potential pathogenic PRNP mutations could occur in countries at present considered to be free of BSE, such as Australia and New Zealand. So it is important to maintain strict surveillance for BSE in cattle, with rigorous enforcement of the ruminant feed ban (many countries still feed ruminant proteins to pigs). Removal of specified risk material, such as brain and spinal cord, from cattle at slaughter prevents infected material from entering the human food chain. Routine genetic screening of cattle for PRNP mutations, which is now available, could provide additional data on the risk to the public. Because the point mutation identified in the Alabama animals is identical to that responsible for the commonest type of familial (genetic) CJD in humans, it is possible that the resulting infective prion protein might cross the bovine–human species barrier more easily. Patients with vCJD continue to be identified. The fact that this is happening less often should not lead to relaxation of the controls necessary to prevent future outbreaks.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith Cambridge University Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK e-mail: <a href="mailto:maf12@cam.ac.uk" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:maf12@cam.ac.uk">maf12@cam.ac.uk</a> Jürgen A. Richt College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K224B Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5601, USA</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">NATURE|Vol 457|26 February 2009</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571079b.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571079b.html</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica;">RE-Molecular, Biochemical and Genetic Characteristics of BSE in Canada </span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica;">Posted by flounder on 19 May 2010 at 21:21 GMT</span><br /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Full text Singeltary et al PLOS</span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comment?id=info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4f9be886-69fe-4c7c-922b-85b0ecbe6d53" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comment?id=info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4f9be886-69fe-4c7c-922b-85b0ecbe6d53</a> </span></div></div></div></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">> Epidemiological investigations conducted by USDA personnel failed to reveal any evidence of a feed source contaminated with TSE material fed to this animal</span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/hot_i%E2%80%8Bssues/bse/downloads/EPI_Final5-2-06.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/hot_issues/bse/downloads/EPI_Final5-2-06..pdf</a></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">LMAO!</span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"></span><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">BANNED MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE IN ALABAMA </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"> Date: September 6, 2006 at 7:58 am PST PRODUCT</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">a) EVSRC Custom dairy feed, Recall # V-130-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">b) Performance Chick Starter, Recall # V-131-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">c) Performance Quail Grower, Recall # V-132-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">d) Performance Pheasant Finisher, Recall # V-133-6.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Donaldson & Hasenbein/dba J&R Feed Service, Inc., Cullman, AL, by telephone on June 23, 2006 and by letter dated July 19, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">REASON</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Dairy and poultry feeds were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 477.72 tons</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION AL</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">______________________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html</a> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRODUCT Bulk custom dairy pre-mixes,</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Recall # V-120-6 CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Ware Milling Inc., Houston, MS, by telephone on June 23, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Possible contamination of dairy animal feeds with ruminant derived meat and bone meal.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 350 tons</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION AL and MS</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">______________________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRODUCT</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">a) Tucker Milling, LLC Tm 32% Sinking Fish Grower, #2680-Pellet, 50 lb.. bags, Recall # V-121-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">b) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-122-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">c) Tucker Milling, LLC #31232 Game Bird Grower, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-123-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">d) Tucker Milling, LLC 31227-Crumble, Game Bird Starter, BMD Medicated, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-124-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">e) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-125-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">f) Tucker Milling, LLC #30230, 30 % Turkey Starter, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-126-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">g) Tucker Milling, LLC #30116, TM Broiler Finisher, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-127-6</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">CODE All products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/20/2006 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Recalling Firm: Tucker Milling LLC, Guntersville, AL, by telephone and visit on June 20, 2006, and by letter on June 23, 2006. Manufacturer: H. J. Baker and Brothers Inc., Stamford, CT. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">REASON Poultry and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein were not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7,541-50 lb bags</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION AL, GA, MS, and TN</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 9, 2006</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">###</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2006/ENF00964.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2006/ENF00964.html</a> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: MAD COW FEED RECALL AL AND FL VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 TONS Products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Date: August 6, 2006 at 6:16 pm PST PRODUCT</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted, Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020, Carbadox -- 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs, Recall # V-107-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying Chickens, Recall # 108-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED, net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs, Recall # V-111-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs, Recall # V-112-6 CODE</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006. FDA initiated recall is complete.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">REASON Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 tons</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION AL and FL</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">###</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html</a> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">MAD COW FEED RECALL USA EQUALS 10,878.06 TONS NATIONWIDE Sun Jul 16, 2006 09:22 71.248.128.67</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE -- CLASS II</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">______________________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRODUCT</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">a) PRO-LAK, bulk weight, Protein Concentrate for Lactating Dairy Animals, Recall # V-079-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">b) ProAmino II, FOR PREFRESH AND LACTATING COWS, net weight 50lb (22.6 kg), Recall # V-080-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">c) PRO-PAK, MARINE & ANIMAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED, Recall # V-081-6;</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">d) Feather Meal, Recall # V-082-6 CODE</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">a) Bulk</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">b) None</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">c) Bulk</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">d) Bulk</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER H. J. Baker & Bro., Inc., Albertville, AL, by telephone on June 15, 2006 and by press release on June 16, 2006. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">REASON</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Possible contamination of animal feeds with ruminent derived meat and bone meal.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 10,878.06 tons</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION Nationwide</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 12, 2006</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">###</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html</a> </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES -- CLASS II</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">___________________________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRODUCT</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling's 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried, Recall # V-024-2007</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">CODE</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Firm initiated recall is ongoing.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">REASON</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross- contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">42,090 lbs.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">WI</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">___________________________________</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRODUCT</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot- Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal, JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI - 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J - PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral, BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall # V-025-2007</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">CODE</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">The firm does not utilize a code - only shipping documentation with commodity and weights identified.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">REASON</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">9,997,976 lbs.</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">DISTRIBUTION</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">ID and NV</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007</div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm</a> </div></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">Saturday, August 14, 2010</span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">BSE Case Associated with Prion Protein Gene Mutation (g-h-BSEalabama) and VPSPr PRIONPATHY</span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">(see mad cow feed in COMMERCE IN ALABAMA...TSS)</span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html</a><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006</span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #29303b; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">***> Wednesday, January 23, 2019 </div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">***> CFIA SFCR Guidance on Specified risk material (SRM) came into force on January 15, 2019 <***</div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2019/01/cfia-sfcr-guidance-on-specified-risk.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2019/01/cfia-sfcr-guidance-on-specified-risk.html</a></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;"><br /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, JANUARY 5, 2021 </div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">Exploration of genetic factors resulting in abnormal disease in cattle experimentally challenged with bovine spongiform encephalopathy<br /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2021/01/exploration-of-genetic-factors.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2021/01/exploration-of-genetic-factors.html</a></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><div>Evidence That Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Results from Feeding Infected Cattle Over the next 8-10 weeks, approximately 40% of all the adult mink on the farm died from TME. </div><div><br /></div><div>snip... </div><div><br /></div><div>The rancher was a ''dead stock'' feeder using mostly (>95%) downer or dead dairy cattle... </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002258/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002258/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf</a> </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506001031/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09a/tab01.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090506001031/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09a/tab01.pdf</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506024922/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1987/06/10004001.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090506024922/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1987/06/10004001.pdf</a> </div></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">Sunday, January 10, 2021 </div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087] Singeltary Submission June 17, 2019</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087] Singeltary Submission</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">Greetings APHIS et al, </div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">I would kindly like to comment on APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087], and my comments are as follows, with the latest peer review and transmission studies as references of evidence.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">THE OIE/USDA BSE Minimal Risk Region MRR is nothing more than free pass to import and export the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion disease. December 2003, when the USDA et al lost it's supposedly 'GOLD CARD' ie BSE FREE STATUS (that was based on nothing more than not looking and not finding BSE), once the USA lost it's gold card BSE Free status, the USDA OIE et al worked hard and fast to change the BSE Geographical Risk Statuses i.e. the BSE GBR's, and replaced it with the BSE MRR policy, the legal tool to trade mad cow type disease TSE Prion Globally. The USA is doing just what the UK did, when they shipped mad cow disease around the world, except with the BSE MRR policy, it's now legal. </div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">Also, the whole concept of the BSE MRR policy is based on a false pretense, that atypical BSE is not transmissible, and that only typical c-BSE is transmissible via feed. This notion that atypical BSE TSE Prion is an old age cow disease that is not infectious is absolutely false, there is NO science to show this, and on the contrary, we now know that atypical BSE will transmit by ORAL ROUTES, but even much more concerning now, recent science has shown that Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion in deer and elk which is rampant with no stopping is sight in the USA, and Scrapie TSE Prion in sheep and goat, will transmit to PIGS by oral routes, this is our worst nightmare, showing even more risk factors for the USA FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban. </div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">The FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban has failed terribly bad, and is still failing, since August 1997. there is tonnage and tonnage of banned potential mad cow feed that went into commerce, and still is, with one decade, 10 YEARS, post August 1997 FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban, 2007, with 10,000,000 POUNDS, with REASON, Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement. you can see all these feed ban warning letters and tonnage of mad cow feed in commerce, year after year, that is not accessible on the internet anymore like it use to be, you can see history of the FDA failure August 1997 FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban here, but remember this, we have a new outbreak of TSE Prion disease in a new livestock species, the camel, and this too is very worrisome.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">WITH the OIE and the USDA et al weakening the global TSE prion surveillance, by not classifying the atypical Scrapie as TSE Prion disease, and the notion that they want to do the same thing with typical scrapie and atypical BSE, it's just not scientific.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">WE MUST abolish the BSE MRR policy, go back to the BSE GBR risk assessments by country, and enhance them to include all strains of TSE Prion disease in all species. With Chronic Wasting CWD TSE Prion disease spreading in Europe, now including, Norway, Finland, Sweden, also in Korea, Canada and the USA, and the TSE Prion in Camels, the fact the the USA is feeding potentially CWD, Scrapie, BSE, typical and atypical, to other animals, and shipping both this feed and or live animals or even grains around the globe, potentially exposed or infected with the TSE Prion. this APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087], under it's present definition, does NOT show the true risk of the TSE Prion in any country. as i said, it's nothing more than a legal tool to trade the TSE Prion around the globe, nothing but ink on paper.</div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;">AS long as the BSE MRR policy stays in effect, TSE Prion disease will continued to be bought and sold as food for both humans and animals around the globe, and the future ramifications from friendly fire there from, i.e. iatrogenic exposure and transmission there from from all of the above, should not be underestimated. ... </div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://beta.regulations.gov/document/APHIS-2018-0087-0002" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://beta.regulations.gov/document/APHIS-2018-0087-0002</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0087-0002/attachment_1.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0087-0002/attachment_1.pdf</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0087-0002/attachment_1.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0087-0002/attachment_1.pdf</a></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><br /></div><div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/06/aphis-concurrence-with-oie-risk.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/06/aphis-concurrence-with-oie-risk.html</a></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24, 2021 <br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 2020 IMPACT REPORT BSE TSE Prion Testing and Surveillance MIA<br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2021/03/usda-animal-and-plant-health-inspection.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2021/03/usda-animal-and-plant-health-inspection.html</a></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;">WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2020</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;">EFSA Evaluation of public and animal health risks in case of a delayed post-mortem inspection in ungulates EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) ADOPTED: 21 October 2020</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;">i wonder if a 7 month delay on a suspect BSE case in Texas is too long, on a 48 hour turnaround, asking for a friend???</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2020/12/efsa-evaluation-of-public-and-animal.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2020/12/efsa-evaluation-of-public-and-animal.html</a></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt;"><div>MONDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 2020 </div><div><br /></div><div>***> REPORT OF THE MEETING OF THE OIE SCIENTIFIC COMMISSION FOR ANIMAL DISEASES Paris, 9–13 September 2019 BSE, TSE, PRION</div><div><br /></div><div>see updated concerns with atypical BSE from feed and zoonosis...terry</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2020/11/report-of-meeting-of-oie-scientific.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2020/11/report-of-meeting-of-oie-scientific.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 23, 2020 </div><div><br /></div><div>BSE research project final report 2005 to 2008 SE1796 SID5<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2020/12/bse-research-project-final-report-2005.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2020/12/bse-research-project-final-report-2005.html</a></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/09/fda-reports-on-vfd-compliance.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2019/09/fda-reports-on-vfd-compliance.html</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>THURSDAY, JUNE 3, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Porcine Spongiform Encephalopathy PSE TSE Prion disease Spongiform Encephalopathy In Pigs<br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://madporcinedisease.blogspot.com/2021/06/porcine-spongiform-encephalopathy-pse.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://madporcinedisease.blogspot.com/2021/06/porcine-spongiform-encephalopathy-pse.html</a></div></div><div><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><div style="font-family: arial;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 2em; margin-top: 0.5em;"><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2019 </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">***> Incomplete inactivation of atypical scrapie following recommended autoclave decontamination procedures </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://nor-98.blogspot.com/2019/05/incomplete-inactivation-of-atypical.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://nor-98.blogspot.com/2019/05/incomplete-inactivation-of-atypical.html</a><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 2020 </div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;">Autoclave treatment of the classical scrapie agent US No. 13-7 and experimental inoculation to susceptible VRQ/ARQ sheep via the oral route results in decreased transmission efficiency<br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="https://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2020/12/autoclave-treatment-of-classical.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2020/12/autoclave-treatment-of-classical.html</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;">TUESDAY, DECEMBER 01, 2020 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease sCJD and Human TSE Prion Annual Report December 14, 2020 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2020/12/sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-scjd.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2020/12/sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-scjd.html</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 2020 </div><div><br /></div><div>Human Prion Disease Surveillance in Washington State, 2006-2017<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2020/10/human-prion-disease-surveillance-in.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2020/10/human-prion-disease-surveillance-in.html</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>Sunday, December 27, 2020 </div><div><br /></div><div>First autopsy proven case of VPSPr: Variably protease‐sensitive prionopathy in Japan<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://vpspr.blogspot.com/2020/12/first-autopsy-proven-case-of-vpspr.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://vpspr.blogspot.com/2020/12/first-autopsy-proven-case-of-vpspr.html</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div id="yiv5379999387preview-section-references" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="yiv5379999387paginatedReferences" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv5379999387yqt0368571074" id="yiv5379999387yqt20793"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="font-stretch: normal; margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387yqtfd14965" style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 9pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><div style="margin-bottom: 24pt; margin-top: 6pt;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="yiv5379999387aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>TUESDAY, JUNE 01, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The ultrastructure of infectious L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions constrains molecular models<br clear="none" /></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2021/06/the-ultrastructure-of-infectious-l-type.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2021/06/the-ultrastructure-of-infectious-l-type.html</a></div><div><br /></div><div><div><div>what’s the big secret about the age and history of this poor gentleman ???</div><div> </div><div>MAD COW COVER UP USA, THE EVIDENCE MOUNTS $$$</div><div> </div><div>TEXAS MAD COW</div><div> </div><div>THEY DID FINALLY TEST AFTER SITTING 7+ MONTHS ON A SHELF WHILE GW BORE THE BSE MRR POLICY, i.e. legal trading of all strains of TSE. now understand, i confirmed this case 7 months earlier to the TAHC, and then, only after i contacted the Honorable Phyllis Fong and after an act of Congress, this animal was finally confirmed ;</div><div> </div><div>During the course of the investigation, USDA removed and tested a total of 67 animals of interest from the farm where the index animal's herd originated. All of these animals tested negative for BSE. 200 adult animals of interest were determined to have left the index farm. Of these 200, APHIS officials determined that 143 had gone to slaughter, two were found alive (one was determined not to be of interest because of its age and the other tested negative), 34 are presumed dead, one is known dead and 20 have been classified as untraceable. In addition to the adult animals, APHIS was looking for two calves born to the index animal. Due to record keeping and identification issues, APHIS had to trace 213 calves. Of these 213 calves, 208 entered feeding and slaughter channels, four are presumed to have entered feeding and slaughter channels and one calf was untraceable.</div><div> </div><div><a href="http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&contentid=2005/08/0336.xml" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&contentid=2005/08/0336.xml</a><br /></div><div> </div><div>USDA regulations, any cow that exhibits signs of central nervous system (CNS)</div><div> </div><div>According to a 1997 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (NHIS) Memorandum, brain samples all of such animals should be sent for BSE testing.2 The memorandum notes that "it is essential that brain specimens be collected from adult cattle condemned for CNS signs as part of our national surveillance of BSE."</div><div> </div><div>The cow slaughtered at the Lone Star Beef slaughterhouse last week staggered and fell, and was condemned ante mortem by FSIS personnel.4 Despite a request from APHIS personnel at the plant to conduct BSE testing, however, an APHIS supervisor in Austin reportedly refused the test and instructed the plant to send the carcass for rendering.5</div><div> </div><div>May 13,2004</div><div> </div><div>Page 2</div><div> </div><div>snip...</div><div> </div><div>The cow slaughtered at the Lone Star Beef slaughterhouse last week staggered and fell, and was condemned ante mortem by FSIS personnel.4 Despite a request from APHIS personnel at the plant to conduct BSE testing, however, an APHIS supervisor in Austin reportedly refused the test and instructed the plant to send the carcass for rendering.5</div><div> </div><div>This sequence of events is troubling, and it raises the question of whether this is an isolated incident. In 1997, USDA noted a major gap between the number of cattle condemned for CNS symptoms and the number of these cows actually tested for mad cow disease. The Department found:</div><div> </div><div><a href="http://oversight-archive.waxman.house.gov/documents/20040607142914-86912.pdf" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://oversight-archive.waxman.house.gov/documents/20040607142914-86912.pdf</a><br /></div><div> </div><div>2004, highly suspect stumbling and staggering mad cow reported, however, NO TESTING DONE, ON ORDERS FROM AUSTIN $</div><div> </div><div>May 4, 2004</div><div> </div><div>Statement on Texas Cow With Central Nervous System Symptoms</div><div> </div><div>On Friday, April 30th, the Food and Drug Administration learned that a cow with central nervous system symptoms had been killed and shipped to a processor for rendering into animal protein for use in animal feed.</div><div> </div><div>FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the slaughterhouse.</div><div> </div><div>FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA.</div><div> </div><div>Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows, goats, sheep, bison)...</div><div> </div><div><a href="http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108292.htm" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108292.htm</a><br /></div><div> </div><div>FDA MAD COW FEED BAN NOTHING BUT INK ON PAPER</div><div> </div><div>Note:</div><div> </div><div>On Dec. 23, 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture reported that a cow in Washington state had tested positive for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or mad cow disease). As a result, information on this Web page stating that no BSE cases had been found in the United States is now incorrect. However, because other information on this page continues to have value, the page will remain available for viewing.</div><div> </div><div>FDA ANNOUNCES TEST RESULTS FROM TEXAS FEED LOT</div><div> </div><div>Today the Food and Drug Administration announced the results of tests taken on feed used at a Texas feedlot that was suspected of containing meat and bone meal from other domestic cattle -- a violation of FDA's 1997 prohibition on using ruminant material in feed for other ruminants. Results indicate that a very low level of prohibited material was found in the feed fed to cattle. FDA has determined that each animal could have consumed, at most and in total, five-and-one-half grams - approximately a quarter ounce -- of prohibited material. These animals weigh approximately 600 pounds. It is important to note that the prohibited material was domestic in origin (therefore not likely to contain infected material because there is no evidence of BSE in U.S. cattle), fed at a very low level, and fed only once. The potential risk of BSE to such cattle is therefore exceedingly low, even if the feed were contaminated. According to Dr. Bernard Schwetz, FDA's Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner, "The challenge to regulators and industry is to keep this disease out of the United States. One important defense is to prohibit the use of any ruminant animal materials in feed for other ruminant animals. Combined with other steps, like U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) ban on the importation of live ruminant animals from affected countries, these steps represent a series of protections, to keep American cattle free of BSE." Despite this negligible risk, Purina Mills, Inc., is nonetheless announcing that it is voluntarily purchasing all 1,222 of the animals held in Texas and mistakenly fed the animal feed containing the prohibited material. Therefore, meat from those animals will not enter the human food supply. FDA believes any cattle that did not consume feed containing the prohibited material are unaffected by this incident, and should be handled in the beef supply clearance process as usual. FDA believes that Purina Mills has behaved responsibly by first reporting the human error that resulted in the misformulation of the animal feed supplement and then by working closely with State and Federal authorities. This episode indicates that the multi-layered safeguard system put into place is essential for protecting the food supply and that continued vigilance needs to be taken, by all concerned, to ensure these rules are followed routinely. FDA will continue working with USDA as well as State and local officials to ensure that companies and individuals comply with all laws and regulations designed to protect the U.S. food supply.</div><div> </div><div><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2001/NEW00752.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2001/NEW00752.html</a><br /></div><div> </div><div>NEWS RELEASE Texas Animal Health Commission Box l2966 •Austin, Texas 78711 •(800) 550-8242• FAX (512) 719-0719 Linda Logan, DVM, PhD• Executive Director For info, contact Carla Everett, information officer, at 1-800-550-8242, ext. 710, or ceverett@tahc.state.tx.us</div><div> </div><div>For Immediate Release-- Feed Contamination Issue Resolved by FDA</div><div> </div><div>Although many of you may have heard the latest regarding the resolution of the cattle feed contamination situation in Texas, I wanted to ensure that you received this statement issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the agency in charge of regulating feed components. The FDA has said the cattle involved are to be rendered and the material will not enter ruminant or human food channels. The Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) will provided assistance to the FDA as requested and needed. FDA ANNOUNCES TEST RESULTS FROM TEXAS FEED LOT Today (Tuesday, Jan. the Food and Drug Administration announced the results of tests taken on feed used at a Texas feedlot that was suspected of containing meat and bone meal from other domestic cattle -- a violation of FDA's 1997 prohibition on using ruminant material in feed for other ruminants. Results indicate that a very low level of prohibited material was found in the feed fed to cattle. FDA has determined that each animal could have consumed, at most and in total, five-and-one-half grams - approximately a quarter ounce -- of prohibited material. These animals weigh approximately 600 pounds. It is important to note that the prohibited material was domestic in origin (therefore not likely to contain infected material because there is no evidence of BSE in U.S. cattle), fed at a very low level, and fed only once. The potential risk of BSE to such cattle is therefore exceedingly low, even if the feed were contaminated. According to Dr. Bernard Schwetz, FDA's Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner, "The challenge to regulators and industry is to keep this disease out of the United States. One important defense is to prohibit the use of any ruminant animal materials in feed for other ruminant animals. Combined with other steps, like U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) ban on the importation of live ruminant animals from affected countries, these steps represent a series of protections, to keep American cattle free of BSE." Despite this negligible risk, Purina Mills, Inc., is nonetheless announcing that it is voluntarily purchasing all 1,222 of the animals held in Texas and mistakenly fed the animal feed containing the prohibited material. Therefore, meat from those animals will not enter the human food supply. FDA believes any cattle that did not consume feed containing the prohibited material are unaffected by this incident, and should be handled in the beef supply clearance process as usual. FDA believes that Purina Mills has behaved responsibly by first reporting the human error that resulted in the misformulation of the animal feed supplement and then by working closely with State and Federal authorities. This episode indicates that the multi-layered safeguard system put into place is essential for protecting the food supply and that continued vigilance needs to be taken, by all concerned, to ensure these rules are followed routinely. FDA will continue working with USDA as well as state and local officials to ensure that companies and individuals comply with all laws and regulations designed to protect the U.S. food supply. ---30--</div><div> </div><div><a href="http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/News/pr/2001/101FEED_ISSUE_RESOLVED.pdf" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/News/pr/2001/101FEED_ISSUE_RESOLVED.pdf</a><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>about that mad cow, that was my cow, i had her in my sights all along, had a positive, then they decided no way, put that sample on ice for 7 months, until myself and others wrote the OIG, finally the Honorable Fong had that sample sent to Weybridge, yup, we have a positive mad cow...</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: USA BIO-RADs INCONCLUSIVEs</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Fri, 17 Dec 2004 15:37:28 -0600</div><div><br /></div><div>From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div><br /></div><div>To: susan_berg@bio-rad.com</div><div><br /></div><div>Hello Susan and Bio-Rad,</div><div><br /></div><div>Happy Holidays!</div><div><br /></div><div>I wish to ask a question about Bio-Rad and USDA BSE/TSE testing and there inconclusive. IS the Bio-Rad test for BSE/TSE that complicated, or is there most likely some human error we are seeing here?</div><div><br /></div><div>HOW can Japan have 2 positive cows with No clinical signs WB+, IHC-, HP- , BUT in the USA, these cows are considered 'negative'?</div><div><br /></div><div>IS there more politics working here than science in the USA?</div><div><br /></div><div>What am I missing?</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: Re: USDA: More mad cow testing will demonstrate beef's safety</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Fri, 17 Dec 2004 09:26:19 -0600</div><div><br /></div><div>From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...end</div><div><br /></div><div>Experts doubt USDA's mad cow results</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...END</div><div><br /></div><div>WELL, someone did call me from Bio-Rad about this, however it was not Susan Berg. but i had to just about take a blood oath not to reveal there name. IN fact they did not want me to even mention this, but i feel it is much much to important. I have omitted any I.D. of this person, but thought I must document this ;</div><div><br /></div><div>Bio-Rad, TSS phone conversation 12/28/04</div><div><br /></div><div>Finally spoke with ;</div><div><br /></div><div>Bio-Rad Laboratories 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive Hercules, CA 94547 Ph: 510-741-6720 Fax: 510-741-5630 Email: ******************</div><div><br /></div><div>at approx. 14:00 hours 12/28/04, I had a very pleasant phone conversation with ***X ***XX about the USDA and the inconclusive BSE testing problems they seem to keep having. X was very very cautious as to speak directly about USDA and it's policy of not using WB. X was very concerned as a Bio-Rad official of retaliation of some sort. X would only speak of what other countries do, and that i should take that as an answer. I told X I understood that it was a very loaded question and X agreed several times over and even said a political one.</div><div><br /></div><div>my question;</div><div><br /></div><div>Does Bio-Rad believe USDA's final determination of False positive, without WB, and considering the new atypical TSEs not showing positive with -IHC and -HP ???</div><div><br /></div><div>ask if i was a reporter. i said no, i was with CJD Watch and that i had lost my mother to hvCJD. X did not want any of this recorded or repeated.</div><div><br /></div><div>again, very nervous, will not answer directly about USDA for fear of retaliation, but again said X tell me what other countries are doing and finding, and that i should take it from there.</div><div><br /></div><div>"very difficult to answer"</div><div><br /></div><div>"very political"</div><div><br /></div><div>"very loaded question"</div><div><br /></div><div>outside USA and Canada, they use many different confirmatory tech. in house WB, SAF, along with IHC, HP, several times etc. you should see at several talks meetings (TSE) of late Paris Dec 2, that IHC- DOES NOT MEAN IT IS NEGATIVE. again, look what the rest of the world is doing.</div><div><br /></div><div>said something about Dr. Houston stating;</div><div><br /></div><div>any screening assay, always a chance for human error. but with so many errors (i am assuming X meant inconclusive), why are there no investigations, just false positives?</div><div><br /></div><div>said something about ''just look at the sheep that tested IHC- but were positive''. ...</div><div><br /></div><div>TSS</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: Your questions</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Mon, 27 Dec 2004 15:58:11 -0800</div><div><br /></div><div>From: To: flounder@wt.net</div><div><br /></div><div>Hi Terry:</div><div><br /></div><div>............................................snip</div><div><br /></div><div>Let me know your phone number so I can talk to you about the Bio-Rad BSE test.</div><div><br /></div><div>Thank you</div><div><br /></div><div>Regards</div><div><br /></div><div>Bio-Rad Laboratories 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive Hercules, CA 94547 Ph: 510-741-6720 Fax: 510-741-5630 Email:</div><div><br /></div><div>=================================</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...end...TSS</div><div><br /></div><div>TSS REPORT ON 2ND TEJAS MAD COW Mon, 22 Nov 2004 17:12:15 -0600 (the one that did NOT get away, thanks to the Honorable Phyllis Fong)</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: Re: BSE 'INCONCLUSIVE' COW from TEXAS ???</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2004 17:12:15 -0600</div><div><br /></div><div>From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div><br /></div><div>To: Carla Everett</div><div><br /></div><div>References: <[log in to unmask]></div><div><br /></div><div><[log in to unmask] us></div><div><br /></div><div>Greetings Carla,still hear a rumor;</div><div><br /></div><div>Texas single beef cow not born in Canada no beef entered the food chain?</div><div><br /></div><div>and i see the TEXAS department of animal health is ramping up forsomething, but they forgot a url for update?</div><div><br /></div><div>I HAVE NO ACTUAL CONFIRMATION YET...can you confirm???</div><div><br /></div><div>terry</div><div><br /></div><div>============================== ==============================</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: Re: BSE 'INCONCLUSIVE' COW from TEXAS ???</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Fri, 19 Nov 2004 11:38:21 -0600</div><div><br /></div><div>From: Carla Everett</div><div><br /></div><div>To: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div><br /></div><div>References: <[log in to unmask]></div><div><br /></div><div>The USDA has made a statement, and we are referring all callers to the USDA web site. We have no information about the animal being in Texas.</div><div><br /></div><div>Carla At 09:44 AM 11/19/2004, you wrote:</div><div><br /></div><div>>Greetings Carla,</div><div><br /></div><div>>>i am getting unsubstantiated claims of this BSE 'inconclusive' cow is from</div><div><br /></div><div>>TEXAS. can you comment on this either way please?</div><div><br /></div><div>>>thank you,</div><div><br /></div><div>>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div><div><br /></div><div>>></div><div><br /></div><div>=================== ===================</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: Re: BSE 'INCONCLUSIVE' COW from TEXAS ???</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2004 18:33:20 -0600</div><div><br /></div><div>From: Carla Everett</div><div><br /></div><div>To: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div><br /></div><div>References: <[log in to unmask]></div><div><br /></div><div><[log in to unmask] us></div><div><br /></div><div><[log in to unmask]></div><div><br /></div><div><[log in to unmask] us></div><div><br /></div><div><[log in to unmask]></div><div><br /></div><div>our computer department was working on a place holder we could post USDA's announcement of any results. There are no results to be announced tonight by NVSL, so we are back in a waiting mode and will post the USDA announcement when we hear something.</div><div><br /></div><div>At 06:05 PM 11/22/2004, you wrote: >why was the announcement on your TAHC site removed?</div><div><br /></div><div>>>Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy:</div><div><br /></div><div>>November 22: Press Release title here</div><div><br /></div><div>>>star image More BSE information</div><div><br /></div><div>>>>>terry</div><div><br /></div><div>>>Carla Everett wrote:</div><div><br /></div><div>>>>no confirmation on the U.S.' inconclusive test...</div><div><br /></div><div>>>no confirmation on location of animal.</div><div><br /></div><div>>>>>>></div><div><br /></div><div>========================== ==========================</div><div><br /></div><div>THEN, 7+ MONTHS OF COVER-UP BY JOHANN ET AL! no doubt about it now $$$</div><div><br /></div><div>NO, it's not pretty, be nice, im not pretty, but these are the facts, take em or leave em, however, you cannot change them.</div><div><br /></div><div>with kindest regards,</div><div><br /></div><div>I am still sincerely disgusted and tired in sunny Bacliff, Texas USA 77518</div><div><br /></div><div>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div><div><br /></div><div>FULL 130 LASHINGS TO USDA BY OIG again</div><div><br /></div><div>http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf</div><div><br /></div><div>FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE</div><div><br /></div><div>Statement</div><div><br /></div><div>May 4, 2004</div><div><br /></div><div>Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242</div><div><br /></div><div>Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA</div><div><br /></div><div>Statement on Texas Cow With Central Nervous System Symptoms</div><div><br /></div><div>On Friday, April 30 th , the Food and Drug Administration learned that a cow with central nervous system symptoms had been killed and shipped to a processor for rendering into animal protein for use in animal feed.</div><div><br /></div><div>FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the slaughterhouse.</div><div><br /></div><div>FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA.</div><div><br /></div><div>Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows, goats, sheep, bison).</div><div><br /></div><div>FDA is sending a letter to the firm summarizing its findings and informing the firm that FDA will not object to use of this material in swine feed only. If it is not used in swine feed, this material will be destroyed. Pigs have been shown not to be susceptible to BSE. If the firm agrees to use the material for swine feed only, FDA will track the material all the way through the supply chain from the processor to the farm to ensure that the feed is properly monitored and used only as feed for pigs.</div><div><br /></div><div>To protect the U.S. against BSE, FDA works to keep certain mammalian protein out of animal feed for cattle and other ruminant animals. FDA established its animal feed rule in 1997 after the BSE epidemic in the U.K. showed that the disease spreads by feeding infected ruminant protein to cattle.</div><div><br /></div><div>Under the current regulation, the material from this Texas cow is not allowed in feed for cattle or other ruminant animals. FDA's action specifying that the material go only into swine feed means also that it will not be fed to poultry.</div><div><br /></div><div>FDA is committed to protecting the U.S. from BSE and collaborates closely with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on all BSE issues. The animal feed rule provides crucial protection against the spread of BSE, but it is only one of several such firewalls. FDA will soon be improving the animal feed rule, to make this strong system even stronger.</div><div><br /></div><div>####</div><div><br /></div><div>http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01061.html</div><div><br /></div><div>https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05101.pdf</div><div><br /></div><div>-------- Original Message --------</div><div><br /></div><div>Subject: Re: Congressman Henry Waxmans's Letter to the Honorable Ann Veneman on failure by USDA/APHIS TO TEST TEXAS MAD COW</div><div><br /></div><div>Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2004 16:48:31 –0500</div><div><br /></div><div>From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."</div><div><br /></div><div>Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</div><div><br /></div><div>To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de References: 40A8CD52.1070308@wt.net</div><div><br /></div><div>######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########</div><div><br /></div><div>USA BSE RED BOOK</div><div><br /></div><div>October 1998</div><div><br /></div><div>BSE Red Book 2.1-36</div><div><br /></div><div>7.2.1.7 Laboratory Coordination--The Laboratory Coordination Officer will advise the READE(3 Director concerning laboratory capabilities and appropriate laboratory examinations to be conducted to provide needed results as rapidly as possible. This individual will assist with interpretation of results.</div><div><br /></div><div>seems that if the 'enhanced BSE/TSE testing program' is to test some 400,000+ animals in 1 1/2 years, they better hurry up, times a wasting.</div><div><br /></div><div>BSE Red Book 2.1-39</div><div><br /></div><div>7.6 Depopulation Procedures</div><div><br /></div><div>Under no circumstances may BSE suspects be sent fo slaughhter or rendering.</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...</div><div><br /></div><div>BSE Red Book 2.1-40</div><div><br /></div><div>7.7 Disposal Under no circumstances may BSE suspects be sent to slaughter or rendering. Notify FDA, CVM if you suspect that the carcass of a BSE-confirmed animal has moved to rendering or animal feed manufacturing. Field personel should arrange for the carcass to be transported to and examined by a qualified veterinary pathologist or field veterinary medical officer. After the pathologic examination has been completed and the necessary diagnostic specimens have been obtained, field personnel should arrange for disposal of the carcass. Before a method of disposal is selected, there are many factors that must be considered, and often other State and Federal agencies must be consulted. The environmental and legal impacts of the operation must be considered. Upon recommendation of the State or Federal agencies, VS may consider other disposal methods.</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...</div><div><br /></div><div>7.7.3 Rendering Because BSE is spread by rendered animal protein, BSE-suspect and confirmed carcasses must not be rendered, unless the rendered material is incinerated. Notify FDA, CVM if you suspect that dead BSE animals or carcasses have moved to rendering or animal feed manufacturing.</div><div><br /></div><div>snip...</div><div><br /></div><div>7.10.11 Prevention--Suspects and animals confirmed to have BSE must not be rendered. Producers, feed mills, and rendering establishments should adhere to U.S. State and local rendering policies and FDA regulations concerning the feeding of rendered animal protein to ruminants.</div><div><br /></div><div>TSS</div><div><br /></div><div>Terry S. Singeltary Sr. wrote:</div><div><br /></div><div>######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########</div><div><br /></div><div>ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM 2157 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, DC 20515-6143</div></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2020/10/efsa-annual-report-of-scientific.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2020/10/efsa-annual-report-of-scientific.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2015 </div><div><br /></div><div>Former Ag Secretary Ann Veneman talks women in agriculture and we talk mad cow disease USDA and what really happened </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2015/10/former-ag-secretary-ann-veneman-talks.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2015/10/former-ag-secretary-ann-veneman-talks.html</a></div><div><br /></div><div>FRIDAY, APRIL 22, 2016 </div><div><br /></div><div>Texas Scrapie Confirmed in a Hartley County Sheep where CWD was detected in a Mule Deer<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/texas-scrapie-confirmed-in-hartley.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/texas-scrapie-confirmed-in-hartley.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Thursday, June 09, 2016 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas, The Moore Air Force Base Scrapie Experiment 1964 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">How Did CWD Get Way Down In Medina County, Texas? </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Confucius ponders... </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Could the Scrapie experiments back around 1964 at Moore Air Force near Mission, Texas, could this area have been ground zero for CWD TSE Prion (besides the CWD cases that have waltzed across the Texas, New Mexico border near WSMR Trans Pecos region since around 2001)? </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Epidemiology of Scrapie in the United States 1977 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">snip... </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas A Scrapie Field Trial was developed at Mission, Texas, to provide additional information for the eradication program on the epidemiology of natural scrapie. The Mission Field Trial Station is located on 450 acres of pastureland, part of the former Moore Air Force Base, near Mission, Texas. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">It was designed to bring previously exposed, and later also unexposed, sheep or goats to the Station and maintain and breed them under close observation for extended periods to determine which animals would develop scrapie and define more closely the natural spread and other epidemiological aspects of the disease. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">The 547 previously exposed sheep brought to the Mission Station beginning in 1964 were of the Cheviot, Hampshire, Montadale, or Suffolk breeds. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">They were purchased as field outbreaks occurred, and represented 21 bloodlines in which scrapie had been diagnosed. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Upon arrival at the Station, the sheep were maintained on pasture, with supplemental feeding as necessary. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">The station was divided into 2 areas: </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">(1) a series of pastures and-pens occupied by male animals only, and </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">(2) a series of pastures and pens occupied by females and young progeny of both sexes. </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">... snip...</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">see full text ; </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030513212324/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m08b/tab64.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20030513212324/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m08b/tab64.pdf</a> </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Thursday, June 09, 2016 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas, The Moore Air Force Base Scrapie TSE Prion Experiment 1964 How Did CWD Get Way Down In Medina County, Texas? </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/06/how-did-cwd-get-way-down-in-medina.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/06/how-did-cwd-get-way-down-in-medina.html</a> </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/06/scrapie-field-trial-experiments-mission.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/06/scrapie-field-trial-experiments-mission.html</a> </div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2020 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">Cattle Meat and Offal Imported from the United States of America, Canada and Ireland to Japan (Prions) Food Safety Commission of Japan</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2020/10/cattle-meat-and-offal-imported-from.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2020/10/cattle-meat-and-offal-imported-from.html</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">SEE HADLOW AND SCRAPIE !</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2015/08/doctor-william-j-hadlow.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2015/08/doctor-william-j-hadlow.html</a><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/scrapie-ws-01-prion-diseases-in-animals.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/scrapie-ws-01-prion-diseases-in-animals.html</a><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div><div>P03.141 </div><div><br /></div><div> Aspects of the Cerebellar Neuropathology in Nor98 </div><div><br /></div><div> Gavier-Widén, D1; Benestad, SL2; Ottander, L1; Westergren, E1 1National Veterinary Insitute, Sweden; 2National Veterinary Institute, </div><div><br /></div><div> Norway Nor98 is a prion disease of old sheep and goats. This atypical form of scrapie was first described in Norway in 1998. Several features of Nor98 were shown to be different from classical scrapie including the distribution of disease associated prion protein (PrPd) accumulation in the brain. The cerebellum is generally the most affected brain area in Nor98. The study here presented aimed at adding information on the neuropathology in the cerebellum of Nor98 naturally affected sheep of various genotypes in Sweden and Norway. A panel of histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings such as IHC for PrPd, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid, and cell markers for phagocytic cells were conducted. The type of histological lesions and tissue reactions were evaluated. The types of PrPd deposition were characterized. The cerebellar cortex was regularly affected, even though there was a variation in the severity of the lesions from case to case. Neuropil vacuolation was more marked in the molecular layer, but affected also the granular cell layer. There was a loss of granule cells. Punctate deposition of PrPd was characteristic. It was morphologically and in distribution identical with that of synaptophysin, suggesting that PrPd accumulates in the synaptic structures. PrPd was also observed in the granule cell layer and in the white matter. The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. </div><div><br /></div><div> ***The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. </div><div><br /></div><div> <a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf%C2%A0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf </a>;</div><div><br /></div><div> <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">PR-26 </span></div><div><br /></div><div> NOR98 SHOWS MOLECULAR FEATURES REMINISCENT OF GSS </div><div><br /></div><div> R. Nonno1, E. Esposito1, G. Vaccari1, E. Bandino2, M. Conte1, B. Chiappini1, S. Marcon1, M. Di Bari1, S.L. Benestad3, U. Agrimi1 1 Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy (<a href="mailto:romolo.nonno@iss.it" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:romolo.nonno@iss.it">romolo.nonno@iss.it</a>); 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy; 3 National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology, Oslo, Norway </div><div><br /></div><div> Molecular variants of PrPSc are being increasingly investigated in sheep scrapie and are generally referred to as "atypical" scrapie, as opposed to "classical scrapie". Among the atypical group, Nor98 seems to be the best identified. We studied the molecular properties of Italian and Norwegian Nor98 samples by WB analysis of brain homogenates, either untreated, digested with different concentrations of proteinase K, or subjected to enzymatic deglycosylation. The identity of PrP fragments was inferred by means of antibodies spanning the full PrP sequence. We found that undigested brain homogenates contain a Nor98-specific PrP fragment migrating at 11 kDa (PrP11), truncated at both the C-terminus and the N-terminus, and not N-glycosylated. After mild PK digestion, Nor98 displayed full-length PrP (FL-PrP) and N-glycosylated C-terminal fragments (CTF), along with increased levels of PrP11. Proteinase K digestion curves (0,006-6,4 mg/ml) showed that FL-PrP and CTF are mainly digested above 0,01 mg/ml, while PrP11 is not entirely digested even at the highest concentrations, similarly to PrP27-30 associated with classical scrapie. Above 0,2 mg/ml PK, most Nor98 samples showed only PrP11 and a fragment of 17 kDa with the same properties of PrP11, that was tentatively identified as a dimer of PrP11. Detergent solubility studies showed that PrP11 is insoluble in 2% sodium laurylsorcosine and is mainly produced from detergentsoluble, full-length PrPSc. Furthermore, among Italian scrapie isolates, we found that a sample with molecular and pathological properties consistent with Nor98 showed plaque-like deposits of PrPSc in the thalamus when the brain was analysed by PrPSc immunohistochemistry. Taken together, our results show that the distinctive pathological feature of Nor98 is a PrP fragment spanning amino acids ~ 90-155. This fragment is produced by successive N-terminal and C-terminal cleavages from a full-length and largely detergent-soluble PrPSc, is produced in vivo and is extremely resistant to PK digestion. </div><div><br /></div><div> *** Intriguingly, these conclusions suggest that some pathological features of Nor98 are reminiscent of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. </div><div><br /></div><div> 119 </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf%C2%A0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf </a>;</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt;">A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes </span></div><div><br /></div><div> Annick Le Dur*,?, Vincent Béringue*,?, Olivier Andréoletti?, Fabienne Reine*, Thanh Lan Laï*, Thierry Baron§, Bjørn Bratberg¶, Jean-Luc Vilotte?, Pierre Sarradin**, Sylvie L. Benestad¶, and Hubert Laude*,? +Author Affiliations </div><div><br /></div><div>*Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires and ?Génétique Biochimique et Cytogénétique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; ?Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, 31066 Toulouse, France; §Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Unité Agents Transmissibles Non Conventionnels, 69364 Lyon, France; **Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France; and ¶Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, 0033 Oslo, Norway </div><div><br /></div><div>***Edited by Stanley B. Prusiner, University of California, San Francisco, CA (received for review March 21, 2005) </div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract Scrapie in small ruminants belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, a family of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals and can transmit within and between species by ingestion or inoculation. Conversion of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP), normal cellular PrP (PrPc), into a misfolded form, abnormal PrP (PrPSc), plays a key role in TSE transmission and pathogenesis. The intensified surveillance of scrapie in the European Union, together with the improvement of PrPSc detection techniques, has led to the discovery of a growing number of so-called atypical scrapie cases. These include clinical Nor98 cases first identified in Norwegian sheep on the basis of unusual pathological and PrPSc molecular features and "cases" that produced discordant responses in the rapid tests currently applied to the large-scale random screening of slaughtered or fallen animals. Worryingly, a substantial proportion of such cases involved sheep with PrP genotypes known until now to confer natural resistance to conventional scrapie. Here we report that both Nor98 and discordant cases, including three sheep homozygous for the resistant PrPARR allele (A136R154R171), efficiently transmitted the disease to transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP, and that they shared unique biological and biochemical features upon propagation in mice. *** These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent, unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health. </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/16031.abstract%C2%A0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/16031.abstract </a>;</div><div><br /></div><div>Monday, December 1, 2008 </div><div><br /></div><div> When Atypical Scrapie cross species barriers </div><div><br /></div><div> Authors </div><div><br /></div><div> Andreoletti O., Herva M. H., Cassard H., Espinosa J. C., Lacroux C., Simon S., Padilla D., Benestad S. L., Lantier F., Schelcher F., Grassi J., Torres, J. M., UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse.France; ICISA-INlA, Madrid, Spain; CEA, IBiTec-5, DSV, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex, France; National Veterinary Institute, Postboks 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway, INRA IASP, Centre INRA de Tours, 3738O Nouzilly, France. </div><div><br /></div><div> Content </div><div><br /></div><div> Atypical scrapie is a TSE occurring in small ruminants and harbouring peculiar clinical, epidemiological and biochemical properties. Currently this form of disease is identified in a large number of countries. In this study we report the transmission of an atypical scrapie isolate through different species barriers as modeled by transgenic mice (Tg) expressing different species PRP sequence.</div><div><br /></div><div>The donor isolate was collected in 1995 in a French commercial sheep flock. inoculation into AHQ/AHQ sheep induced a disease which had all neuro-pathological and biochemical characteristics of atypical scrapie. Transmitted into Transgenic mice expressing either ovine or PrPc, the isolate retained all the described characteristics of atypical scrapie.</div><div><br /></div><div>Surprisingly the TSE agent characteristics were dramatically different v/hen passaged into Tg bovine mice. The recovered TSE agent had biological and biochemical characteristics similar to those of atypical BSE L in the same mouse model. Moreover, whereas no other TSE agent than BSE were shown to transmit into Tg porcine mice, atypical scrapie was able to develop into this model, albeit with low attack rate on first passage.</div><div><br /></div><div>Furthermore, after adaptation in the porcine mouse model this prion showed similar biological and biochemical characteristics than BSE adapted to this porcine mouse model. Altogether these data indicate.</div><div><br /></div><div>(i) the unsuspected potential abilities of atypical scrapie to cross species barriers</div><div><br /></div><div>(ii) the possible capacity of this agent to acquire new characteristics when crossing species barrier</div><div><br /></div><div>These findings raise some interrogation on the concept of TSE strain and on the origin of the diversity of the TSE agents and could have consequences on field TSE control measures.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf%C2%A0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf </a>;</div></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 2020 </span><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">Radical Change in Zoonotic Abilities of Atypical BSE Prion Strains as Evidenced by Crossing of Sheep Species Barrier in Transgenic Mice</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">Atypical BSE prions showed a modification in their zoonotic ability after adaptation to sheep-PrP producing agents able to infect TgMet129 and TgVal129, bearing features that make them indistinguishable of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">our results clearly indicate that atypical BSE adaptation to an ovine-PrP sequence could modify the prion agent to potentially infect humans, showing strain features indistinguishable from those of classic sCJD prions, even though they might or might not be different agents.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">However, the expanding range of TSE agents displaying the capacity to transmit in human-PrP–expressing hosts warrants the continuation of the ban on meat and bone meal recycling and underscores the ongoing need for active surveillance</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258450/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258450/</a></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div><div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #222222;">Wednesday, December 16, 2020 </span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #222222;">Expanding spectrum of prion diseases Prusiner et al</span><br /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://prionprp.blogspot.com/2020/12/expanding-spectrum-of-prion-diseases.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://prionprp.blogspot.com/2020/12/expanding-spectrum-of-prion-diseases.html</a></span></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br /></div><div style="line-height: 1.22em;"><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">FRIDAY, JANUARY 15, 2021 </div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">CJD TSE Prion Questionnaire USA, UK, and the history there from, have you filled out this questionnaire?</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/2021/01/cjd-tse-prion-questionnaire-usa-uk-and.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/2021/01/cjd-tse-prion-questionnaire-usa-uk-and.html</a><br /></div></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><div>FRIDAY, JANUARY 15, 2021 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>CJD TSE Prion Questionnaire USA, UK, and the history there from, have you filled out this questionnaire?</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com_2021_01_cjd-2Dtse-2Dprion-2Dquestionnaire-2Dusa-2Duk-2Dand.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=A0huyMWIFFUe6IV8QFFbQZ8uId-PPcnUeLITQjyWg34&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/2021/01/cjd-tse-prion-questionnaire-usa-uk-and.html</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>JOHN CORNYN TEXAS UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, DC 20510-4305 April 26,2005</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Mr. Terry Singeltary</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>P.O. Box </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Bacliff, Texas 77518</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Dear Mr. Singeltary:</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>In response to your recent request for my assistance, I have contacted the National Institutes of Health. I will write you again as soon as I receive a reply. I appreciate having the opportunity to represent you in the United States Senate and to be of service in this matter.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Sincerely,</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>JOHN CORNYN United States Senator JC:djl </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>=============== </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>JOHN CORNYN TEXAS UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, DC 20510-4305</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>May 18,2005</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Mr. Terry Singeltary</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>P.O. Box </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Bacliff, Texas 77518</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Dear Mr. Singeltary:</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Enclosed is the reply I received from the Department of Health and Human Services in response to my earlier inquiry on your behalf. I hope this will be useful to you. I appreciate having the opportunity to represent you in the United States Senate. Thank you for taking time to contact me. Sincerely,</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>JOHN CORNYN United States Senate JC:djl Enclosure</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NINDS Building 31, Room 8A52 31 Center Dr., MSC 2540 Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2540 Phone: 301-496-9746 Fax: 301-496-0296 Email: [log in to unmask]</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>May 10, 2005</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The Honorable John Cornyn United States Senator Occidental Tower5005 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1150Dallas, Texas 75244-6199</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Dear Senator Cornyn:</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Your letter to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) forwarding correspondence from Mr. Terry S. Singeltary, Sr., has been forwarded to me for reply. Mr. Singeltary is concerned about the preservation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) brain samples that have been maintained by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Intramural Research program for many years. I am sorry to learn that Mr. Singeltary's mother died of CJD and can certainly understand his desire that any tissues that could help investigators unravel the puzzle of this deadly disease are preserved. I hope he will be pleased to learn that all the brains and other tissues with potential to help scientists learn about CJD are, and will continue to be, conserved. (The tissues that are discarded are those that have either decayed to an extent that renders them no longer appropriate for research or those for which we do not have sufficient identification.) The purpose of gathering these brains and tissues is to help scientists learn about CJD. To that end, some of the NINDS-held samples are distributed to investigators who can demonstrate that they have a compelling research or public health need for such materials. For example, samples have been transferred to NIH grantee Dr. Pierluigi Gambetti, who heads the National Prion Diseases Pathology Surveillance Center at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio and works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to monitor all cases of CJD in the United States. Dr. Gambetti studies the tissues to learn about the formation, physical and chemical properties, and pathogenic mechanisms of prion proteins, which are believed to be involved inthe cause of CJD. Samples have also been transferred to Dr. David Asher, at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for use in assessing a potential diagnostic test for CJD.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Page 2 - The Honorable John Cornyn</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>in closing, we know that donating organs and tissue from loved ones is a very difficult and personal choice that must often be made at the most stressful of times. We at the NINDS are grateful to those stalwart family members who make this choice in the selfless hope that it will help others afflicted with CJD. We also know the invaluable contribution such donations make to the advancement of medical science, and we are dedicated to the preservation of all of the tissue samples that can help in our efforts to overcome CJD.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>I hope this information is helpful to you in responding to Mr. Singeltary. Sincerely,</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Story C. Landis, Ph.D. Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>snip...see full text;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__creutzfeldt-2Djakob-2Ddisease.blogspot.com_2009_08_cjdstraight-2Dtalk-2Dwithjames.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=uLtG7Z0krV4fGFhUn64AAYxhTkWmZacSzc3Tjo_WTKs&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.upi.com_Science-5FNews_2005_05_31_NIH-2Dsays-2Dit-2Dwill-2Dpreserve-2DCJD-2Dbrains_67711117574761_&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=vfOPCZdiH5ZUWXkd-lZNQ9tL1EV5oBjBZLZpltiiRVc&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/05/31/NIH-says-it-will-preserve-CJD-brains/67711117574761/</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Singeltary, Sr et al. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734. Vol. 285 No. 6, February 14, 2001 JAMA </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex 1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__jama.jamanetwork.com_article.aspx-3Farticleid-3D1031186-25C2-25A0&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=DMT3AczHnYddHP4fSPkR1Rt8Hawu7hfjKPWMzOVi9SU&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1031186 </a>;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00715-1 Copyright © 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Newsdesk</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Tracking spongiform encephalopathies in North America</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Xavier Bosch</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Available online 29 July 2003. </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2003, Page 463 </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>“My name is Terry S Singeltary Sr, and I live in Bacliff, Texas. I lost my mom to hvCJD (Heidenhain variant CJD) and have been searching for answers ever since. What I have found is that we have not been told the truth. CWD in deer and elk is a small portion of a much bigger problem..” </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.thelancet.com_journals_laninf_article_PIIS1473309903007151_fulltext&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=K9KDEZmNQ6xGUNwEZcGFBDm_k3Es_TVMHFFCUw6nTgw&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473309903007151/fulltext</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__download.thelancet..com_pdfs_journals_1473-2D3099_PIIS1473309903007151.pdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=VHsWFHLvFzcPgXM6UyvRvVfLjKKyv1IWKNDgOKXtQP4&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://download.thelancet..com/pdfs/journals/1473-3099/PIIS1473309903007151.pdf</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>January 28, 2003; 60 (2) VIEWS & REVIEWS</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States Terry S. Singeltary, retired (medically) </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Published March 26, 2003</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>26 March 2003</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Terry S. Singeltary, retired (medically) CJD WATCH</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__n.neurology.org_content_re-2Dmonitoring-2Doccurrence-2Demerging-2Dforms-2Dcreutzfeldt-2Djakob-2Ddisease-2Dunited-2Dstates&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=ECfK2rPX1divioKVJUTJ5GW5aj4ljYeco_KjpL0nJQc&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://n.neurology.org/content/re-monitoring-occurrence-emerging-forms-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-united-states</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>SPORADIC CJD LAYING ODDS</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__link.springer.com_chapter_10.1007_0-2D387-2D21755-2DX-5F14&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=fdQMAfzTITgiscukZ18P3Lp1PVZrhPzOlOutdue0HQw&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-21755-X_14</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>In brief</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>BMJ 2000; 320 doi: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1136_bmj.320.7226.8_b&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=CG6Uqj4XnTqguGARMNrue37vAQNLowSj8pu-TYdqmzM&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7226.8/b</a> (Published 01 January 2000)</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Cite this as: BMJ 2000;320:8</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Rapid Response:</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>02 January 2000</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Terry S Singeltary</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>retired</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>U.S. Scientist should be concerned with a CJD epidemic in the U.S., as well... In reading your short article about 'Scientist warn of CJD epidemic' news in brief Jan. 1, 2000. I find the findings in the PNAS old news, made famous again. Why is the U.S. still sitting on their butts, ignoring the facts? We have the beginning of a CJD epidemic in the U.S., and the U.S. Gov. is doing everything in it's power to conceal it.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The exact same recipe for B.S.E. existed in the U.S. for years and years. In reading over the Qualitative Analysis of BSE Risk Factors-1, this is a 25 page report by the USDA:APHIS:VS. It could have been done in one page. The first page, fourth paragraph says it all;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>"Similarities exist in the two countries usage of continuous rendering technology and the lack of usage of solvents, however, large differences still remain with other risk factors which greatly reduce the potential risk at the national level."</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Then, the next 24 pages tries to down-play the high risks of B.S.E. in the U.S., with nothing more than the cattle to sheep ratio count, and the geographical locations of herds and flocks. That's all the evidence they can come up with, in the next 24 pages.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Something else I find odd, page 16;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>"In the United Kingdom there is much concern for a specific continuous rendering technology which uses lower temperatures and accounts for 25 percent of total output. This technology was _originally_ designed and imported from the United States. However, the specific application in the production process is _believed_ to be different in the two countries."</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>A few more factors to consider, page 15;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>"Figure 26 compares animal protein production for the two countries. The calculations are based on slaughter numbers, fallen stock estimates, and product yield coefficients. This approach is used due to variation of up to 80 percent from different reported sources. At 3.6 million tons, the United States produces 8 times more animal rendered product than the United Kingdom."</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>"The risk of introducing the BSE agent through sheep meat and bone meal is more acute in both relative and absolute terms in the United Kingdom (Figures 27 and 28). Note that sheep meat and bone meal accounts for 14 percent, or 61 thousand tons, in the United Kingdom versus 0.6 percent or 22 thousand tons in the United States. For sheep greater than 1 year, this is less than one-tenth of one percent of the United States supply."</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>"The potential risk of amplification of the BSE agent through cattle meat and bone meal is much greater in the United States where it accounts for 59 percent of total product or almost 5 times more than the total amount of rendered product in the United Kingdom."</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Considering, it would only take _one_ scrapie infected sheep to contaminate the feed. Considering Scrapie has run rampant in the U.S. for years, as of Aug. 1999, 950 scrapie infected flocks. Also, Considering only one quarter spoonful of scrapie infected material is lethal to a cow.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Considering all this, the sheep to cow ration is meaningless. As I said, it's 24 pages of B.S.e.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>To be continued...</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Bacliff, Texas USA</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Competing interests: No competing interests</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.bmj.com_rapid-2Dresponse_2011_10_28_us-2Dscientist-2Dshould-2Dbe-2Dconcerned-2Dcjd-2Depidemic-2Dus-2Dwell&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=k3wyeAUSTVpHnEdPHz2rnY9iHIYSwEXRH9Tf_fTXuaM&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/28/us-scientist-should-be-concerned-cjd-epidemic-us-well</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Rapid response to:</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>US scientists develop a possible test for BSE</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>15 November 1999</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Terry S Singeltary</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>NA</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>BMJ 1999; 319 doi: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1136_bmj.319.7220.1312b&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=vqaEZ1owbqYs2wPin07coqHCdoVNtYDthshnZ6dWji4&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7220.1312b</a> (Published 13 November 1999)</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Cite this as: BMJ 1999;319:1312</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Article Related content Article metrics </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Rapid responses </div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Response Rapid Response: Re: vCJD in the USA * BSE in U.S. In reading the recent article in the BMJ about the potential BSE tests being developed in the U.S. and Bart Van Everbroeck reply. It does not surprize me, that the U.S. has been concealing vCJD. There have been people dying from CJD, with all the symptoms and pathological findings that resemble U.K. vCJD for some time. It just seems that when there is one found, they seem to change the clarical classification of the disease, to fit their agenda. I have several autopsies, stating kuru type amyloid plaques, one of the victims was 41 years of age. Also, my Mom died a most hideous death, Heidenhain Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease. Her symptoms resemble that of all the U.K. vCJD victims. She would jerk so bad at times, it would take 3 of us to hold her down, while she screamed "God, what's wrong with me, why can't I stop this." 1st of symptoms to death, 10 weeks, she went blind in the first few weeks. But, then they told me that this was just another strain of sporadic CJD. They can call it what ever they want, but I know what I saw, and what she went through. Sporadic, simply means, they do not know. My neighbors Mom also died from CJD. She had been taking a nutritional supplement which contained the following; vacuum dried bovine BRAIN, bone meal, bovine EYE, veal bone, bovine liver powder, bovine adrenal, vacuum dried bovine kidney, and vacuum dried porcine stomach. As I said, this woman taking these nutritional supplements, died from CJD. The particular batch of pills that was located, in which she was taking, was tested. From what I have heard, they came up negative, for the prion protein. But, in the same breath, they said their testing, may not have been strong enough to pick up the infectivity. Plus, she had been taking these type pills for years, so, could it have come from another batch?</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>CWD is just a small piece of a very big puzzle. I have seen while deer hunting, deer, squirrels and birds, eating from cattle feed troughs where they feed cattle, the high protein cattle by products, at least up until Aug. 4, 1997.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>So why would it be so hard to believe that this is how they might become infected with a TSE. Or, even by potentially infected land. It's been well documented that it could be possible, from scrapie. Cats becoming infected with a TSE. Have you ever read the ingredients on the labels of cat and dog food? But, they do not put these tissues from these animals in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, hGH, hPG, blood products, heart valves, and the many more products that come from bovine, ovine, or porcine tissues and organs. So, as I said, this CWD would be a small piece of a very big puzzle. But, it is here, and it most likely has killed. You see, greed is what caused this catastrophe, rendering and feeding practices. But, once Pandora's box was opened, the potential routes of infection became endless.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>No BSE in the U.S.A.? I would not be so sure of that considering that since 1990;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Since 1990 the U.S. has raised 1,250,880,700 cattle;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Since 1990 the U.S. has ONLY checked 8,881 cattle brains for BSE, as of Oct. 4, 1999;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>There are apprx. 100,000 DOWNER cattle annually in the U.S., that up until Aug. 4, 1997 went to the renders for feed;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Scrapie running rampant for years in the U.S., 950 infected FLOCKS, as of Aug. 1999;</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Our feeding and rendering practices have mirrored that of the U.K. for years, some say it was worse. Everything from the downer cattle, to those scrapie infected sheep, to any roadkill, including the city police horse and the circus elephant went to the renders for feed and other products for consumption. Then they only implemented a partial feed ban on Aug. 4, 1997, but pigs, chickens, dogs, and cats, and humans were exempt from that ban. So they can still feed pigs and chickens those potentially TSE tainted by-products, and then they can still feed those by-products back to the cows. I believe it was Dr. Joe Gibbs, that said, the prion protein, can survive the digestinal track. So you have stopped nothing. It was proven in Oprah Winfrey's trial, that Cactus Cattle feeders, sent neurologically ill cattle, some with encephalopathy stamped on the dead slips, were picked up and sent to the renders, along with sheep carcasses. Speaking of autopsies, I have a stack of them, from CJD victims. You would be surprised of the number of them, who ate cow brains, elk brains, deer brains, or hog brains.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>I believe all these TSE's are going to be related, and originally caused by the same greedy Industries, and they will be many. Not just the Renders, but you now see, that they are re-using medical devices that were meant for disposal. Some medical institutions do not follow proper auto- claving procedures (even Olympus has put out a medical warning on their endescopes about CJD, and the fact you cannot properly clean these instruments from TSE's), and this is just one product. Another route of infection.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Regardless what the Federal Government in the U.S. says. It's here, I have seen it, and the longer they keep sweeping it under the rug and denying the fact that we have a serious problem, one that could surpass aids (not now, but in the years to come, due to the incubation period), they will be responsible for the continued spreading of this deadly disease.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>It's their move, it's CHECK, but once CHECKMATE has been called, how many thousands or millions, will be at risk or infected or even dead. You can't play around with these TSE's. I cannot stress that enough. They are only looking at body bags, and the fact the count is so low. But, then you have to look at the fact it is not a reportable disease in most states, mis-diagnosis, no autopsies performed. The fact that their one-in-a- million theory is a crude survey done about 5 years ago, that's a joke, under the above circumstances. A bad joke indeed........</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>The truth will come, but how many more have to die such a hideous death. It's the Government's call, and they need to make a serious move, soon. This problem, potential epidemic, is not going away, by itself.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Bacliff, Texas 77518 USA</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="mailto:flounder@wt.net" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:flounder@wt.net">flounder@wt.net</a></div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div>Competing interests: No competing interests</div><div><br clear="none" /></div><div><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.bmj.com_content_319_7220_1312.3&d=DwMFaQ&c=sWW_bEwW_mLyN3Kx2v57Q8e-CRbmiT9yOhqES_g_wVY&r=M3R_1RzzxXIy_rKL8kDj5qTTqScMTmeKM6Fs0ETE5PE&m=thrEXb7xk2rpY5-BuWGCTz1FDueo0HVG1cSa01pIEkI&s=m7x_o-c64k7GWvvqHAUxkJXsN9sOrgLZdQBb8wNpCn0&e=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/319/7220/1312.3</a></div></div></div><div><br /></div></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;">WASTED DAYS AND WASTED NIGHTS...FREDDY FENDER</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bacliff, Texas USA 77518</span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><</span><a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net">flounder9@verizon.net</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">> Bacliff, Texas USA, Galveston Bay...on the bottom.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="AOLWebSuite AOLWebSuiteM1" data-dojo-attach-point="bodyCont" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 20px 4px;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div class="AOLWebSuite AOLWebSuiteM1" data-dojo-attach-point="bodyCont" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 20px 4px;"><div id="yiv5379999387"><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br clear="none" /></span></div></div></div></div></div>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-31594259574782978032017-07-13T14:48:00.002-05:002017-07-13T16:30:29.355-05:00TEXAS CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE CJD TSE PRION<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/">https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Deaths by Age Group per Year (2006-2015)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> AGE GROUP 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 TOTAL</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Under 55 Years of Age 3 3 4 1 7 4 6 1 5 2 36</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 55 Years of Age & Older 8 11 15 20 21 14 15 13 21 16 154</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> TOTAL 11 14 19 21 28 18 21 14 26 18 190</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Deaths and Death Rates in Texas per Year (2006 - 2015)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Year Case Count Case Rate Per Million Population</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2006 11 0.47</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2007 14 0.59 </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2008 19 0.78</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2009 21 0.85</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2010 28 1.11</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2011 18 0.7</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2012 21 0.8</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2013 14 0.53</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2014 26 0.96</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2015 18 0.65</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> TOTAL 190 </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Average Rate of Deaths/Million Population/10 years =0.744 </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Average Number of Texas Cases per Year =19 </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Deaths by Case Classification per Year in Texas (2006-2015)</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> YEAR CONFIRMED PROBABLE POSSIBLE TOTAL</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2006 5 6 0 11</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2007 11 2 1 14</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2008 14 4 1 19</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2009 13 6 2 21</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2010 20 8 0 28</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2011 13 5 0 18</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2012 11 10 0 21</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2013 10 4 0 14</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2014 15 11 0 26</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 2015 13 4 1 18</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> TOTAL 125 60 5 190 </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Deaths by Gender per Year (2006-2015)</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">GENDER 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 TOTAL</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">FEMALES 2 9 9 12 16 8 10 8 15 10 99</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">MALES 9 5 10 9 12 10 11 6 11 8 91</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">TOTAL 11 14 19 21 28 18 21 14 26 18 190</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">GENDER 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 AVG %</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">% FEMALES 18% 64% 47% 57% 57% 44% 48% 57% 58% 56% 52%</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">% MALES 82% 36% 53% 43% 43% 56% 52% 43% 42% 44% 48% </span></span><br />
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<img alt="CJD 2015" class="fancy" draggable="true" src="https://www.dshs.texas.gov/uploadedImages/Content/Prevention_and_Preparedness/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/CJD%202016.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 521px;" title="CJD 2015" /></div>
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<img alt="CJD gender 2015" class="fancy" draggable="true" src="https://www.dshs.texas.gov/uploadedImages/Content/Prevention_and_Preparedness/IDCU/disease/creutzfeldt_jakob/data/CJD%20Gender%202015.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 413px;" title="CJD gender 2015" /></div>
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<b><a href="https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/</a></b></div>
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<b>Recent Texas Trends</b></div>
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CJD is a rare, invariably fatal neurodegenerative disease with a rate of 0.5 to 1.5 cases per million inhabitants per year. In Texas, the average rate of CJD deaths per million population over the past 10 and 5 years is 0.74 cases per million and 0.73 cases per million; respectively. This corresponds to an average of 19.0 cases reported per year over the last 10 years and an average of 19.4 cases reported per year over the past 5 years. The proportional increase in surveillance to the increase in population is evidenced by small difference between the 5 year and 10 year average case count and rate.</div>
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In 2014, Texas had the 4<sup style="line-height: 0;">th</sup> variant CJD case to be reported in the United States. A full description of the case and investigation can be found at: <a href="http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/5/pdfs/14-2017.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #425e1a; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/5/pdfs/14-2017.pdf</a></div>
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***While CJD remains a NOTIFIABLE DISEASE in Texas, it is still under-reported and misdiagnosed. </div>
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***The under-reporting of disease, the rarity of disease, and the lack of pre-mortem confirmatory diagnostic test all contribute to rates being below the expected 1.0 case per million population per year.</div>
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To confirm a diagnosis of CJD neuropathological analysis of brain tissue must be performed. Brain tissue is preferably obtained by autopsy rather than biopsy. Efforts still continue to educate the public and medical providers on the importance of confirming a diagnosis and the services available to those interested in a confirmatory diagnosis (many of them are at no cost to the family). Autopsy is available free through the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center for all suspect cases of CJD. Please see <a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #425e1a; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">www.cjdsurveillance.com</a> for more information.</div>
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<a href="https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Report Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) within one week.</span></div>
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Diagnostic Criteria (PDF 65KB)</div>
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CJD became a notifiable condition in 1998 in Texas. Suspected cases of CJD should be reported to local health departments by dialing 1-800-705-8868.</div>
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Several Texas laws (Tex. Health & Safety Code, Chapters 81, 84 and 87) require specific information regarding notifiable conditions be provided to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). Health care providers, hospitals, laboratories, schools, and others are required to report patients who are suspected of having a notifiable condition (25 Tex. Admin. Code §97.2New Window).</div>
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In September 1997, the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (Prion Center) was established at the Division of Neuropathology of Case Western Reserve University to, among other functions, assist clinicians in the diagnosis of prion disease. The NPDPSC assists clinicians by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and brain tissue.</div>
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Information about diagnostic services, protocols for various CJD testing, and specimen submission can be obtained at Prion Center http://case.edu/med/pathology/centers/npdpsc/ or by contacting the director, Dr. Jiri Safar and staff at the Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Rd., 5129 WRB, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288; Phone: (216) 368-3611; Fax: (216) 368-0494; E-mail; cjdsurveillance@case.edu.</div>
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Physicians are strongly encouraged to confirm the diagnosis of CJD by arranging for an autopsy following the death of the person suspected of having CJD. This is especially important if the person had an onset at age less than 55. Please contact the center above for assistance or specimen submission. </div>
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<a href="https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/reporting/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.dshs.texas.gov/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/reporting/</a></div>
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Regional Surveillance Report: June 2016</div>
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Table 1: Reported Disease Case Counts in Health Service Region 2, June 2016</div>
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Disease June 2016 January - December 2016 5-Year Monthly Median Ŧ Total Cases in Previous Years Counties Reporting during June 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2016 (Counts)</div>
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)/Prion Disease 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1</div>
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Table 2: Reported Disease Case Counts in Health Service Region 3, June 2016</div>
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Disease June 2016 January – December 2016 5-Year Monthly Median Ŧ Total Cases in Previous Years Counties Reporting during June 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2016 (Counts)</div>
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)/Prion Disease 0 0 0 6 9 1 6 2</div>
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<a href="https://www.google.com/#safe=active&q=TEXAS+CJD+PRION+REGION+3" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.google.com/#safe=active&q=TEXAS+CJD+PRION+REGION+3</a></div>
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THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 2017 </div>
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National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Cases Examined(1) (May 18, 2017)</div>
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<a href="http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2017/06/national-prion-disease-pathology.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2017/06/national-prion-disease-pathology.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: 13px;">MONDAY, JUNE 19, 2017 </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia";"><span style="font-size: 13px;">Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee June 2017 CJD, BSE, Scrapie, CWD, TSE, Prion? </span></span></div>
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<a href="http://%20http//creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/transmissible-spongiform.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http:// http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/transmissible-spongiform.html</a></div>
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MONDAY, AUGUST 22, 2016 </div>
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CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE USA 2015 SPORADIC CJD TOTAL FIGURES REACHES HIGHEST ANNUAL COUNT TO DATE AT 239 CONFIRMED CASES</div>
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2016/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-usa-2015.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2016/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-usa-2015.html</a></div>
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SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 2015 </div>
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Canada and United States Creutzfeldt Jakob TSE Prion Disease Incidence Rates Increasing</div>
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2015/03/canada-and-united-states-creutzfeldt.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2015/03/canada-and-united-states-creutzfeldt.html</a></div>
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WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2014 </div>
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Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas in June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European Sunday, November 23, 2014</div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas in June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The completed investigation did not support the patient's having had extended travel to European countries, including the United Kingdom, or travel to Saudi Arabia. The specific overseas country where this patient’s infection occurred is less clear largely because the investigation did not definitely link him to a country where other known vCJD cases likely had been infected.</span></div>
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<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2015/04/vcjd-texas-cdc-emerging-infectious.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2015/04/vcjd-texas-cdc-emerging-infectious.html</a></div>
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UPDATED TODAY WITH OLD HISTORY OF ANOTHER NVCJD CASE IN TEXAS IN 2005, AND PLEASE SEE HISTORY OF MAD COW CASES IN TEXAS THAT WAS COVERED UP BELOW TOWARD THE BOTTOM HERE, AND THE BANNED MAD COW FEED THAT WAS FED TO THEM...TSS</div>
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here is another record of a poor soul from Texas, that lived here for four years, and evidently never ate anything, just drank beer. odd how in Texas, you get these damn Brits with nvCJD, that come over to Texas and all they do is drink beer, and never eat, absolutely impossible to catch mad cow disease here in the USA, because it’s not here, and these Britts come here and never eat anything. what’s up with that. yet there are other strange cases of human TSE prion disease in Texas, the very young, long duration of illness till death, (see odd cases in original link post, and the cases of mad cow disease covered up in Texas, and the massive amount of banned mad cow feed, and what Texas claimed was o.k. i.e. 5.5 grams, because the steers were 600 lbs (more BSeee), see towards the bottom of original link. odd, back then when reported on nvCJD cases, you got the age, and extent of travel, diet, what not, but this June 2014 Texas human BSE vCJD case, not much information, just the same old BSeee, yada, yada, yada. ...tss</div>
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Date: 12/9/05 </div>
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Texas Briton has vCJD Although likely infected in UK, case deemed U.S. </div>
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HOUSTON (AP)--A Briton who lived in Houston for four years has been diagnosed with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the human form of bovine spongiform encephlopathy, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control said. </div>
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The 30-year-old man was diagnosed with the second U.S. case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease because his symptoms began while he lived in Houston, the CDC said Nov. 21. </div>
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Earlier this year, the man, who was not identified, returned to Britain, where his disease progressed and he is now receiving medical treatment for the fatal illness. </div>
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The U.K. National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit in Edinburgh, Scotland, informed the Atlanta-based CDC of the probable variant CJD diagnosis, and told the U.S. disease center that the case would need to be reported as a U.S. case since the symptoms appeared when he lived in Texas. </div>
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The man was born in the United Kingdom and lived there from 1980-1996, a period during which those living in the country were at risk of exposure to beef products infected with BSE. </div>
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The CDC said it was unlikely that he contracted the disease in the United States because his stay in the Texas was deemed "too brief relative to what is known about the incubation period for variant CJD," the CDC said. It is believed he was infected in the United Kingdom because the disease's incubation period can last years, sometimes decades. </div>
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"He lived in the United Kingdom for the whole time they had a problem," Lawrence B. Schonberger, a CDC medical epidemiologist, said. "Almost certainly, this case represents a continuation of the outbreak that is going on in the United Kingdom and it is just by convention that he happened to have gotten sick here." </div>
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The variant disease, which is contracted by eating the brain or other nervous system tissue of an animal infected with BSE, first was discovered in 1996 in the United Kingdom. It typically ends in death within a few years of diagnosis. </div>
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The man was not hospitalized while living in Houston and had not undergone any invasive medical procedures or received donated blood, the CDC said. </div>
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A total of 185 people from 11 countries have been diagnosed with variant CJD since 1996. A majority of the cases--158--have been diagnosed in Great Britain, while there have been 15 in France, three in Ireland and two in the United States. Canada, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, Saudi Arabia and Spain have each also reported a case. </div>
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The first U.S. case involved a woman from Britain who was living in Florida. She died last year, Schonberger said. </div>
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CDC spokesman David Daigle said there is no connection between the Briton's diagnosis with variant CJD and the presence of BSE found in a Texas cow earlier this year. </div>
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The 12-year-old Brahma-cross beef cow, which was born in Texas, was the first time a native-born case of the disease was discovered in the United States. The animal, which died in April on the farm where it lived, did not enter the human food or animal feed supply chain.</div>
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Date: 12/9/05 </div>
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<a href="http://www.hpj.com/archives/2005/dec05/dec19/TexasBritonhasvCJD.cfm#.U48y9cJOWt8" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.hpj.com/archives/2005/dec05/dec19/TexasBritonhasvCJD.cfm#.U48y9cJOWt8</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">see cdc report here ;</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The second patient resided in Texas during 2001-2005. Symptoms began in early 2005 while the patient was in Texas. He then returned to the United Kingdom, where his illness progressed, and a diagnosis of variant CJD was made. The diagnosis was confirmed neuropathologically at the time of the patient's death. While living in the United States, the patient had no history of hospitalization, of having invasive medical procedures, or of donation or receipt of blood and blood products. The patient almost certainly acquired the disease in the United Kingdom. He was born in the United Kingdom and lived there throughout the defined period of risk (1980-1996) for human exposure to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly known as "mad cow" disease). His stay in the United States was too brief relative to what is known about the incubation period for variant CJD. ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">see the other USA nvCJD cases here ;</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd/factsheet_nvcjd.htm" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd/factsheet_nvcjd.htm</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">*** remember what deep throat told me long ago ;</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">DEEP THROAT TO TSS 2000-2001 (take these old snips of emails with how ever many grains of salt you wish. ...tss)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">The most frightening thing I have read all day is the report of Gambetti's finding of a new strain of sporadic cjd in young people...Dear God, what in the name of all that is holy is that!!! If the US has different strains of scrapie.....why????than the UK...then would the same mechanisms that make different strains of scrapie here make different strains of BSE...if the patterns are different in sheep and mice for scrapie.....could not the BSE be different in the cattle, in the mink, in the humans.......</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">I really think the slides or tissues and everything from these young people with the new strain of sporadic cjd should be put up to be analyzed by many, many experts in cjd........bse.....scrapie </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Scrape the damn slide and put it into mice.....wait.....chop up the mouse brain and and spinal cord........put into some more mice.....dammit amplify the thing and start the damned research.....This is NOT rocket science...we need to use what we know and get off our butts and move....the whining about how long everything takes.....well it takes a whole lot longer if you whine for a year and then start the research!!! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Not sure where I read this but it was a recent press release or something like that: I thought I would fall out of my chair when I read about how there was no worry about infectivity from a histopath slide or tissues because they are preserved in formic acid, or formalin or formaldehyde.....for God's sake........ Ask any pathologist in the UK what the brain tissues in the formalin looks like after a year.......it is a big fat sponge...the agent continues to eat the brain ......you can't make slides anymore because the agent has never stopped........and the old slides that are stained with Hemolysin and Eosin......they get holier and holier and degenerate and continue...what you looked at 6 months ago is not there........Gambetti better be photographing every damned thing he is looking at.....</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Okay, you need to know. You don't need to pass it on as nothing will come of it and there is not a damned thing anyone can do about it. Don't even hint at it as it will be denied and laughed at.......... USDA is gonna do as little as possible until there is actually a human case in the USA of the nvcjd........if you want to move this thing along and shake the earth....then we gotta get the victims families to make sure whoever is doing the autopsy is credible, trustworthy, and a saint with the courage of Joan of Arc........I am not kidding!!!! so, unless we get a human death from EXACTLY the same form with EXACTLY the same histopath lesions as seen in the UK nvcjd........forget any action........it is ALL gonna be sporadic!!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">And, if there is a case.......there is gonna be every effort to link it to international travel, international food, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. They will go so far as to find out if a sex partner had ever traveled to the UK/europe, etc. etc. .... It is gonna be a long, lonely, dangerous twisted journey to the truth. They have all the cards, all the money, and are willing to threaten and carry out those threats....and this may be their biggest downfall...</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Thanks as always for your help. (Recently had a very startling revelation from a rather senior person in government here..........knocked me out of my chair........you must keep pushing. If I was a power person....I would be demanding that there be a least a million bovine tested as soon as possible and agressively seeking this disease. The big players are coming out of the woodwork as there is money to be made!!! In short: "FIRE AT WILL"!!! for the very dumb....who's "will"! "Will be the burden to bare if there is any coverup!"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">again it was said years ago and it should be taken seriously....BSE will NEVER be found in the US! As for the BSE conference call...I think you did a great service to freedom of information and making some people feign integrity...I find it scary to see that most of the "experts" are employed by the federal government or are supported on the "teat" of federal funds. A scary picture! I hope there is a confidential panel organized by the new government to really investigate this thing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">You need to watch your back........but keep picking at them.......like a buzzard to the bone...you just may get to the truth!!! (You probably have more support than you know. Too many people are afraid to show you or let anyone else know. I have heard a few things myself... you ask the questions that everyone else is too afraid to ask.) </span></div>
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END...TSS </div>
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UPDATED OLD HISTORY MYSTERIOUS CASES OF CJD TEXAS ;</div>
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CJD NE TEXAS CLUSTER</div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Northeast Texas</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">J.A. Rawlings,*1 K.A. Hendricks1, O.M. Nuno1, D.A. Brown1, D.A. Evans2, Texas Department of Health, 1Austin and 2Tyler, Texas </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is caused by prions composed of proteinaceous material devoid of nucleic acid. CJD occurs sporadically (generally 1 case/1,000,000 population per year) in older patients (average age of 65) and is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, accompanied by severe muscle spasms and incoordination. Death usually occurs within 3 to 12 months (average 7 months). CJD activity in Texas, which has a population of nearly 19 million, appeared to be typical. The statewide death rate for 1995 and 1996 was just under 1/1,000,000. In April of 1997, the Texas Department of Health became aware of an increased number of possible CJD cases in a 23-county area of NE Texas with a population of just over one million. After review of medical and pathology records, four patients were identified with definite classic CJD and three were identified with probable CJD. Dates of death for the eight patients were from April, 1996 through mid-July 1997. The patients were from 46 through 65 years of age; four were male and three were female. A case-control study to identify risks for CJD in NE Texas has been initiated. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm</a> </div>
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<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/06/confirmed-variant-cjd-case-in-texas.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/06/confirmed-variant-cjd-case-in-texas.html</a></div>
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SUNDAY, AUGUST 11, 2013 </div>
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America updated report August 2013</div>
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-cases.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-cases.html</a></div>
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SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2013 </div>
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Prion Disease Cases in Texas by Year, 2003-2012</div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2013/10/prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by-year_13.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2013/10/prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by-year_13.html</a></div>
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Sunday, February 12, 2012 </div>
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National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Cases Examined1 (August 19, 2011) including Texas </div>
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<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/02/national-prion-disease-pathology.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/02/national-prion-disease-pathology.html</a></div>
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WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 09, 2011</div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Case report Sporadic fatal insomnia in a young woman: A diagnostic challenge: Case Report TEXAS </span></div>
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HOW TO TURN A POTENTIAL MAD COW VICTIM IN THE USA, INTO A HAPPENSTANCE OF BAD LUCK, A SPONTANEOUS MUTATION FROM NOTHING. </div>
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OR WAS IT $$$ </div>
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<a href="https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-136" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-136</a></div>
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html</a></div>
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TUESDAY, JUNE 1, 2010 </div>
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USA cases of dpCJD rising with 24 cases so far in 2010</div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html</a></div>
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>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<< </div>
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Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas</div>
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Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas. She left 6 Kids and a Husband.The Purpose of this web is to give information in Spanish to the Hispanic community, and to all the community who want's information about this terrible disease.- Physician Discharge Summary, Parkland Hospital, Dallas Texas Admit Date: 12/29/2009 Discharge Date: 1/20/2010 Attending Provider: Greenberg, Benjamin Morris; General Neurology Team: General Neurology Team Linda was a Hispanic female with no past medical history presents with 14 months of incresing/progressive altered mental status, generalized weakness, inability to walk, loss of appetite, inability to speak, tremor and bowel/blader incontinence.She was, in her usual state of health up until February, 2009, when her husbans notes that she began forgetting things like names and short term memories. He also noticed mild/vague personality changes such as increased aggression. In March, she was involved in a hit and run MVA,although she was not injured. The police tracked her down and ticketed her. At that time, her son deployed to Iraq with the Army and her husband assumed her mentation changes were due to stress over these two events. Also in March, she began to have weakness in her legs, making it difficult to walk. Over the next few months, her mentation and personality changes worsened, getting to a point where she could no longer recognized her children. She was eating less and less. She was losing more weight. In the last 2-3 months, she reached the point where she could not walk without an assist, then 1 month ago, she stopped talking, only making grunting/aggressive sounds when anyone came near her. She also became both bowel and bladder incontinent, having to wear diapers. Her '"tremor'" and body jerks worsened and her hands assumed a sort of permanent grip position, leading her family to put tennis balls in her hands to protect her fingers. The husband says that they have lived in Nebraska for the past 21 years. They had seen a doctor there during the summer time who prescribed her Seroquel and Lexapro, Thinking these were sx of a mood disorder. However, the medications did not help and she continued to deteriorate clinically. Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. The husband says that he does not know any fellow workers with a similar illness. He also says that she did not have any preceeding illness or travel. </div>
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<a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8</a> </div>
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>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<< </div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Irma Linda Andablo, victima de CJD</span></div>
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"...padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico, Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010" Irma Linda Martinez nació en el pueblo de Batesville Texas un 17 de mayo de 1971, padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico (mal de la vaca loca conocido en español) Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010. A continuación describiremos datos de su padecimiento: Se casó a la edad de 16 años con Everardo Andablo (Lalo) ella residió en Lexington Nebraska, desde ese entonces, trabajó aproximadamente 11 años en una compañia de matanza de vacas y procesadora de carne (Tyson) ella trabajaba en el rastro o el área de matanza, para el 2008 ella trabajaba como agente de seguridad para esta misma compañia, para ese entonces ella empezó a presentar cambios en su vida, su próximo trabajo fue en Subway dentro de una tienda comercial, donde los cambios de salud empezaron a ser muy notorios pues empezó a perder mucho peso, de 237 L de su peso normal empezó perdiendo 24 L en menos de un mes, esto era sorprendente!!! fué entonces cuando dejó el trabajo en febrero del 2009, de repente empezó a olvidar datos importantes. La siguiente información es una traducción pertenece al comunicado que el equipo de neurologia del hospital Parkland en la ciudad de Dallas Texas liberó a su salida, después de haber estado internada del 29 de diciembre del 2009 a enero 20 del 2010, en este comunicado se encuentra el historial tanto médico como de sintomas presentados en Linda: Physician Discharge Summary : (traducido y adaptado) "...Mujer de 38 años presento 10 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfínteres, ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos" "El 29 de Diciembre del 2009 Fué admitida en el Hospital Parkland de Dallas por demencia de acuerdo a los síntomas de presentaba, Mujer de 38 años presentó 14 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfinteres. Ella empezó a olvidar los nombres de las personas que la rodeaban, datos importantes personales, también presentó algunos cambios de personalidad como incremento de agresión.Para el mes de Marzo del 2008 ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos (6 hijos), ella cada vez comia menos, cada vez perdia más peso.Para el tiempo que ella arrivo a Dallas para la navidad del 2009 ella no caminaba en lo absoluto, no hablaba solo hacia sonidos agresivos cuando alguien se acercaba a ella, el temblor en sus manos empezó a ser más fuerte, sus manos solo tenian posición de sostener algo fuerte, ella siempre... Read more... </div>
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http://www.recordandoalinda.com/ </div>
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"...padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico, Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010"</div>
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Irma Linda Martinez nació en el pueblo de Batesville Texas un 17 de mayo de 1971, padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico (mal de la vaca loca conocido en español) Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010.</div>
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A continuación describiremos datos de su padecimiento:</div>
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Se casó a la edad de 16 años con Everardo Andablo (Lalo) ella residió en Lexington Nebraska, desde ese entonces, trabajó aproximadamente 11 años en una compañia de matanza de vacas y procesadora de carne (Tyson) ella trabajaba en el rastro o el área de matanza, para el 2008 ella trabajaba como agente de seguridad para esta misma compañia, para ese entonces ella empezó a presentar cambios en su vida, su próximo trabajo fue en Subway dentro de una tienda comercial, donde los cambios de salud empezaron a ser muy notorios pues empezó a perder mucho peso, de 237 L de su peso normal empezó perdiendo 24 L en menos de un mes, esto era sorprendente!!! fué entonces cuando dejó el trabajo en febrero del 2009, de repente empezó a olvidar datos importantes.</div>
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La siguiente información es una traducción pertenece al comunicado que el equipo de neurologia del hospital Parkland en la ciudad de Dallas Texas liberó a su salida, después de haber estado internada del 29 de diciembre del 2009 a enero 20 del 2010, en este comunicado se encuentra el historial tanto médico como de sintomas presentados en Linda:</div>
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Physician Discharge Summary : (traducido y adaptado)</div>
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"...Mujer de 38 años presento 10 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfínteres, ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos"</div>
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"El 29 de Diciembre del 2009 Fué admitida en el Hospital Parkland de Dallas por demencia de acuerdo a los síntomas de presentaba, Mujer de 38 años presentó 14 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfinteres. Ella empezó a olvidar los nombres de las personas que la rodeaban, datos importantes personales, también presentó algunos cambios de personalidad como incremento de agresión.Para el mes de Marzo del 2008 ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos (6 hijos), ella cada vez comia menos, cada vez perdia más peso.Para el tiempo que ella arrivo a Dallas para la navidad del 2009 ella no caminaba en lo absoluto, no hablaba solo hacia sonidos agresivos cuando alguien se acercaba a ella, el temblor en sus manos empezó a ser más fuerte, sus manos solo tenian posición de sostener algo fuerte, ella siempre portaba pelotas pequeñas para que no se lastimara con sus propias uñas"</div>
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En terminos Médicos ella prensento un desorden mental con ansiedad y pérdida del habla y contracciones en los musculos que la inmobilizaba. Esto llevo a los médicos a predecir el diagnostico de CJD esporádico o variante, después de reuniones familiares se llego al acuerdo de no proseguir con los exámenes indicados como una biopsia cerebral debido al estado de debilidad y gravedad de ella, pues peligraba su vida y por consiguiente peligraban los médicos que le aplicarian el exámen ya que es demasiado contagioso.</div>
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Ella fué dada de alta con el diagnostico de CJD Esporádico, sin medicamento y con pocas esperanzas y semanas de vida. </div>
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<a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:frontpage&catid=1:frontpage" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:frontpage&catid=1:frontpage </a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">please see full text ; </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Monday, March 29, 2010 </span></div>
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Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas </div>
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html</a></div>
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MONDAY, APRIL 5, 2010 </div>
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UPDATE - CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER</div>
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<a href="http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html</a></div>
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Sunday, July 11, 2010</div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;">CJD or prion disease 2 CASES McLennan County Texas population 230,213 both cases in their 40s</span></div>
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html</a></div>
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FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2009 </div>
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008</div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html</a></div>
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MONDAY, JULY 21, 2008 </div>
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Officials await tests on man for human Mad Cow Disease (Texas)</div>
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don't these dummies know by now that the USA does not have any mad cow disease and or any human cjd ramifications from a mad cow, cause the USDA says so... NOT</div>
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there has been a decade old, systematic cover-up of corporate homicide just because of trade, futures and commodities. the elderly demented, your grandma and grandpa, mom and dad, sisters and brothers, are all expendable, due to the fact the American joe-cue-public is just to damn lazy to care. the elderly and demented are expendable. but mark my word here and now, it's here, and has been, call it what you like..... </div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2008/07/officials-await-tests-on-man-for-human.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2008/07/officials-await-tests-on-man-for-human.html</a></div>
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FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 2008 </div>
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Amarillo-area (suspect sporadic CJD) case linked to mad cow disease Rumor in Texas</div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2008/11/amarillo-area-suspect-sporadic-cjd-case.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2008/11/amarillo-area-suspect-sporadic-cjd-case.html</a></div>
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SUNDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2007 </div>
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas 2000-2006</div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a></div>
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2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006 </div>
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<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a></div>
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SUNDAY, AUGUST 28, 2011 </div>
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Rick Perry, Texas, BSE aka mad cow disease, CJD, and 12 years of lies there from</div>
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<a href="http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/2011/08/rick-perry-texas-bse-aka-mad-cow.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/2011/08/rick-perry-texas-bse-aka-mad-cow.html</a></div>
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THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2015 </div>
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Former Ag Secretary Ann Veneman talks women in agriculture and we talk mad cow disease USDA and what really happened</div>
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<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2015/10/former-ag-secretary-ann-veneman-talks.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2015/10/former-ag-secretary-ann-veneman-talks.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">SATURDAY, MAY 27, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">TEXAS New Chronic Wasting Disease Management Response Rules Adopted</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/texas-new-chronic-wasting-disease.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/texas-new-chronic-wasting-disease.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">MONDAY, MAY 15, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">TEXAS New CWD TSE PRION Case Discovered at Fifth Captive Deer Breeding Facility</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/texas-new-cwd-tse-prion-case-discovered.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/texas-new-cwd-tse-prion-case-discovered.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">SUNDAY, MAY 14, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">85th Legislative Session 2017 AND THE TEXAS TWO STEP Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion, and paying to play</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/85th-legislative-session-2017-and-texas.html%C2%A0" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/85th-legislative-session-2017-and-texas.html</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">TPWD UPDATE CWD TSE Prion 49 confirmed cases and unwanted firsts for Texas </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/03/tpwd-update-cwd-tse-prion-49-confirmed.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/03/tpwd-update-cwd-tse-prion-49-confirmed.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">FRIDAY, JANUARY 27, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">TEXAS, Politicians, TAHC, TPWD, and the spread of CWD TSE Prion in Texas</span></div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-politicians-tahc-tpwd-and-spread.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-politicians-tahc-tpwd-and-spread.html</a></div>
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SEE HISTORY OF CWD IN TEXAS AND TERRY SINGELTARY PLEA TO TEST TO FIND CWD TSE PRION OVER 17 YEARS, TO NO AVAIL...</div>
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Evidence That Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Results from Feeding Infected Cattle</div>
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Over the next 8-10 weeks, approximately 40% of all the adult mink on the farm died from TME.<br />
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The rancher was a ''dead stock'' feeder using mostly (>95%) downer or dead dairy cattle...<br />
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<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09a/tab01.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09a/tab01.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1987/06/10004001.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1987/06/10004001.pdf</a><br />
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In Confidence - Perceptions of unconventional slow virus diseases of animals in the USA - APRIL-MAY 1989 - G A H Wells<br />
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3. Prof. A. Robertson gave a brief account of BSE. The US approach was to accord it a very low profile indeed. Dr. A Thiermann showed the picture in the ''Independent'' with cattle being incinerated and thought this was a fanatical incident to be avoided in the US at all costs. ...<br />
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<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060307063531/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20060307063531/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a><br />
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The occurrence of CWD must be viewed against the contest of the locations in which it occurred. It was an incidental and unwelcome complication of the respective wildlife research programmes. Despite its subsequent recognition as a new disease of cervids, therefore justifying direct investigation, no specific research funding was forthcoming. The USDA veiwed it as a wildlife problem and consequently not their province! ...page 26.<br />
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<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a><br />
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*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD. The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr. Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had previously been occupied by sheep.<br />
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<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a></div>
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Wednesday, December 21, 2016</div>
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TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES 2016 ANNUAL REPORT ARS RESEARCH</div>
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<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/12/transmission-differentiation-and.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/12/transmission-differentiation-and.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">Monday, January 09, 2017 </span><br />
<br style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">Oral Transmission of L-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent among Cattle CDC Volume 23, Number 2—February 2017 </span><br />
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<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2017/01/oral-transmission-of-l-type-bovine.html" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2017/01/oral-transmission-of-l-type-bovine.html</a><br />
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<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2016/07/atypical-bovine-spongiform.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2016/07/atypical-bovine-spongiform.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/</a><br />
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SPONTANEOUS ATYPICAL BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY<br />
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***Moreover, sporadic disease has never been observed in breeding colonies or primate research laboratories, most notably among hundreds of animals over several decades of study at the National Institutes of Health25, and in nearly twenty older animals continuously housed in our own facility.***<br />
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<a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11573" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11573</a><br />
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*** TEXAS TAHC OLD STATISTICS BELOW FOR PAST CWD TESTING ***<br />
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CWD TEXAS TAHC OLD FILE HISTORY<br />
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updated from some of my old files, some of the links will not work.<br />
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*** Subject: CWD testing in Texas ***<br />
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Date: Sun, 25 Aug 2002 19:45:14 –0500<br />
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From: Kenneth Waldrup<br />
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To: <a href="mailto:flounder@wt.net" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">flounder@wt.net</a><br />
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snip...see ;<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/texas-animal-health-commission.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/texas-animal-health-commission.html</a><br />
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i am not a Doctor and never anywhere have i implied i was, or have implied nothing more than who i am, and why i do it...terry<br />
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Subject: CWD SURVEILLANCE STATISTICS TEXAS (total testing figures less than 50 in two years)</div>
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Date: Sun, 25 Aug 2002 21:06:49 –0700<br />
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From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />
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Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy<br />
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To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de<br />
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######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br />
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greetings list members,<br />
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here are some figures on CWD testing in TEXAS...TSS<br />
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Dear Dr. Singletary,<br />
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In Fiscal Year 2001, seven deer from Texas were tested by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) for CWD (5 fallow deer and 2 white-tailed deer). In Fiscal Year 2002, seven elk from Texas were tested at NVSL (no deer). During these two years, an additional six elk and one white-tailed deer were tested at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL). In Fiscal Year 2002, four white-tailed deer (free-ranging clinical suspects) and at least eight other white-tailed deer have been tested at TVMDL. One elk has been tested at NVSL. All of these animals have been found negative for CWD. Dr. Jerry Cooke of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department also has records of 601 clinically ill white-tailed deer which were necropsied at Texas A&M during the late 1960's and early 1970's, and no spongiform encepalopathies were noted. Thank you for your consideration.<br />
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xxxxxxx<br />
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Texas Animal Health Commission<br />
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(personal communication...TSS)<br />
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Austin 8 news<br />
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snip...<br />
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"There's about 4 million deer in the state of Texas, and as a resource I think we need to be doing as much as we can to look for these diseases," said Doug Humphreys with Texas Parks and Wildlife. "Right now Texas is clear. We haven't found any, but that doesn't mean we don't look."<br />
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<a href="http://news8austin.com/content/living/8_outdoors/?ArID=43069" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://news8austin.com/content/living/8_outdoors/?ArID=43069</a><br />
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With approximately 4 million animals, Texas has the largest population of white-tailed deer in the nation. In addition, about 19,000 white-tailed deer and 17,000 elk are being held in private facilities. To know if CWD is present in captive herds, TPWD and Texas Animal Health Commission are working with breeders to monitor their herds.<br />
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<a href="http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/</a><br />
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How is it spread?<br />
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It is not known exactly how CWD is spread. It is believed that the agent responsible for the disease may be spread both directly (animal to animal contact) and indirectly (soil or other surface to animal). It is thought that the most common mode of transmission from an infected animal is via saliva, feces, and urine.<br />
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<a href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/hunt/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/hunt/</a><br />
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some surveillance?<br />
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beyond the _potential_ methods of transmissions above, why, not a single word of SRM of various TSE species in feed as a source?<br />
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it's a known fact they have been feeding the deer/elk the same stuff as cows here in USA.<br />
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and the oral route has been documented of CWD to mule deer fawns in lab studies.<br />
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not to say that other _potential_ transmission mechanisms are possible, but why over look the obvious?<br />
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TSS<br />
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########### <a href="http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html</a> ############<br />
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From: Ken Waldrup, DVM, PhD (host25-207.tahc.state.tx.us)<br />
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Subject: Re: CWD SAMPLING TEXAS (but NOT in the obvious place, the NM, TEXAS border)<br />
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Date: December 15, 2003 at 3:43 pm PST<br />
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In Reply to: CWD SAMPLING TEXAS (but NOT in the obvious place, the NM, TEXAS border) posted by TSS on December 12, 2003 at 2:15 pm:<br />
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Dear sirs:<br />
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With regard to your comment about Texas NOT looking for CWD along the New Mexico border, it is painfully obvious that you do not know or understand the natural distribution of mule deer out there or the rights of the land owners in this state. As of 15 December 2003, a total of 42 deer had been sampled from what we call "Trans-Pecos", beyond the Pecos River. Mule deer are very widely dispersed through this area, sometimes at densities of one animal per 6 square miles. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department does not have the legal authority to trepass on private property to collect deer. Some landowners are cooperative. Some are not. Franklin State Park is at the very tip of Texas, and deer from the park have been tested (all negative). One of the single largest land owners along the border is the National Park Service. Deer and elk from the Guadalupe Peak National Park cannot be collected with federal permission. The sampling throughout the state is based on the deer populations by eco-region and is dictated by the availability of funds. I am concerned about your insinuation that CWD is a human health risk. We are at a stand-off - you have no proof that it is and I have no definitive proof that it isn't. However I would say that the inferred evidence from Colorado, Wyoming and Wisconsin suggests that CWD is not a human health concern (i.e. no evidence of an increased incidence of human brain disorders within the CWD "endemic" areas of these states). From my professional interactions with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, I can definitely say that they want to do a thorough and sound survey throughout the state, not willy-nilly "look here, look there". There are limitations of manpower, finances and, in some places, deer populations. I would congratulate TPWD for doing the best job with the limitations at hand rather than trying to browbeat them when you obviously do not understand the ecology of West Texas. Thank you for your consideration.<br />
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======================<br />
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From: TSS (216-119-139-126.ipset19.wt.net)<br />
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Subject: Re: CWD SAMPLING TEXAS (but NOT in the obvious place, the NM, TEXAS border)<br />
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Date: December 16, 2003 at 11:03 am PST<br />
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In Reply to: Re: CWD SAMPLING TEXAS (but NOT in the obvious place, the NM, TEXAS border) posted by Ken Waldrup, DVM, PhD on December 15, 2003 at 3:43 pm:<br />
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HEllo Dr. Waldrup,<br />
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thank you for your comments and time to come to this board.<br />
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Ken Waldrup, DVM, PhD states;<br />
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> it is painfully obvious that you do not know or understand the natural distribution of mule deer out there or the rights of the land owners in this state...<br />
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TSS states;<br />
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I am concerned about all deer/elk not just mule deer, and the rights of land owners (in the case with human/animal TSEs) well i am not sure of the correct terminology, but when the States deer/elk/cattle/sheep/humans are at risk, there should be no rights for land owners in this case. the state should have the right to test those animals. there are too many folks out there that are just plain ignorant about this agent. with an agent such as this, you cannot let landowners (and i am one) dictate human/animal health, especially when you cannot regulate the movement of such animals...<br />
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Ken Waldrup, DVM, PhD states;<br />
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> Deer and elk from the Guadalupe Peak National Park cannot be collected with federal permission.</div>
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TSS states;<br />
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I do not understand this? so there is no recourse of action even if every deer/elk was contaminated with CWD in this area (hypothetical)?<br />
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Ken Waldrup, DVM, PhD states;<br />
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> I am concerned about your insinuation that CWD is a human health risk. We are at a stand-off - you have no proof that it is and I have no definitive proof that it isn't. However I would say that the inferred evidence from Colorado, Wyoming and Wisconsin suggests that CWD is not a human health concern (i.e. no evidence of an increased incidence of human brain disorders within the CWD "endemic" areas of these states)...<br />
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TSS states;<br />
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NEXT, let's have a look at the overall distribution of CWD in Free-Ranging Cervids and see where the CWD cluster in NM WSMR borders TEXAS;<br />
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Current Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in Free-Ranging Cervids<br />
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<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/cwd/cwd-distribution.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/cwd/cwd-distribution.html</a><br />
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NOW, the MAP of the Exoregion where the samples were taken to test for CWD;<br />
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CWD SURVEILLANCE SAMPLE SUBMISSIONS TEXAS<br />
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<a href="http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/animal_health/diseases/cwd/CWD2003.gif" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/animal_health/diseases/cwd/CWD2003.gif</a><br />
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Ecoregions of TEXAS<br />
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<a href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/images/tx-eco95.gif" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/images/tx-eco95.gif</a><br />
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IF you look at the area around the NM WSMR where the CWD cluster was and where it borders TEXAS, that ecoregion is called Trans Pecos region. Seems if my Geography and my Ciphering is correct ;-) that region only tested 55% of it's goal. THE most important area on the MAP and they only test some 96 samples, this in an area that has found some 7 positive animals? NOW if we look at the only other border where these deer from NM could cross the border into TEXAS, this area is called the High Plains ecoregion, and again, we find that the sampling for CWD was pathetic. HERE we find that only 9% of it's goal of CWD sampling was met, only 16 samples were tested from some 175 that were suppose to be sampled.<br />
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AS i said before;<br />
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> SADLY, they have not tested enough from the total population to<br />
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> know if CWD is in Texas or not.<br />
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BUT now, I will go one step further and state categorically that they are not trying to find it. just the opposite it seems, they are waiting for CWD to find them, as with BSE/TSE in cattle, and it will eventually...<br />
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snip...end...TSS<br />
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===============================<br />
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2005<br />
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SEE MAP OF CWD ON THE BORDER OF NEW MEXICO VERY CLOSE TO TEXAS ;<br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwdmap.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwdmap.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwd_flyer.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwd_flyer.pdf</a><br />
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NO update on CWD testing in Texas, New Mexico that i could find. I have inquired about it though, no reply yet...<br />
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-------- Original Message --------<br />
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Subject: CWD testing to date TEXAS ?<br />
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Date: Mon, 09 May 2005 12:26:20 –0500<br />
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From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />
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To: <a href="mailto:kristen.everett@tpwd.state.tx.us" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">kristen.everett@tpwd.state.tx.us</a><br />
<a href="mailto:kristen.everett@tpwd.state.tx.us" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank"><br /></a></div>
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Hello Mrs. Everett,<br />
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I am most curious about the current status on CWD testing in Texas. could you please tell me what the current and past testing figures are to date and what geographical locations these tests have been in. good bust on the illegal deer trapping case. keep up the good work there.........<br />
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thank you, with kindest regards,<br />
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Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box Bacliff, Texas USA 77518<br />
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-------- Original Message --------<br />
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Subject: CWD testing in New Mexico<br />
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Date: Mon, 09 May 2005 14:39:18 –0500<br />
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From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />
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To: <a href="mailto:ispa@state.nm.us" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">ispa@state.nm.us</a><br />
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Greetings,<br />
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I am most curious of the current and past CWD testing in New Mexico, and there geographical locations...</div>
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thank you,<br />
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Terry S. Singeltary SR. CJD Watch<br />
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#################### <a href="https://lists.aegee.org/bse-l.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://lists.aegee.org/bse-l.html</a> ####################<br />
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2006<br />
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----- Original Message -----<br />
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From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <a href="mailto:flounder9@VERIZON.NET" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">flounder9@VERIZON.NET</a><br />
<a href="mailto:flounder9@VERIZON.NET" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank"><br /></a></div>
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To: BSE-<a href="mailto:L@aegee.org" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">L@aegee.org</a><br />
<a href="mailto:L@aegee.org" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank"><br /></a></div>
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Sent: Saturday, December 23, 2006 1:47 PM<br />
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Subject: CWD in New Mexico 35 MILES FROM TEXAS BORDER and low testing sampling figures -- what gives TAHC ???<br />
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Subject: CWD in New Mexico 35 MILES FROM TEXAS BORDER and low testing sampling figures -- what gives TAHC ???<br />
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Date: December 23, 2006 at 11:25 am PST<br />
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Greetings BSE-L members,<br />
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i never know if i am going crazy or just more of the same BSe. several years ago i brought up the fact to the TAHC that CWD was literally at the Texas borders and that the sample size for cwd testing was no where near enough in the location of that zone bordering NM. well, i just wrote them another letter questioning this again on Dec. 14, 2006 (see below) and showed them two different pdf maps, one referencing this url, which both worked just fine then. since then, i have NOT received a letter from them answering my question, and the url for the map i used as reference is no longer working? i had reference this map several times from the hunter-kill cwd sampling as of 31 August 2005 pdf which NO longer works now??? but here are those figures for that zone bordering NM, for those that were questioning the url. the testing samples elsewhere across Texas where much much more than that figure in the zone bordering NM where CWD has been documented bordering TEXAS, near the White Sands Missile Range. SO, why was the Texas hunter-kill cwd sampling as of 31 August 2005 document removed from the internet??? you know, this reminds me of the infamous TEXAS MAD COW that i documented some 7 or 8 months before USDA et al documented it, when the TAHC accidentally started ramping up for the announcement on there web site, then removed it (see history at bottom). i am not screaming conspiracy here, but confusious is confused again on the ciphering there using for geographical distribution of cwd tissue sample size survey, IF they are serious about finding CWD in TEXAS. common sense would tell you if cwd is 35 miles from the border, you would not run across state and have your larger samples there, and least samples 35 miles from where is what found..........daaa..........TSS<br />
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THEN NOTICE CWD sample along that border in TEXAS, Three Year Summary of Hunter-Kill CWD sampling as of 31 August 2005 of only 191 samples, then compare to the other sample locations ;<br />
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<a href="http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/animal_health/diseases/cwd/CWD_Sampling_Aug2005.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/animal_health/diseases/cwd/CWD_Sampling_Aug2005.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:rH-1sQfZqtQJ:www.ngpc.state.ne.us/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi%3Fubb%3Dget_topic%3Bf%3D12%3Bt%3D000492+Texas+hunter+kill+sample+for+CWD+to+Aug+31,+2005&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:rH-1sQfZqtQJ:www.ngpc.state.ne.us/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi%3Fubb%3Dget_topic%3Bf%3D12%3Bt%3D000492+Texas+hunter+kill+sample+for+CWD+to+Aug+31,+2005&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3</a><br />
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TPWD has been conducting surveys of hunter-kill animals since 2002 and has collected more than 7300 samples (as of 31 August 2005). In total, there have been over 9400 samples, both hunter-kill and private samples, tested in Texas to date, and no positives have been found.<br />
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<a href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/</a><br />
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SO, out of a total of 9,400 samples taken for CWD surveillance in TEXAS since 2002 of both hunter-kill and private kill, ONLY 191 samples have been taken in the most likely place one would find CWD i.e. the border where CWD has been documented at TEXAS and New Mexico</div>
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latest map NM cwd old data<br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/where_is_it.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/where_is_it.htm</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/cwd_map.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/cwd_map.htm</a><br />
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CWD in New Mexico ;<br />
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What is the Department doing to prevent the spread of CWD?<br />
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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) was recently detected in a mule deer from Unit 34. Until 2005, CWD had only been found in Unit 19. With this discovery, the Department will increase its surveillance of deer and elk harvested in Units 29, 30 and 34.<br />
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Lymph nodes and/or brain stems from every harvested deer and brain stems from all elk taken in Unit 34 will be sampled.<br />
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snip...<br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwd_flyer.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwd_flyer.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwdmap.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/documents/cwdmap.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/documents/cwdcontrolmap.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/documents/cwdcontrolmap.pdf</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue; text-decoration-line: underline;">http://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0512b&L=safety&P=11092</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/cwd/cwd-distribution.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/cwd/cwd-distribution.html</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/documents/CWD_QandA.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/documents/CWD_QandA.pdf</a><br />
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CWD SURVEILLANCE TEXAS<br />
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<a href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us//huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/management_plan/status/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us//huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/management_plan/status/</a><br />
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SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;<br />
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2011 – 2012<br />
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Friday, October 28, 2011<br />
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CWD Herd Monitoring Program to be Enforced Jan. 2012 TEXAS<br />
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Greetings TAHC et al,<br />
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A kind greetings from Bacliff, Texas.<br />
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In reply to ;<br />
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Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) Announcement October 27, 2011<br />
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I kindly submit the following ;<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2011/10/cwd-herd-monitoring-program-to-be.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2011/10/cwd-herd-monitoring-program-to-be.html</a><br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html</a><br />
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Sunday, October 04, 2009</div>
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CWD NEW MEXICO SPREADING SOUTH TO TEXAS 2009 2009 Summary of Chronic Wasting Disease in New Mexico New Mexico Department of Game and Fish</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/10/cwd-new-mexico-spreading-south-to-texas.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/10/cwd-new-mexico-spreading-south-to-texas.html</a></div>
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Monday, March 26, 2012</div>
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Texas Prepares for Chronic Wasting Disease CWD Possibility in Far West Texas</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/03/texas-prepares-for-chronic-wasting.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/03/texas-prepares-for-chronic-wasting.html</a></div>
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Tuesday, July 10, 2012</div>
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Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Far West Texas</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/chronic-wasting-disease-detected-in-far.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/chronic-wasting-disease-detected-in-far.html</a></div>
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Monday, February 11, 2013</div>
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TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD Four New Positives Found in Trans Pecos</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html</a></div>
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***for anyone interested, here is some history of CWD along the Texas, New Mexico border, and my attempt to keep up with it...terry</div>
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snip...</div>
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see history CWD Texas, New Mexico Border ;</div>
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Monday, March 26, 2012</div>
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3 CASES OF CWD FOUND NEW MEXICO MULE DEER SEVERAL MILES FROM TEXAS BORDER</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/03/3-cases-of-cwd-found-new-mexico-mule.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/03/3-cases-of-cwd-found-new-mexico-mule.html</a></div>
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Texas 84th Legislative Session<br />
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Sunday, December 14, 2014<br />
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*** TEXAS 84th Legislature commencing this January, deer breeders are expected to advocate for bills that will seek to further deregulate their industry<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/12/texas-84th-legislature-commencing-this.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/12/texas-84th-legislature-commencing-this.html</a><br />
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TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2014<br />
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Texas 84th Legislature 2015 H.R. No. 2597 Kuempel Deer Breeding Industry TAHC TPWD CWD TSE PRION<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/12/texas-84th-legislature-2015-hr-no-2597.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/12/texas-84th-legislature-2015-hr-no-2597.html</a><br />
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Wednesday, July 01, 2015<br />
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*** TEXAS Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Medina County Captive Deer<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-detected.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-detected.html</a><br />
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Thursday, July 09, 2015<br />
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TEXAS Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Herd Plan for Trace-Forward Exposed Herd with Testing of Exposed Animals<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-herd.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-herd.html</a><br />
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Tuesday, July 21, 2015<br />
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*** Texas CWD Medina County Herd Investigation Update July 16, 2015 ***<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-cwd-medina-county-herd.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-cwd-medina-county-herd.html</a><br />
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Wednesday, July 22, 2015<br />
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Texas Certified Chronic Wasting Disease CWD Sample Collector, like the Wolf Guarding the Henhouse<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-certified-chronic-wasting-disease.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/07/texas-certified-chronic-wasting-disease.html</a><br />
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Thursday, August 06, 2015<br />
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*** WE HAVE LOST TEXAS TO CWD TASK FORCE CATERING TO INDUSTRY<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/08/we-have-lost-texas-to-cwd-task-force.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/08/we-have-lost-texas-to-cwd-task-force.html</a><br />
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Friday, August 07, 2015<br />
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*** Texas CWD Captive, and then there were 4 ?<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/08/texas-cwd-captive-and-then-there-were-4.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/08/texas-cwd-captive-and-then-there-were-4.html</a><br />
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***raw and uncut***<br />
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Sunday, August 23, 2015<br />
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TAHC Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion and how to put lipstick on a pig and take her to the dance in Texas<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/08/tahc-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/08/tahc-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html</a><br />
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Saturday, October 03, 2015<br />
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TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION GOD MUST NOT BE A TEXAN 2002 TO 2015<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/10/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/10/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html</a><br />
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Friday, October 09, 2015<br />
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Texas TWA Chronic Wasting Disease TSE Prion Webinars and Meeting October 2015<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/10/texas-twa-chronic-wasting-disease-tse.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/10/texas-twa-chronic-wasting-disease-tse.html</a><br />
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Thursday, September 24, 2015<br />
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TEXAS Hunters Asked to Submit Samples for Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Testing<br />
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*** I cannot stress enough to all of you, for the sake of your family and mine, before putting anything in the freezer, have those deer tested for CWD. ...terry<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/09/texas-hunters-asked-to-submit-samples.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/09/texas-hunters-asked-to-submit-samples.html</a><br />
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Thursday, November 05, 2015<br />
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*** TPW Commission Adopts Interim Deer Breeder Movement Rules<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/11/tpw-commission-adopts-interim-deer.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/11/tpw-commission-adopts-interim-deer.html</a><br />
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Saturday, November 14, 2015<br />
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TEXAS CAPTIVE BREEDER CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD 2 MORE SUSPECTS DECTECTED BRINGING NUMBER TO 7 DETECTED IN CAPTIVE BREEDER (if/when the last two are confirmed).<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/11/texas-captive-breeder-chronic-wasting.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/11/texas-captive-breeder-chronic-wasting.html</a><br />
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Monday, November 16, 2015<br />
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*** TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ORDER NO. 015-006</div>
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*** Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) immediate danger to the white-tailed deer and mule deer resources of Texas<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/11/texas-parks-and-wildlife-department.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2015/11/texas-parks-and-wildlife-department.html</a><br />
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SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, 2016<br />
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Texas Chronic Wasting Disease Response Update and Interim Deer Management Permit Rules Recommended Adoption of Proposed Rules<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/01/chronic-wasting-disease-response-update.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/01/chronic-wasting-disease-response-update.html</a><br />
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Friday, February 05, 2016<br />
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*** TEXAS NEW CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD CASE DISCOVERD AT CAPTIVE DEER RELEASE SITE<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/02/texas-new-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/02/texas-new-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd.html</a><br />
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Saturday, April 02, 2016<br />
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*** TEXAS TAHC BREAKS IT'S SILENCE WITH TWO MORE CASES CWD CAPTIVE DEER BRINGING TOTAL TO 10 CAPTIVES REPORTED TO DATE<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/04/texas-tahc-breaks-its-silence-with-two.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/04/texas-tahc-breaks-its-silence-with-two.html</a><br />
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Friday, April 22, 2016<br />
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*** Texas Scrapie Confirmed in a Hartley County Sheep where CWD was detected in a Mule Deer<br />
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<a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/texas-scrapie-confirmed-in-hartley.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/texas-scrapie-confirmed-in-hartley.html</a><br />
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Wednesday, May 04, 2016<br />
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TPWD proposes the repeal of §§65.90 -65.94 and new §§65.90 -65.99 Concerning Chronic Wasting Disease - Movement of Deer Singeltary Comment Submission<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/05/tpwd-proposes-repeal-of-6590-6594-and_4.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/05/tpwd-proposes-repeal-of-6590-6594-and_4.html</a><br />
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SUNDAY, MAY 22, 2016<br />
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TEXAS CWD DEER BREEDERS PLEA TO GOVERNOR ABBOTT TO CIRCUMVENT TPWD SOUND SCIENCE TO LET DISEASE SPREAD<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/05/texas-cwd-deer-breeders-plea-to.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/05/texas-cwd-deer-breeders-plea-to.html</a><br />
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Friday, July 01, 2016<br />
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*** TEXAS Thirteen new cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) were confirmed at a Medina County captive white-tailed deer breeding facility on June 29, 2016<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/texas-thirteen-new-cases-of-chronic.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/texas-thirteen-new-cases-of-chronic.html</a><br />
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Thursday, June 09, 2016<br />
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Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas, The Moore Air Force Base Scrapie Experiment 1964<br />
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How Did CWD Get Way Down In Medina County, Texas?<br />
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Confucius ponders...<br />
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Could the Scrapie experiments back around 1964 at Moore Air Force near Mission, Texas, could this area have been ground zero for CWD TSE Prion (besides the CWD cases that have waltzed across the Texas, New Mexico border near WSMR Trans Pecos region since around 2001)?<br />
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Epidemiology of Scrapie in the United States 1977<br />
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snip...<br />
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Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas<br />
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A Scrapie Field Trial was developed at Mission, Texas, to provide additional information for the eradication program on the epidemiology of natural scrapie. The Mission Field Trial Station is located on 450 acres of pastureland, part of the former Moore Air Force Base, near Mission, Texas. It was designed to bring previously exposed, and later also unexposed, sheep or goats to the Station and maintain and breed them under close observation for extended periods to determine which animals would develop scrapie and define more closely the natural spread and other epidemiological aspects of the disease.<br />
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The 547 previously exposed sheep brought to the Mission Station beginning in 1964 were of the Cheviot, Hampshire, Montadale, or Suffolk breeds. They were purchased as field outbreaks occurred, and represented 21 bloodlines in which scrapie had been diagnosed. Upon arrival at the Station, the sheep were maintained on pasture, with supplemental feeding as necessary. The station was divided into 2 areas: (1) a series of pastures and-pens occupied by male animals only, and (2) a series of pastures and pens occupied by females and young progeny of both sexes. ...<br />
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snip...see full text ;<br />
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<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030513212324/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m08b/tab64.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20030513212324/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m08b/tab64.pdf</a><br />
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Thursday, June 09, 2016<br />
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Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas, The Moore Air Force Base Scrapie TSE Prion Experiment 1964</div>
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How Did CWD Get Way Down In Medina County, Texas?<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/06/how-did-cwd-get-way-down-in-medina.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/06/how-did-cwd-get-way-down-in-medina.html</a><br />
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<a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/06/scrapie-field-trial-experiments-mission.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/06/scrapie-field-trial-experiments-mission.html</a><br />
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SATURDAY, JULY 09, 2016<br />
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Texas Intrastate – within state movement of all Cervid or Trucking Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Moratorium<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/texas-intrastate-within-state-movement.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/texas-intrastate-within-state-movement.html</a><br />
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Monday, July 18, 2016<br />
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Texas Parks Wildlife Dept TPWD HIDING TSE (CWD) in Deer Herds, Farmers Sampling Own Herds, Rapid Testing, False Negatives, a Recipe for Disaster<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/texas-parks-wildlife-dept-tpwd-hiding.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/texas-parks-wildlife-dept-tpwd-hiding.html</a><br />
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TUESDAY, AUGUST 02, 2016<br />
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TEXAS TPWD Sets Public Hearings on Deer Movement Rule Proposals in Areas with CWD Rule Terry S. Singeltary Sr. comment submission<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/08/texas-tpwd-sets-public-hearings-on-deer.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/08/texas-tpwd-sets-public-hearings-on-deer.html</a><br />
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Wednesday, September 28, 2016<br />
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TPWD CWD Sample Collector Trainings in the Trans Pecos and Panhandle<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/09/tpwd-cwd-sample-collector-trainings-in.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/09/tpwd-cwd-sample-collector-trainings-in.html</a><br />
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Wednesday, November 09, 2016<br />
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Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Program Standards - Review and Comment By Terry S Singeltary Sr. November 9, 2016<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/11/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-program_9.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/11/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-program_9.html</a><br />
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Friday, November 18, 2016<br />
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IMPORTANT: SAWCorp CWD Test is NOT APHIS Approved<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/11/important-sawcorp-cwd-test-is-not-aphis.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/11/important-sawcorp-cwd-test-is-not-aphis.html</a><br />
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Thursday, December 08, 2016<br />
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TEXAS TAHC confirmed Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in a free-ranging elk Dallam County<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/texas-tahc-confirmed-chronic-wasting.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/texas-tahc-confirmed-chronic-wasting.html</a><br />
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Saturday, December 03, 2016<br />
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*** TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION UPDATE 35 CASES TO DATE<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html</a><br />
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FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 2017 TEXAS TAHC<br />
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The Chronic Wasting Disease Rule Proposal Republished for Comment January 20, 2017<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-tahc-chronic-wasting-disease-rule.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-tahc-chronic-wasting-disease-rule.html</a><br />
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SUNDAY, JANUARY 22, 2017<br />
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Texas 85th Legislative Session 2017 Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Cervid Captive Breeder Industry<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-85th-legislative-session-2017.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-85th-legislative-session-2017.html</a><br />
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WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25, 2017<br />
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Texas First Case of CWD Detected in Free-Ranging Texas Whitetail Surveillance Zone 3 in Medina County<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-first-case-of-cwd-detected-in.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-first-case-of-cwd-detected-in.html</a><br />
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THURSDAY, JANUARY 26, 2017<br />
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Texas CWD Discovered Free-Ranging Whitetail DEER Houston Chronicle Shannon Tompkins PLEASE, CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW?<br />
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-cwd-discovered-free-ranging.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/01/texas-cwd-discovered-free-ranging.html</a></div>
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HUMAN ZOONOSIS ZOONOTIC DISEASE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD, BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE, SCRAPIE, ATYPICAL AND TYPICAL </div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">O.05: Transmission of prions to primates after extended silent incubation periods: Implications for BSE and scrapie risk assessment in human populations</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Emmanuel Comoy, Jacqueline Mikol, Valerie Durand, Sophie Luccantoni, Evelyne Correia, Nathalie Lescoutra, Capucine Dehen, and Jean-Philippe Deslys Atomic Energy Commission; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Prion diseases (PD) are the unique neurodegenerative proteinopathies reputed to be transmissible under field conditions since decades. The transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) to humans evidenced that an animal PD might be zoonotic under appropriate conditions. Contrarily, in the absence of obvious (epidemiological or experimental) elements supporting a transmission or genetic predispositions, PD, like the other proteinopathies, are reputed to occur spontaneously (atpical animal prion strains, sporadic CJD summing 80% of human prion cases). Non-human primate models provided the first evidences supporting the transmissibiity of human prion strains and the zoonotic potential of BSE. Among them, cynomolgus macaques brought major information for BSE risk assessment for human health (Chen, 2014), according to their phylogenetic proximity to humans and extended lifetime. We used this model to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal PD from bovine, ovine and cervid origins even after very long silent incubation periods.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">*** We recently observed the direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to macaque after a 10-year silent incubation period,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***with features similar to some reported for human cases of sporadic CJD, albeit requiring fourfold long incubation than BSE. Scrapie, as recently evoked in humanized mice (Cassard, 2014),</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***is the third potentially zoonotic PD (with BSE and L-type BSE),</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases. We will present an updated panorama of our different transmission studies and discuss the implications of such extended incubation periods on risk assessment of animal PD for human health.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">===============</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases***</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">***our findings suggest that possible transmission risk of H-type BSE to sheep and human. Bioassay will be required to determine whether the PMCA products are infectious to these animals. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Saturday, April 23, 2016</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">PRION 2016 TOKYO</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Saturday, April 23, 2016</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 printl 1933-690X online</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Taylor & Francis</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Prion 2016 Animal Prion Disease Workshop Abstracts</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Juan Maria Torres a, Olivier Andreoletti b, J uan-Carlos Espinosa a. Vincent Beringue c. Patricia Aguilar a,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Natalia Fernandez-Borges a. and Alba Marin-Moreno a</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">"Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal ( CISA-INIA ). Valdeolmos, Madrid. Spain; b UMR INRA -ENVT 1225 Interactions Holes Agents Pathogenes. ENVT. Toulouse. France: "UR892. Virologie lmmunologie MolécuIaires, Jouy-en-Josas. France</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Dietary exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) contaminated bovine tissues is considered as the origin of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob (vCJD) disease in human. To date, BSE agent is the only recognized zoonotic prion. Despite the variety of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) agents that have been circulating for centuries in farmed ruminants there is no apparent epidemiological link between exposure to ruminant products and the occurrence of other form of TSE in human like sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (sCJD). However, the zoonotic potential of the diversity of circulating TSE agents has never been systematically assessed. The major issue in experimental assessment of TSEs zoonotic potential lies in the modeling of the ‘species barrier‘, the biological phenomenon that limits TSE agents’ propagation from a species to another. In the last decade, mice genetically engineered to express normal forms of the human prion protein has proved essential in studying human prions pathogenesis and modeling the capacity of TSEs to cross the human species barrier.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">To assess the zoonotic potential of prions circulating in farmed ruminants, we study their transmission ability in transgenic mice expressing human PrPC (HuPrP-Tg). Two lines of mice expressing different forms of the human PrPC (129Met or 129Val) are used to determine the role of the Met129Val dimorphism in susceptibility/resistance to the different agents.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">These transmission experiments confirm the ability of BSE prions to propagate in 129M- HuPrP-Tg mice and demonstrate that Met129 homozygotes may be susceptible to BSE in sheep or goat to a greater degree than the BSE agent in cattle and that these agents can convey molecular properties and neuropathological indistinguishable from vCJD. However homozygous 129V mice are resistant to all tested BSE derived prions independently of the originating species suggesting a higher transmission barrier for 129V-PrP variant.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Transmission data also revealed that several scrapie prions propagate in HuPrP-Tg mice with efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. While the efficiency of transmission at primary passage was low, subsequent passages resulted in a highly virulent prion disease in both Met129 and Val129 mice. Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion. These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">R. BRADLEY</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Title: Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">*** In complement to the recent demonstration that humanized mice are susceptible to scrapie, we report here the first observation of direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to a macaque after a 10-year incubation period. Neuropathologic examination revealed all of the features of a prion disease: spongiform change, neuronal loss, and accumulation of PrPres throughout the CNS. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">*** This observation strengthens the questioning of the harmlessness of scrapie to humans, at a time when protective measures for human and animal health are being dismantled and reduced as c-BSE is considered controlled and being eradicated. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">*** Our results underscore the importance of precautionary and protective measures and the necessity for long-term experimental transmission studies to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal prion strains. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016 </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 printl 1933-690X online </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/scrapie-ws-01-prion-diseases-in-animals.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/scrapie-ws-01-prion-diseases-in-animals.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/12/16-0635_article" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/12/16-0635_article</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">TUESDAY, MARCH 28, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">*** Passage of scrapie to deer results in a new phenotype upon return passage to sheep ***</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/03/passage-of-scrapie-to-deer-results-in.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/03/passage-of-scrapie-to-deer-results-in.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">*** EXTREME USA FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED LOOP HOLE STILL EXIST, AND PRICE OF POKER GOES UP ***</span></div>
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<a href="http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2017/04/extreme-usa-fda-part-589-tse-prion-feed.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2017/04/extreme-usa-fda-part-589-tse-prion-feed.html</a></div>
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WEDNESDAY, MAY 17, 2017 </div>
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SHIC FUNDED STUDY SUGGESTS POTENTIAL FOR PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION VIA FEED</div>
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<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2017/05/shic-funded-study-suggests-potential.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2017/05/shic-funded-study-suggests-potential.html</a></div>
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First evidence of intracranial and peroral transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) into Cynomolgus macaques: a work in progress </div>
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Stefanie Czub1, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2, Christiane Stahl-Hennig3, Michael Beekes4, Hermann Schaetzl5 and Dirk Motzkus6 1 </div>
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University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine/Canadian Food Inspection Agency; 2Universitatsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultat der Universitat des Saarlandes; 3 Deutsches Primaten Zentrum/Goettingen; 4 Robert-Koch-Institut Berlin; 5 University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 6 presently: Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center; previously: Deutsches Primaten Zentrum/Goettingen </div>
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This is a progress report of a project which started in 2009. 21 cynomolgus macaques were challenged with characterized CWD material from white-tailed deer (WTD) or elk by intracerebral (ic), oral, and skin exposure routes. Additional blood transfusion experiments are supposed to assess the CWD contamination risk of human blood product. Challenge materials originated from symptomatic cervids for ic, skin scarification and partially per oral routes (WTD brain). Challenge material for feeding of muscle derived from preclinical WTD and from preclinical macaques for blood transfusion experiments. We have confirmed that the CWD challenge material contained at least two different CWD agents (brain material) as well as CWD prions in muscle-associated nerves. </div>
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Here we present first data on a group of animals either challenged ic with steel wires or per orally and sacrificed with incubation times ranging from 4.5 to 6.9 years at postmortem. Three animals displayed signs of mild clinical disease, including anxiety, apathy, ataxia and/or tremor. In four animals wasting was observed, two of those had confirmed diabetes. All animals have variable signs of prion neuropathology in spinal cords and brains and by supersensitive IHC, reaction was detected in spinal cord segments of all animals. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuiC) and PET-blot assays to further substantiate these findings are on the way, as well as bioassays in bank voles and transgenic mice. </div>
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At present, a total of 10 animals are sacrificed and read-outs are ongoing. Preclinical incubation of the remaining macaques covers a range from 6.4 to 7.10 years. Based on the species barrier and an incubation time of > 5 years for BSE in macaques and about 10 years for scrapie in macaques, we expected an onset of clinical disease beyond 6 years post inoculation. </div>
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PRION 2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS </div>
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Subject: PRION 2017 CONFERENCE DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS VIDEO</div>
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PRION 2017 CONFERENCE DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS</div>
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PRION 2017 CONFERENCE VIDEO</div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vtt1kAVDhDQ" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vtt1kAVDhDQ</a></div>
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<a href="http://prion2017.org/programme/%C2%A0" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://prion2017.org/programme/</a></div>
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Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion to Humans, who makes that final call, when, or, has it already happened?</div>
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TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 2017</div>
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PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT First evidence of intracranial and peroral transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) into Cynomolgus macaques: a work in progress</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-first.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-first.html</a></div>
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TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 2017</div>
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PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT Chronic Wasting Disease in European moose is associated with PrPSc features different from North American CWD</div>
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<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-chronic.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-chronic.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">TUESDAY, JULY 04, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">*** PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS ON CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION ***</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/07/prion-2017-conference-abstracts-on.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/07/prion-2017-conference-abstracts-on.html</a></span></div>
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SATURDAY, JUNE 24, 2017 </div>
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Is there a decline in bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases born after reinforced feed bans? A modelling study in EU member states</div>
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<a href="http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2017/06/is-there-decline-in-bovine-spongiform.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2017/06/is-there-decline-in-bovine-spongiform.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">Thursday, July 6, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS HUMAN TSE PRION DISEASE</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><a href="http://prionprp.blogspot.com/2017/07/prion-2017-conference-abstracts-human.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://prionprp.blogspot.com/2017/07/prion-2017-conference-abstracts-human.html</a></span></div>
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THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 2017 </div>
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PRION 2017 CONFERENCE P120 Early preclinical detection of prions in blood of macaques peripherally infected with the variant CJD agent</div>
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<a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-p120-early.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-p120-early.html</a></div>
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WEDNESDAY, JUNE 21, 2017 </div>
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Docket No. FDA– 2009–N–0505 Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements for Human Food and Cosmetics Manufactured From, Processed With, or Otherwise Containing Material From Cattle</div>
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<a href="http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/docket-no-fda-2009n0505-agency.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/docket-no-fda-2009n0505-agency.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 2017 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to establish liaison office in College Station, Texas</span></div>
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<a href="http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/world-organisation-for-animal-health.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/world-organisation-for-animal-health.html</a></div>
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FRIDAY, MAY 26, 2017 </div>
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OIE World Assembly of OIE Delegates distributed SCOTLAND, NORTHERN IRELAND, AND POLAND BSE NEGLIGIBLE RISK STATUS</div>
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<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2017/05/oie-world-assembly-of-oie-delegates.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2017/05/oie-world-assembly-of-oie-delegates.html</a></div>
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CBCnews<br />
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*** USA sporadic CJD MAD COW DISEASE HAS HUGE PROBLEM Video<br />
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*** sporadic CJD linked to mad cow disease<br />
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*** you can see video here and interview with Jeff's Mom, and scientist telling you to test everything and potential risk factors for humans ***<br />
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<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html</a><br />
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1994-10-13: Scrapie Man<br />
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*** Scrapie Video<br />
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<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-011/video-011.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-011/video-011.html</a><br />
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1997-11-10: Panorama - The british disease<br />
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*** Human Mad Cow Video<br />
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<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-009/video-009.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-009/video-009.html</a><br />
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2009-08-27<br />
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PrioNet Canada_Lecture "New Findings in Prion Research"<br />
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Prof. Dr. Adriano Aguzzi<br />
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<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-029/video-029.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-029/video-029.html</a><br />
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Terry S. Singeltary Sr. on the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Public Health Crisis *video*<br />
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf3lfz9NrT4" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf3lfz9NrT4</a></div>
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Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease </div>
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Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734. Vol. 285 No. 6, February 14, 2001 JAMA </div>
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Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease </div>
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To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally. </div>
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Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex 1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323. </div>
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<a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1031186" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1031186</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">2001 FDA CJD TSE Prion Singeltary Submission</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">*** U.S.A. 50 STATE BSE MAD COW CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001 </span></div>
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<a href="http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/usa-50-state-bse-mad-cow-conference.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/usa-50-state-bse-mad-cow-conference.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">Mad cow disease: Could it be here? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">Man's stubborn crusade attracts experts' notice </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">By Carol Christian, Chron.com / Houston Chronicle Published 5:30 am, Sunday, August 5, 2001</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Mad-cow-disease-Could-it-be-here-2042860.php" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Mad-cow-disease-Could-it-be-here-2042860.php</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">EFSA BSE Sixty cases of mad cow disease since 2001 breached feed ban likely the cause </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Scientists investigate origin of isolated BSE cases</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2017/07/efsa-bse-sixty-cases-of-mad-cow-disease.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2017/07/efsa-bse-sixty-cases-of-mad-cow-disease.html</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/a4b69cec-0233-49bb-b5fa-d198876bad90/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf?MOD=AJPERES" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/a4b69cec-0233-49bb-b5fa-d198876bad90/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf?MOD=AJPERES</a></div>
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IBNC Tauopathy or TSE Prion disease, it appears, no one is sure</h3>
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Posted by <a class="user icon replyCreator" href="https://community.plos.org/people/flounder" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c63af; cursor: pointer; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">flounder</a> on <span class="replyTimestamp" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">03 Jul 2015 at 16:53 GMT</strong></span></h4>
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Greetings Plos et al,<br />
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in reference to;<br />
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‘’A Naturally Occurring Bovine Tauopathy Is Geographically Widespread in the UK’’<br />
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I kindly wish to comment please, as follows.<br />
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I was stunned by this report.<br />
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This Research Report should have been titled ;<br />
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‘’It Appears A Naturally Occurring Bovine Tauopathy Is Geographically Widespread in the UK’’</div>
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SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT;</div>
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<a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comment?id=10.1371/annotation/5adef4ac-a7e4-46a4-8806-c8533d5c862c" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comment?id=10.1371/annotation/5adef4ac-a7e4-46a4-8806-c8533d5c862c</a></div>
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NATURE | EDITORIAL Needless conflict</div>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">Nature 485, 279–280 (17 May 2012) doi:10.1038/485279b Published online 16 May 2012</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<a href="https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v485/n7398/full/485279b.html">https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v485/n7398/full/485279b.html</a><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">2012-05-16 05:31 AM </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">Terry S. Singeltary Sr. said: I kindly wish to submit the following please ; ONE need not look any further than the USDA et al, when it comes to 'undue influence'. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">I have followed the mad cow USDA debacle ever since the first mad cow was covered up in Texas, let alone the second one that finally took and act of congress and the Honorable Phyllis Fong of the OIG. if not for that, that second mad cow in Texas would have never been confirmed either. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">then you can move on to the Alabama, and Washington mad cow, and not much has changed since. Still the same old USDA et al. just look at the atypical L-type BASE BSE case in California recently, and the false and misleading statements there from by the USDA et al. NOTHING has changed, except their stories, time and time again. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">They claim of all those firewalls in place, BSE surviellance, BSE testing, BSE feed ban, all three of those firewalls have failed terribly in the USA, but yet to hear the USDA et al tell it, everything is O.K., no problem, feed ban in place since August 4, 1997, BUT YET, the USDA et al fail to tell you, this mad cow firewall was nothing than ink on paper, it was a PARTIAL AND VOLUNTARY feed ban to begin with, that up until 2006, the amounts of banned suspect mad cow protein that was going into commerce, was measured in TONNAGE, 2007, the measurements were measured in POUNDS, where in 2007, 10 years, one decade, post partial, and voluntary BSE feed ban, there were 10,000,000 MILLION POUNDS, of banned, suspect mad cow protein, mixed with blood, that went out into commerce. AFTER that mad cow warning letter, the warning letters ceased to exist. they never published anymore that I could find. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">They claim the BSE testing was doing it's job, until they found out that not only their testing techniques were wrong, but they were TESTING HEALTHY CATTLE, THEY NEW DID NOT HAVE BSE. all this again proven by the OIE and the GAO. They claim the BSE surveillance program worked, again, a lie. Just look at the GAO and OIE reports about that ENHANCED BSE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM to test only healthy cows, OR, the OBEX ONLY DIAGNOSTIC criteria that was used. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">They claim NO link to sporadic CJD, and this is false as well. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">IN my opinion, until we get corporate industry out of policy decision making for the USDA, APHIS, FSIS, FDA et al, until that is changed, you will never have any sound science policy making for consumer safety. they call it GREED $$$ </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;">SOURCE REFERENCES MAD COW USDA ATYPICAL L-TYPE BASE BSE, the rest of the story.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v485/n7398/full/485279b.html#/comments"> https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v485/n7398/full/485279b.html#/comments </a></div>
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<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<div style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-62755758550321856832014-12-03T13:40:00.000-06:002014-12-03T15:38:34.656-06:00University of Texas looks for clues after 100 human brains are lost <div>
<div style="color: black; display: inline; font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">
<b>updated ;</b><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<div>
Case of 100 missing brains in Texas takes odd twist </div>
<br />
<div>
100 missing brains found </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
The main bell tower at the University of Texas in Austin. The 100 brains
that were missing from the Austin campus have been found at the University of
Texas in San Antonio. (Harry Cabluck / Associated Press)<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
By Michael Muskal contact the reporter This article is related to:
University of Texas at Austin <br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
Like all good mysteries, the case of the 100 missing brains in Texas has
taken a new twist.. <br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
First, word had come that about half of the 200 brains kept at a university
research center had gone absent without leave. Then a professor said Wednesday
they had been located – at another school.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
Now this update: The brains were destroyed more than a decade ago. <br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
The brains had mostly come from patients at a state mental hospital and
were used for research, including the study of Alzheimer’s disease. Part of the
cache is still stored at the Animal Resources Center at the University of Texas
in Austin.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
Earlier on Wednesday, a professor at the Austin school told reporters that
the brains had been sent to the University of Texas in San Antonio. Hours later,
that school denied receiving them, suggesting the brains might have gone to
another, separate facility, the University of Texas Health Science Center in San
Antonio. A spokesman there said they were investigating.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
But before that investigation was completed, the mystery was solved. <br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
“A preliminary university investigation has revealed that UT environmental
health and safety officials disposed of multiple brain specimens in
approximately 2002 in accordance with protocols concerning biological waste,”
according to a statement from the University of Texas at Austin, where the story
began.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
The brains, which were received in the 1980s, were destroyed because they
were not suitable for research.<br />
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<div>
</div>
“This occurred prior to the renovation of the Animal Resources Center,
where the specimens had been stored in a secure location,” according to the
school.<br />
<br />
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</div>
“We believe the workers disposed of between 40 and 60 jars, some of which
contained multiple human brains, and worked with a biological waste contractor
to do so safely,” the school said.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
The story of missing brains had been driven in part by initial reports that
one of the brains could have belonged to Charles Whitman, who climbed a tower on
the Austin campus and killed 16 people in a deadly sniper attack. Whitman, a
former Marine, was killed by police after his 1966 massacre.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
“There is no evidence we ever received Whitman’s brain, “ spokesman Gary
Susswein, told the Los Angeles Times.<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
Follow @latimesmuskal for national news. <br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
Copyright © 2014, Los Angeles Times <br />
<br />
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</div>
UPDATE<br />
<br />
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</div>
1:20 p.m.: This post has been updated to report that the missing brains had
been destroyed. <br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
<a href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-missing-brains-found-in-texas-20141203-story.html" title="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-missing-brains-found-in-texas-20141203-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-missing-brains-found-in-texas-20141203-story.html</a><br />
<b></b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b>From:</b>
<a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net" title="flounder9@verizon.net">Terry S.
Singeltary Sr.</a> </div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 10pt/normal Tahoma;">
<div style="background: rgb(245, 245, 245);">
<div>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, December 03, 2014 1:34 PM</div>
<div>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:newstips@statesman.com" title="newstips@statesman.com">newstips@statesman.com</a> </div>
<div>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:jill.burcum@startribune.com" title="jill.burcum@startribune.com">jill.burcum@startribune.com</a> ; <a href="mailto:steve.yaeger@startribune.com" title="steve.yaeger@startribune.com">steve.yaeger@startribune.com</a> ; <a href="mailto:news@chron.com" title="news@chron.com">news@chron.com</a> ; <a href="mailto:viewpoints@chron.com" title="viewpoints@chron.com">viewpoints@chron.com</a> </div>
<div>
<b>Subject:</b> University of Texas looks for clues after 100 human brains
are lost </div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
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<div style="color: black; display: inline; font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 12pt;">
<div>
University of Texas looks for clues after 100 human brains are lost </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Posted: 7:11 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 2, 2014</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
By Ralph K.M. Haurwitz and Asher Price - American-Statesman Staff </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Twenty-eight years ago, the Austin State Hospital transferred about 200
brains stored in jars of formaldehyde to the University of Texas for educational
and research purposes. Now about half are missing, apparently including the
brain of Charles Whitman, who went on a murderous shooting spree from the UT
Tower in 1966.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“We think somebody may have taken the brains, but we don’t know at all for
sure,” Tim Schallert, a psychology professor, said Tuesday.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
His co-curator of the collection, Lawrence Cormack, also a psychology
professor, said, “It’s entirely possible word got around among undergraduates
and people started swiping them for living rooms or Halloween pranks.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The mystery is explored in a new book, “Malformed: Forgotten Brains of the
Texas State Mental Hospital.” Author Alex Hannaford traces the history of the
collection, such as it could be determined, and photographer Adam Voorhes
provides striking images of the 100 remaining brains.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“We are committed to treating the brain specimens with respect and are
disheartened to learn that some of them may be unaccounted for,” UT said in a
statement. “The university plans to investigate the circumstances surrounding
this collection since it came here nearly 30 years ago. The brains that are now
on campus are actively used as a teaching tool and carefully curated by
faculty.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Under a 1986 agreement with the state hospital, UT agreed to take
“temporary possession” of the collection. The agreement called for the hospital
to remove patient-identifying data to protect confidentiality as required by
state and federal laws.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Nonetheless, it seems likely that Whitman’s brain was part of the
collection. “It would make sense it would be in this group,” Schallert said,
adding, “We can’t find that brain.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Whitman’s rampage would eventually take 16 lives, including those of his
mother and wife, whom he stabbed to death before climbing the Tower. His note
requesting an autopsy to determine if he had a brain tumor confirmed just that,
although it’s doubtful the pecan-sized growth had anything to do with his
impulse to kill, some medical experts have said.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
According to an article posted by KUT, a unit of UT, the state hospital
amassed the collection of brains through the efforts of one of its physicians,
Coleman de Chenar, presumably by harvesting them from patients at the
psychiatric hospital who died in the 1950s, ’60s and ’70s. The hospital
apparently had run out of storage space.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“I only had room for 100,” Schallert said of his psychology lab, which
eventually was assigned the collection, so half of it was transferred to the
basement of the university’s Animal Resources Center building.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“They are no longer in the basement,” Cormack said.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The 100 brains still in UT’s possession have been transferred to the Norman
Hackerman Building, where they are being scanned with high-resolution magnetic
resonance imaging equipment.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“These MRI images will be both useful teaching and research tools,” Cormack
said. “It keeps the brains intact.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Just how useful preserved brains can be “depends a great deal on how they
were prepared, how well they have been preserved and maintained and how well the
original donors were characterized,” said Vahram Haroutunian, who directs the
Mount Sinai NIH Brain and Tissue Repository in New York. “How well were
diagnoses made, how good are the records on them, can one go back and use the
records to do more, to rediagnose using more modern standards for
diagnosis?</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Social media reaction: UT missing 100 human brains The missing UT brains
were preserved in a solution of formaldehyde in water. That practice makes brain
tissue suitable for various kinds of research, but frozen brains are better for
genetic analysis, Haroutunian said.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
About half of the 1,800 brains at the Mount Sinai brain bank are preserved
in formalin, Haroutunian said. The other half are frozen.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The 1986 agreement said UT would receive autopsy reports relating to the
collection.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“It would be tremendously helpful, but I don’t believe we have them,”
Cormack said. “When Tim (Schallert) got involved, all that existed were the
brains. There were no associated records” other than brief notations such as
‘Parkinson’s disease’ or ‘Alzheimer’s.’ There is no psychiatric information, and
that is a tragedy. Whoever first got the autopsy reports may have put them
somewhere and not told anyone. At this point that’s just a mystery.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Questions about the collection began to emerge in 2011, when Voorhes, on
assignment for Scientific American magazine, visited UT to photograph brains.
Schallert showed him a glass cabinet filled with brains, in a closet shared with
chemistry materials. Some of the brains were from people with Down syndrome or
meningitis.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
“It shocked me,” Voorhes said, that the brains had come through the mental
hospital, given that some of those diseases are not treated as mental illness
today. “I was shaken.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
He said he felt they were “very rare, very special and should be
documented.” He contacted Hannaford, a friend, and they collaborated on the
book.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
As for Whitman’s brain, Cormack isn’t convinced it was ever in the
collection. “Frankly,” he said, “to me it smells of urban legend.”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a federated="1""" href="http://www.mystatesman.com/news/news/local/university-of-texas-looks-for-clues-after-100-huma/njKYx/#__federated=1" local="" news="" njkyx="" title="http://www.mystatesman.com/news/news/local/university-of-texas-looks-for-clues-after-100-huma/njKYx/#__federated=1" university-of-texas-looks-for-clues-after-100-huma="" www.mystatesman.com="">http://www.mystatesman.com/news/news/local/university-of-texas-looks-for-clues-after-100-huma/njKYx/#__federated=1</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.chron.com/news/texas/article/About-100-brains-missing-from-University-of-Texas-5930931.php" title="http://www.chron.com/news/texas/article/About-100-brains-missing-from-University-of-Texas-5930931.php">http://www.chron.com/news/texas/article/About-100-brains-missing-from-University-of-Texas-5930931.php</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.startribune.com/nation/284551681.html">http://www.startribune.com/nation/284551681.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/03/texas-missing-brains/19819601/" title="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/03/texas-missing-brains/19819601/">http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/03/texas-missing-brains/19819601/</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-missing-brains-found-in-texas-20141203-story.html" title="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-missing-brains-found-in-texas-20141203-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-missing-brains-found-in-texas-20141203-story.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="https://time.com/3615992/human-brains-missing-university-of-texas/" title="https://time.com/3615992/human-brains-missing-university-of-texas/">https://time.com/3615992/human-brains-missing-university-of-texas/</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
that’s one way to destroy any suspect CJD TSE prion disease brain, in a
state that has the highest number of _documented_ mad cows, and nvCJD victims.
...just saying.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Please see; *** NIH Lacks Uniform Protection of Research Samples, Committee
Leaders Say ***</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
From: TSS </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Subject: Re: NIH says it will preserve CJD brains </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Date: June 21, 2005 at 9:54 am PST</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Press Office Tuesday, June 21, 2005
202-225-5735 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** NIH Lacks Uniform Protection of Research Samples, Committee Leaders
Say</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Few Safeguards in Place Despite Enormous Potential Value</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WASHINGTON - The research and handling of human tissue samples at the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) appears to be largely ungoverned and there
is almost no accountability for damaged or lost samples, according to leaders of
the House Energy and Commerce Committee.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In a letter to NIH Director Elias Zerhouni, M.D., lawmakers said they were
"extremely concerned" by "a fairly loose, ad-hoc approach" to the samples, which
could hold significant potential for research to combat any number of illnesses
or disease. The members of Congress are seeking extensive information detailing
the scope of the samples and an estimate of those lost each year at NIH
labs.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Committee Chairman Joe Barton, R-Texas, has said he will introduce
legislation to reauthorize the NIH and hopes for House passage this year. The
last reauthorization of NIH occurred in 1993.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The full text of the letter, signed by Chairman Barton, ranking member John
Dingell, D-Mich., Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee Chairman Ed
Whitfield, R-Ky., and subcommittee ranking member Bart Stupak, D-Mich.,
follows:</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
June 20, 2005</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Dear Dr. Zerhouni: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Committee on Energy and Commerce is investigating the adequacy of the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) policies for maintaining research samples of
human tissue. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Our interest in the NIH's maintaining of human tissue samples arises from
concerns raised by a scientist at NIH ("NIH scientist"). She contacted the
Committee staff about the problems she encountered in locating spinal fluid
samples she and her colleagues had collected from over 30 patients with
Alzheimer's disease.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The NIH scientist had previously worked at the National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH) with the Geriatric Psychiatry Group. She left the NIMH in 1997,
and returned to NIH at another institute/center in August 2001. Prior to leaving
the NIMH in 1997, she was the principal investigator on drug studies in which
she and other colleagues collected spinal fluid from over 30 Alzheimer's
patients. Approximately 20 ccs of spinal fluid were collected with each spinal
tap. The NIH scientist left the NIMH before conducting these studies and did not
use the spinal fluid samples. According to the NIH scientist, these spinal fluid
samples were stored in appropriately backed-up freezers when she left NIMH in
1997. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sometime in mid-2004, the NIH scientist, now at another NIH
institute/center, asked her former supervisor at NIMH for these patient samples
for a study she wanted to conduct. After several months, the former supervisor
in January 2005 reported to the NIH scientist that his group would be able to
produce 10 subjects total (before and after taps) with only 0.5 cc available for
most of the subjects. The former supervisor and the NIMH have been unable to
account for what happened to the rest of the spinal fluid samples.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Committee staff has learned from NIH officials that the NIH has no
uniform, centralized, and mandatory authority regulating the handling of human
tissue samples. Some NIH laboratories keep a written record on the maintenance
of these samples, but other NIH laboratories do not. Although there are explicit
regulations defined in 42 C.F.R. 72.6 detailing the handling for hazardous
biological materials and select agents, there is no explicit policy for the
handling and accounting of human tissue samples. In addition, there is no formal
inventory control or tracking system at NIH. If a freezer or other storage
facility malfunctions and the human tissue samples become unusable, NIH
laboratories are not required to account for the disposition of these samples.
There is reason to believe that there are cases where NIH loses human tissue
samples but has no record of what has been lost. Moreover, the lack of
accountability leaves NIH wholly vulnerable to theft and diversion of valuable
human tissue samples. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
We are extremely concerned over what was described to Committee staff by
NIH officials of a fairly loose, ad-hoc approach to controlling human tissue
samples. These samples were collected under informed consent from human subjects
who agreed to provide their tissue because they were told that the sample would
be used for a particular purpose in the study, perhaps even used to look at the
effects from a particular drug. Some of these samples are extraordinarily
precious from a research standpoint because some patients who donated samples
had a rare disease. For example, we note that the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases obtained blood samples from SARS patients as part of its
immunological research of SARS and coronaviruses. In addition, NIH intramural
researchers sometimes rely on obtaining human tissue samples from sources
outside NIH for their laboratory work, or even in their work for Cooperative
Research and Development Agreements with third parties. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
NIH has an obligation to the human subjects and the outside scientific
community to require an appropriate tracking system or protocol for all
laboratories involved with collection and maintenance of human tissue samples.
NIH officials acknowledged to Committee staff the importance of maintaining
human research samples because for all published work, scientists are expected
to provide access to other researchers to the human tissue samples for the
purpose of reproducing the results reached in the scientist's reported
study.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In light of the concerns about the current handling by NIH of human tissue
samples, pursuant to Rules X and XI of the U.S. House of Representatives, please
provide the following by no later than Tuesday, July 5, 2005: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
1. The current total number of human tissue samples maintained at NIH, with
a breakdown for each Institute or Center. The current total number of
laboratories at NIH that maintain human tissue samples and the current total
number of laboratories that have a tracking system accounting in place for the
human tissue samples.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
2. All records dated on or since January 1, 2002, in possession of NIH,
including communications within each Institute/Center and each laboratory,
relating to any distinct direction, instruction, or policy relating to the
handling of human tissue samples.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
3. All records dated on or since January 1, 2002, in possession of the NIH
Office of Intramural Research or the NIH Office of Management Assessment
relating to any closed investigation of an allegation relating to the handling
or accounting of human tissue samples. Please also state whether there are any
open investigations and, if so, which institutes or centers are under
investigation.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
4. The current total amount of expenditures for FY2005 by NIH for
maintaining and repairing freezers or other storage facilities containing human
tissue samples.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
5. An estimate of the total number of human tissue samples lost each year
at NIH laboratories, and an estimate of the number of human tissue samples lost
each year at NIH laboratories because of freezer or storage facility
malfunctions.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
6. A description of any measures NIH is taking to reduce the number of
research freezer or other storage facility malfunctions or breakdowns.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
7. List the names of the ten rarest diseases for which NIH has human tissue
samples, the name of the Institute and laboratory that has possession of these
samples, and the specific measures currently being taken to track these
samples.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
8. All records relating to the CSF samples collected by the NIH scientist
and others in a NIMH study on lithium in early Alzheimer's disease patients.
Patient identifiers may be redacted.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Additionally, please provide the following: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
9. Since January 1, 1995, has any official at NIH authorized the use of
human tissue samples in possession of NIH to be used by any NIH employee in
support of an outside activity?</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
10. Since January 1, 1995, has any official at NIH ever used human tissue
samples that were in possession of NIH in connection with any of his or her
outside activities?</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Please note that, for the purpose of responding to these requests, the
terms "records" and "relating" should be interpreted in accordance with the
attachment to this letter. In addition, we are requesting that following
production of the records to the Committee, you make available NIH employees for
Committee staff interviews as requested by Committee staff.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
# # # </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/News/06212005_1562.htm">http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/News/06212005_1562.htm</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Greetings,</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
>>>The research and handling of human tissue samples at the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) appears to be largely ungoverned and there
is almost no accountability for damaged or lost samples, according to leaders of
the House Energy and Commerce Committee.<<<</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
SO, the loved ones to CJD human TSE deaths that went to the pain of
submitting these samples for answers and science, are now to wonder if they even
used them at all, and if they were just thrown out like some old used garbage.
IF we would have known that, we would have rathered burried them with the
deceased, in tact. This is all very disgusting and very disturbing...TSS </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
>>>7. List the names of the ten rarest diseases for which NIH has
human tissue samples, the name of the Institute and laboratory that has
possession of these samples, and the specific measures currently being taken to
track these samples.<<< </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
RATHER interesting, but it would seem that human prion disease should be at
the top of the list... </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
TSS </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." To: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sent: Tuesday, May 31, 2005 5:15 PM </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Subject: NIH says it will preserve CJD brains </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
#####################</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
NIH may destroy human brain collection </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
By STEVE MITCHELL, Medical Correspondent | March 24, 2005 at 8:42 AM</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WASHINGTON, March 24 (UPI) -- The National Institutes of Health may discard
part or all of a rare collection that includes hundreds of human brain samples
from patients that suffered from a disorder similar to mad cow disease -- unless
another researcher or institution takes them on, United Press International has
learned. Several scientists said the collection, which is held by the NIH's
National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Md. -- and
includes brains and other tissue samples from people afflicted with the
brain-wasting illness Creutzfeldt Jakob disease -- is irreplaceable and could
even provide insight into treatments for the fatal disorder. Currently, there is
no cure for CJD and patients typically die within a year after symptoms begin.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
However, NIH officials in control of the collection's fate told UPI the
remaining samples are of little scientific value and may be disposed of if
researchers outside the agency do not claim it. That position stands in sharp
contrast with CJD experts who thought the collection should be preserved. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"It's invaluable," said Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the
NIH's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies, whose expertise is in CJD
and mad cow disease (also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE).
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The collection is badly in need of organization and no one is certain how
many brains or other tissue samples it contains, said Brown, who worked with the
collection since its inception in the 1960's until his retirement last year.
There could be brains, blood, spinal fluid and various other tissues from 1,000
people or more, he said. Some of the specimens would be of scientific use today,
he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"This collection has the unique value of stretching back to the beginning
of when these diseases were discovered," Brown told UPI, noting that the first
samples were obtained in 1963. "It would be as though you had in your hands the
possibility of finding out when AIDS started." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bruce Johnson, a former technician at the CNSS lab who worked extensively
with the collection before he retired in 2003, told UPI he was told "in two
years they (NIH officials)are going to destroy it, if nobody wants it." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Eugene Major, acting director of the basic neuroscience program at the NIH,
said no specific timeframe had been established. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"We have not set a firm deadline date," Major told UPI. "We are working
very hard with investigators that we know in order to be able to make sure that
whatever we deem is valuable is potentially kept here." Some samples already
have been determined not to have any research value and have been "removed and
disposed of," he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Others samples have been given out to Dr. David Asher at the Food and Drug
Administration and Pierluigi Gambetti at the National Prion Disease Pathology
Surveillance Center in Cleveland, Ohio. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Major maintained the remaining collection was not particularly valuable for
research. "Whatever had been collected here that has not already been
distributed to responsible investigators who could use them really has very
little remaining value," he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Neither Asher nor Gambetti returned phone calls from UPI, but Brown said he
thought Asher had received only a dozen or two samples at most and Gambetti had
not received much at all. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Neil Cashman, a brain-disease researcher at the University of Toronto's
Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- who has tried to obtain the
collection from the NIH -- said it was priceless. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"It would be like destroying an art museum," Cashman told UPI. "There's all
this information and insight that's locked up in these tissues and if it's
destroyed it will be lost forever." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Memorial Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases Inc., a non-profit
organization consisting of more than 40 university and institute researchers
from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and France, also thinks the brain
collection is invaluable. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"It is the opinion of the Board of Directors ... of The MIND Inc., that the
... brain bank should not be broken up nor destroyed," said Harry E. Peery,
MIND's executive director, in a letter to UPI. "We believe that this collection
is of inestimable research value and should be kept intact." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The institute, at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, applied for
possession of the collection in early 2004, but received a letter from the NINDS
indicating the fate of the collection had not yet been determined. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"We have heard nothing further since that time" and continue to be
interested in acquiring the complete collection, Peery said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CJD belongs to a group of rare, brain-wasting disorders that are little
understood, incurable and fatal. This includes mad cow disease in cows, chronic
wasting disease in deer and elk. The most infamous of these illnesses in humans
is variant CJD, which people can contract from eating beef products infected
with the mad-cow pathogen. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Although vCJD has infected more than 154 people worldwide, only one case
has ever been detected in the United States -- in a Florida woman who is thought
to have contracted the disease while living in the United Kingdom. However, the
NIH brain samples have never been screened for vCJD -- something Johnson thinks
is critically important. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"No one has ever looked to see if any American (in the collection) in the
past had variant CJD," Johnson said. "You think it would be required that they
do that. You think it would be a Congressional mandate that they test these
brains: 'Let's see if we've got this disease in our country.'" </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Johnson noted at least one brain in the collection he personally had
examined -- from a French woman collected in 1971 -- showed evidence of possible
vCJD infection, but the sample needed further study to be sure. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Other samples in the collection include the brains of patients who were
only 16 years old when they were diagnosed with CJD. This would be unusual for
sporadic CJD, because generally it strikes those over age 60. Variant CJD, on
the other hand, typically occurs in patients in their 20s or younger. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"I thought it was absolutely vital (to test these brains)," Johnson said.
"Maybe there's a dozen cases in there of variant CJD." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Major disagreed. "There's really no reason to do that," he said. "The
effort it would take to screen those samples ... would not give us any new
insights into variant CJD beyond what it is we already know." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Johnson said he was frustrated with the NIH administration's lack of
interest in preserving the collection or testing for vCJD. "They don't
understand," he said, "they honest-to-god don't understand what it's all about."
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Patient advocates also objected to the possible destruction of the brains.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Terry Singeltary, whose mother died of a type of CJD called Heidenhain
variant in 1997, said he is outraged and families of other CJD victims probably
will be, too. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"A lot of these families went through a lot of heartache and a lot of
trouble to get these brain samples to the NIH," Singeltary told UPI. "Now
they're just going to discard them because they're not of scientific use? That's
just asinine. That stuff is valuable information." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Graham Steel, vice-chair of the Human BSE Foundation in the United Kingdom,
told UPI, "The potential loss of such important tissue samples would be a
massive blow for TSE (the group of diseases that includes CJD and BSE) research
in the United States. This should not be allowed to happen." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Singeltary noted there currently is no cure for these diseases. "If you
don't have any answers yet, why would you throw these specimens away?" he asked.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
He added that more sensitive tests are just becoming available and could
help determine the origin of some of the CJD cases. "We've all been sitting
around waiting for more sensitive tests to get validated because we want
answers," he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"You know, it must be an embarrassment," Johnson said. "Some Senator is
going to eventually say 'What is NIH doing about mad cow disease?' And people
are going to scratch their heads and say 'not much'." He added, "What's going to
happen (is) one of these senators or their wife is going to develop spontaneous
CJD one day and ... there's going to be hell raised and they're going to ask,
'Why isn't NIH working on this?'" </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
-- </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
E-mail <a href="mailto:sciencemail@upi.com">sciencemail@upi.com</a> </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/03/24/NIH-may-destroy-human-brain-collection/UPI-84811111671758/" title="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/03/24/NIH-may-destroy-human-brain-collection/UPI-84811111671758/">http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/03/24/NIH-may-destroy-human-brain-collection/UPI-84811111671758/</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Groups seek to save NIH brain collection </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
By STEVE MITCHELL, Medical Correspondent | April 1, 2005 at 4:48 PM </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WASHINGTON, April 1 (UPI) -- Scientists, consumer groups and
patient-advocates have embarked upon efforts -- including petitioning members of
Congress and seeking storage space at a Canadian university -- to prevent the
National Institutes of Health from destroying an irreplaceable collection of
human brains from patients afflicted with a condition similar to mad cow
disease. As United Press International reported last week, the NIH has begun
shopping for a new home for its collection of brains, spinal fluid and other
tissues from hundreds of patients around the world who died from Creutzfeldt
Jakob disease -- an incurable, fatal, brain-wasting illness. The collection
dates back to 1963 and the consensus among scientists in this field is it is
invaluable for research and could provide insights that might aid in developing
diagnostic tests, treatments or cures for CJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
NIH officials, however, maintain the remaining samples in the collection --
stored in some 30 freezers by the National Institute for Neurological Disorders
and Stroke in Bethesda, Md. -- are of little value and may be disposed of if
researchers or institutions do not come forward to claim them. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Families of patients who died of CJD have reacted with outrage, concerned
that the effort mounted to collect the brains in the first place has been all
for naught. Several have contacted their respective members of Congress and
urged them to step in. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"The brains and brain tissue were sent to NIH in good faith for future
research and destroying them is an outrage," Terry Singeltary, a patient
advocate in Bacliff, Texas, wrote in a letter to Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchinson,
R-Texas, and several other members of the state's congressional delegation.
Singeltary's mother died of a type of CJD called Heidenhain variant in 1997.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Hutchinson's office did not return a call from UPI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Eugene Major, who serves as acting director of the NINDS and is responsible
for the fate of the brain collection, did not return a call from UPI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"The patients these brains were taken from suffered greatly before they
died of CJD," Heather Larson of Phoenix, whose mother succumbed to CJD last year
at the age of 56, wrote in a letter to Arizona Republican Sens. John McCain and
Jon Kyl, and Republican Rep. John Shadegg. "Their brains hold answers that can
save human lives. Destroying the brains at Bethesda would greatly hinder the
research being done to fight this disease and would cost many their lives."
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The offices of McCain and Kyl did not return UPI's calls. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"The ravages of this disease, and the toll it takes not only on its victims
but on family and loved ones, cannot easily be described to someone who has not
witnessed it personally," Patty Cook of Kansas City, Kan., wrote in a letter to
Kansas Republican Sens. Sam Brownback and Pat Roberts, and Democratic Rep.
Dennis Moore. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"I urge you to do whatever you can to ensure these brains are not
destroyed," added Cook, whose mother died of CJD in 1982. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Brownback's office did not return a call from UPI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CJD belongs to a group of diseases -- called transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies or TSEs -- that includes mad cow disease, chronic wasting
disease in deer and elk, scrapie in sheep and several types of CJD in humans.
There is no cure for CJD and it typically results in death within a year after
the onset of symptoms. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Consumer groups also are concerned and are considering taking steps to
ensure the brain collection will be preserved. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"This is outrageous," Michael Hansen, a biologist and senior research
associate with Consumers Union in Yonkers, N.Y., told UPI. "Those brains are a
critical resource for CJD science and they must be at a research facility."
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Hansen added that his late friend, Joe Gibbs, the former chief of NINDS's
Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, told him the brain of famed
choreographer George Balanchine, who died of CJD in 1983, resides in the
collection. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"How can we claim to be a scientific country if we're going to be throwing
away an irreplaceable repository of the first evidence of these diseases?" asked
Felicia Nestor, who serves as a consultant to Public Citizen. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
There may be hope yet for the collection, however. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Neil Cashman, an expert on TSEs at the University of Toronto's Center for
Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, told UPI he has been attempting to drum
up support for acquiring the collection with his colleagues at the University of
British Columbia in Vancouver -- where he plans to move this summer. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"I'm trying to organize support for an official letter from UBC to NIH to
request the collection," Cashman said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The letter will probably go out in about a month, he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"The goal would be to make it a resource for the world and make the tissues
available to scientists who had a reasonable request," he added. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Singeltary said he has heard from at least one other prominent scientist in
this field who said they planned to contact the NIH and urge it to reconsider
the fate of the collection. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
One brain in the collection, that of a French woman who died in 1971, may
help provide clues about the origins of variant CJD -- a condition similar to
CJD that humans can contract from eating beef products contaminated with the
mad-cow pathogen. The first recognized case of vCJD occurred in 1995 in the
United Kingdom, but an NIH scientist said he tested the French woman's brain in
2000 and found signs consistent with vCJD -- not CJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
French researchers currently are re-examining specimens from the case to
determine if the woman was indeed infected with vCJD. If she was, it would
suggest the disease began infecting people more than 20 years earlier than
previously thought. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Cashman said the case underscores the value of the NIH brain collection.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"There is information locked up in these freezers that will be lost forever
if this collection is destroyed," he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
-- </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:sciencemail@upi.com">sciencemail@upi.com</a> </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/04/01/Groups-seek-to-save-NIH-brain-collection/UPI-72961112392131/" title="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/04/01/Groups-seek-to-save-NIH-brain-collection/UPI-72961112392131/">http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/04/01/Groups-seek-to-save-NIH-brain-collection/UPI-72961112392131/</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
NIH sends mixed signals on CJD brains </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
By STEVE MITCHELL, Medical Correspondent | April 7, 2005 at 3:30 PM </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WASHINGTON, April 7 (UPI) -- A National Institutes of Health official who
told United Press International the agency might destroy its collection of
brains from human patients afflicted with a condition similar to mad cow disease
reportedly has told the head of a patient-advocate group the collection would be
preserved. The official, Eugene Major, acting director of the basic neuroscience
program at the NIH, has not responded to e-mail or a phone call from UPI seeking
clarification of his remarks, and the official status of the collection remains
unknown. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
As reported by UPI on March 24, the collection is stored in freezers by the
NIH's National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Md.
It contains brains and other tissue samples from hundreds of people who died
from the brain-wasting illness Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, as well as tissues
from an untold number of experimental animals. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The consensus of scientists in this field is the collection, which dates
back to 1963, is invaluable for research and could even provide insight into
treatments for the fatal disorder. Currently, there is no cure for CJD and
patients typically die within a year after symptoms begin. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Florence Kranitz, president of the non-profit advocacy group CJD
Foundation, told UPI she had "a very long conversation" with Major, in which he
told her the remaining tissues in the collection would not be destroyed. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"He reassured me in no uncertain terms," Kranitz said, noting constituents
of the foundation and other CJD advocacy groups had been expressing concerns to
her the tissues would be destroyed. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Kranitz, who has personal reasons for wanting the collection preserved --
her husband died of CJD in 2000 -- said she plans to meet with Major at the end
of April to discuss the issue further. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CJD belongs to a group of diseases collectively known as transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies, or TSEs, that includes mad cow disease in cows,
chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, and scrapie in sheep. All TSEs are
incurable and fatal. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Major previously told UPI some samples already have been destroyed and
others have been given to researchers at the Food and Drug Administration and
the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center in Cleveland. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Major said the remaining collection "has very little remaining value" and
could be destroyed if another entity does not claim them. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bruce Johnson, a former NIH scientist who retired at the end of 2003, said
he had been told the collection would be destroyed in two years if no one took
the samples from the NIH. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In response to hearing that Major had failed to confirm to UPI the brain
collection would not be destroyed, Patricia Ewanitz, who lives in Port Jefferson
Station, N.Y., and is founder of the advocacy group CJD Voice, said, "The brain
tissue might not be indispensable to the National Institutes of Health but it is
absolutely necessary to the families who thought enough of science to donate the
brains, brain tissue and blood in hopes of someday finding an answer to why
their loved one died." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Ewanitz, whose husband died of CJD in 1997, added, "It now seems like such
a joke." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Terry Singeltary, whose mother passed away from a type of CJD in 1997, said
the NIH should use the samples for scientific research, not just store them in
freezers. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Both Singeltary and Ewanitz said they would feel more reassured if Major
verified in writing the collection will not be destroyed. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"I would go further and ask Major what he plans to do with them,"
Singeltary said. "If the samples are just going to sit up there and go bad, then
they should give them out to researchers looking for cause and cure." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The revelation the NIH might destroy part or all of the collection sparked
an outcry from patient advocates, consumer groups and scientists. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Advocates have been contacting their members of Congress, urging them to
investigate and prevent the NIH from destroying the brains. Consumer groups also
have gotten involved and scientists have taken steps to obtain the collection or
have urged Major not to destroy the samples. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Felicia Nestor, who serves as a consultant to Public Citizen, told UPI she
had contacted certain legislators and at least one was considering looking into
the situation. Nestor asked the legislator's name be withheld. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Kranitz said Major also told her he plans "to advertise in professional
neurological journals and by whatever means necessary to make it known" to
researchers in the field the tissues are available. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Major previously said, however, that efforts to inform researchers of the
availability of the collection were already underway and included informing NIH
grantees. He added he had personally notified researchers at scientific
meetings, but no TSE researcher contacted by UPI was aware of this. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"I was never informed," said Laura Manuelidis, an expert on these diseases
and section chief of surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale
University. She said the first she had heard of the situation was in UPI's March
24 report. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Manuelidis also said she contacted Major, expressing interest in the
specimens, but so far has not received a response. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"I sent a letter to (Major) on (March 25) about our interest in these
specimens, but he has not replied," she told UPI in an e-mail. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Neil Cashman, a TSE expert at the University of Toronto, who said he was
not aware the samples might be destroyed, has lobbied colleagues at the
University of British Columbia -- where Cashman is scheduled to move to this
summer -- to help draft a letter requesting the collection. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Memorial Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases Inc., a non-profit
organization consisting of more than 40 university and institute researchers
from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and France, requested the
collection in January, 2004. So far, the institute has not been informed of a
decision by the NIH. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Asked if Major had told him whether the collection would be preserved, MIND
Executive Director Harry Peery said, "We have heard nothing further from Eugene
Major or anyone else at the NIH regarding the brain collection." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
-- </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:sciencemail@upi.com">sciencemail@upi.com</a> </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/04/07/NIH-sends-mixed-signals-on-CJD-brains/UPI-25701112902231/" title="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/04/07/NIH-sends-mixed-signals-on-CJD-brains/UPI-25701112902231/">http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2005/04/07/NIH-sends-mixed-signals-on-CJD-brains/UPI-25701112902231/</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
NIH says it will preserve CJD brains By STEVE MITCHELL </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WASHINGTON, May 31 (UPI) -- The National Institutes of Health apparently
has reversed its position on the fate of an invaluable collection of brains from
people afflicted with a condition similar to mad cow disease, saying in a letter
to a U.S. senator it will not destroy the collection. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
An NIH official had told United Press International previously that the
brain collection, which consists of samples from hundreds of people who died
from the brain-wasting illness called Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, could be
discarded if another entity does not claim them. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
That sparked an outcry from patient-advocacy groups, consumer watchdogs and
scientists, and the agency now appears to have backed away from that course.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"All the brains and other tissues with potential to help scientists learn
about CJD are, and will continue to be, conserved," Story Landis, director of
the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, which oversees the
brain collection, wrote in a May 10 letter to Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Cornyn had inquired about the status of the collection in April. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Last March, Eugene Major, acting director of the basic neuroscience program
at the NIH, told UPI the useful portions of the collection had been doled out to
scientists and the remaining samples had "very little remaining value" and could
be destroyed. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Landis could not be reached for comment Tuesday. NINDS spokesman Paul
Girolami told UPI he had been unable to locate her. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Scientists think the collection, which dates back to 1963, is invaluable
for research on CJD and similar diseases and could even provide insight into
treatments. There is no cure for CJD and patients typically die within a year
after symptoms begin. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"Absolutely, the collection is worth keeping," Bruce Johnson, a former NIH
scientist who said he had been told the collection would be destroyed in two
years if no one took the samples from the agency, told UPI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Memorial Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases Inc., a non-profit
organization consisting of more than 40 researchers from several countries,
offered to take the collection off of NIH's hands more than a year ago and so
far has not heard anything from the agency, Harry Peery, MIND's executive
director, told UPI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CJD belongs to a group of incurable and fatal diseases collectively known
as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or TSEs, that includes mad cow
disease in cows, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, and scrapie in sheep.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Variant CJD, or vCJD, is a relatively new TSE, which people can contract
from consuming beef products infected with the mad cow pathogen. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Despite Landis' assurance the collection will be preserved, some family
members of the patients who donated their brains to the NIH are still skeptical.
This is because the wording Landis used in the letter leaves open the
possibility that some brain samples are being destroyed. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"The tissues that are discarded are those that have either decayed to an
extent that renders them no longer appropriate for research or those for which
we do not have sufficient identification," Landis wrote. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"Which ones" are being destroyed? asked Terry Singeltary, who is involved
with several CJD patient groups. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"With a system like this, they could destroy whatever and whenever they
wanted, for whatever reason they wanted," Singeltary, whose mother died of CJD
in 1997, told UPI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"It's a perfect excuse to discard some suspicious tissue resembling vCJD or
some atypical TSE related to animal TSEs in the USA," he added. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Although the collection includes samples from CJD patients as young as 16
that could make them candidates for possible vCJD, the brains have never been
screened for evidence of the disease. The only confirmed vCJD case in the United
States occurred in a Florida woman who is thought to have contracted the disease
in England. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Johnson said he along with renowned CJD expert Paul Brown were in the
process of sorting through the samples to match them up with patient
identification documents until they both retired. Some of the samples may prove
impossible to identify, he said, but he and Brown are the only ones familiar
enough with the collection to organize it and neither has been asked back by the
agency to aid in the identification process. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Steve Mitchell is UPI's Medical Correspondent. E-mail: sciencemail@upi.com
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Copyright 2005 by United Press International. All Rights Reserved. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a 20050531-050800-6771r.htm="" href="http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050531-050800-6771r.htm" upi-breaking="" washingtontimes.com="">http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050531-050800-6771r.htm</a> </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a feed="Science&article=UPI-1-20050531-17245200-bc-us-cjdbrains.xml""" href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/index.php?feed=Science&article=UPI-1-20050531-17245200-bc-us-cjdbrains.xml" index.php="" upi="" www.sciencedaily.com="">http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/index.php?feed=Science&article=UPI-1-20050531-17245200-bc-us-cjdbrains.xml</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
===================== </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
JOHN CORNYN TEXAS UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, DC 20510-4305 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
April 26,2005 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Mr. Terry Singeltary</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
P.O. Box 42 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bacliff, Texas 77518 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Dear Mr. Singeltary: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In response to your recent request for my assistance, I have contacted the
National Institutes of Health. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
I will write you again as soon as I receive a reply. I appreciate having
the opportunity to represent you in the United States Senate and to be of
service in this matter. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sincerely, </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
JOHN CORNYN United States Senator JC:djl </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
=============== </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
JOHN CORNYN TEXAS UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, DC 20510-4305 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
May 18, 2005 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Mr. Terry Singeltary</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
P.O. Box 42</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bacliff, Texas 77518 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Dear Mr. Singeltary: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Enclosed is the reply I received from the Department of Health and Human
Services in response to my earlier inquiry on your behalf. I hope this will be
useful to you. I appreciate having the opportunity to represent you in the
United States Senate. Thank you for taking time to contact me. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sincerely, </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
JOHN CORNYN United States Senate JC:djl Enclosure </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
NINDS Building 31, Room 8A52 31 Center Dr., MSC 2540 Bethesda, Maryland
20892-2540 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Phone: 301-496-9746 Fax: 301-496-0296 Email: sll22c@nih.gov </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
May 10, 2005 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Honorable John Cornyn United States Senator Occidental Tower 5005 LBJ
Freeway, Suite 1150 Dallas, Texas 75244-6199 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Dear Senator Cornyn: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Your letter to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) forwarding
correspondence from Mr. Terry S. Singeltary, Sr., has been forwarded to me for
reply. Mr. Singeltary is concerned about the preservation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease (CJD) brain samples that have been maintained by the National Institute
of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Intramural Research program for
many years. I am sorry to learn that Mr. Singeltary's mother died of CJD and can
certainly understand his desire that any tissues that could help investigators
unravel the puzzle of this deadly disease are preserved. I hope he will be
pleased to learn that all the brains and other tissues with potential to help
scientists learn about CJD are, and will continue to be, conserved. (The tissues
that are discarded are those that have either decayed to an extent that renders
them no longer appropriate for research or those for which we do not have
sufficient identification.) The purpose of gathering these brains and tissues is
to help scientists learn about CJD. To that end, some of the NINDS-held samples
are distributed to investigators who can demonstrate that they have a compelling
research or public health need for such materials. For example, samples have
been transferred to NIH grantee Dr. Pierluigi Gambetti, who heads the National
Prion Diseases Pathology Surveillance Center at Case Western Reserve University
in Ohio and works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to monitor
all cases of CJD in the United States. Dr. Gambetti studies the tissues to learn
about the formation, physical and chemical properties, and pathogenic mechanisms
of prion proteins, which are believed to be involved in the cause of CJD.
Samples have also been transferred to Dr. David Asher, at the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, for use in assessing a potential diagnostic test for CJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Page 2 - The Honorable John Cornyn </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
in closing, we know that donating organs and tissue from loved ones is a
very difficult and personal choice that must often be made at the most stressful
of times. We at the NINDS are grateful to those stalwart family members who make
this choice in the selfless hope that it will help others afflicted with CJD. We
also know the invaluable contribution such donations make to the advancement of
medical science, and we are dedicated to the preservation of all of the tissue
samples that can help in our efforts to overcome CJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
I hope this information is helpful to you in responding to Mr. Singeltary.
Sincerely, </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Story C. Landis, Ph.D. Director, National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
================================== </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
TSS </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
a.. see re-NIH to destroy brain samples and tissues</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
TSS</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
#################### <a href="https://lists.aegee.org/bse-l.html">https://lists.aegee.org/bse-l.html</a>
#################### </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/09/agent-strain-variation-in-human-prion.html" title="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/09/agent-strain-variation-in-human-prion.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/09/agent-strain-variation-in-human-prion.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/2010/04/senator-kay-bailey-hutchison-says-no-to.html" title="http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/2010/04/senator-kay-bailey-hutchison-says-no-to.html">http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/2010/04/senator-kay-bailey-hutchison-says-no-to.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
the cjd body snatchers</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/01/cjd-hgh-body-snatchers.html" title="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/01/cjd-hgh-body-snatchers.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/01/cjd-hgh-body-snatchers.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
2014</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas
in June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European ***</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sunday, November 23, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas
in June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European ***</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The completed investigation did not support the patient's having had
extended travel to European countries, including the United Kingdom, or travel
to Saudi Arabia. The specific overseas country where this patient’s infection
occurred is less clear largely because the investigation did not definitely link
him to a country where other known vCJD cases likely had been infected. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Monday, November 3, 2014</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
USA CJD TSE PRION UNIT, TEXAS, SURVEILLANCE UPDATE NOVEMBER 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Cases Examined1
(October 7, 2014) </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***6 Includes 11 cases in which the diagnosis is pending, and 19
inconclusive cases; </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***7 Includes 12 (11 from 2014) cases with type determination pending in
which the diagnosis of vCJD has been excluded. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***The sporadic cases include 2660 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease (sCJD), </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***50 cases of Variably Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy (VPSPr) </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***and 21 cases of sporadic Fatal Insomnia (sFI). </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2014/11/usa-cjd-tse-prion-unit-texas.html">http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2014/11/usa-cjd-tse-prion-unit-texas.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Tuesday, November 04, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The pathological and molecular but not clinical phenotypes are maintained
after second passage of experimental atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy
in cattle </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-pathological-and-molecular-but-not.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-pathological-and-molecular-but-not.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
We report a case of a 33-year-old female who died of a prion disease for
whom the diagnosis of sFI or FFI was not considered clinically. Following death
of this patient, an interview with a close family member indicated the patient's
illness included a major change in her sleep pattern, corroborating the reported
autopsy diagnosis of sFI. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/cjd-tse-prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/cjd-tse-prion-disease-cases-in-texas-by.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
sporadic FFI or nvCJD Texas style ??? </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sunday, July 11, 2010 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CJD or prion disease 2 CASES McLennan County Texas population 230,213 both
cases in their 40s </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN
AND SPINAL CORD MATTER </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
URGENT, PLEASE NOTE ; </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where
she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for
packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would
euthanize the cattle. <<< </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
7 hours ago 0 Likes Like Reply Share flounder Flagflounder Guest Rank 2515
CJD NE TEXAS CLUSTER </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Northeast Texas </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
J.A. Rawlings,*1 K.A. Hendricks1, O.M. Nuno1, D.A. Brown1, D.A. Evans2,
Texas Department of Health, 1Austin and 2Tyler, Texas Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
(CJD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is caused by prions composed
of proteinaceous material devoid of nucleic acid. CJD occurs sporadically
(generally 1 case/1,000,000 population per year) in older patients (average age
of 65) and is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, accompanied by
severe muscle spasms and incoordination. Death usually occurs within 3 to 12
months (average 7 months). CJD activity in Texas, which has a population of
nearly 19 million, appeared to be typical. The statewide death rate for 1995 and
1996 was just under 1/1,000,000. In April of 1997, the Texas Department of
Health became aware of an increased number of possible CJD cases in a 23-county
area of NE Texas with a population of just over one million. After review of
medical and pathology records, four patients were identified with definite
classic CJD and three were identified with probable CJD. Dates of death for the
eight patients were from April, 1996 through mid-July 1997. The patients were
from 46 through 65 years of age; four were male and three were female. A
case-control study to identify risks for CJD in NE Texas has been initiated. <a href="http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm">http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
7 hours ago 0 Likes Like Reply Share </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.chron.com/news/health/article/Rare-mad-cow-death-in-Houston-5534095.php">http://www.chron.com/news/health/article/Rare-mad-cow-death-in-Houston-5534095.php</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
MAD COW DISEASE AKA BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE typical and
atypical </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** Singeltary reply ; Molecular, Biochemical and Genetic Characteristics
of BSE in Canada Singeltary reply ; </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action;jsessionid=635CE9094E0EA15D5362B7D7B809448C?root=7143">http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action;jsessionid=635CE9094E0EA15D5362B7D7B809448C?root=7143</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Tuesday, August 12, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
MAD COW USDA TSE PRION COVER UP or JUST IGNORANCE, for the record AUGUST
2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2014/08/mad-cow-usda-tse-prion-cover-up-or-just.html">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2014/08/mad-cow-usda-tse-prion-cover-up-or-just.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Thursday, October 02, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
[Docket No. APHIS-2013-0064] Concurrence With OIE Risk Designations for
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/10/docket-no-aphis-2013-0064-concurrence.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/10/docket-no-aphis-2013-0064-concurrence.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Saturday, August 14, 2010 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
BSE Case Associated with Prion Protein Gene Mutation (g-h-BSEalabama) and
VPSPr PRIONPATHY </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html">http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN
COMMERCE USA 2007 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES -- CLASS II </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
PRODUCT </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling's 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried,
Recall # V-024-2007 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CODE </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Firm initiated recall is ongoing. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
REASON </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross-
contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been
manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE
statement. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
42,090 lbs. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
DISTRIBUTION </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WI </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
___________________________________ </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
PRODUCT </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot-
Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M
CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B
DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal,
JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI - 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT
Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J - PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral,
BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC
LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall #
V-025-2007 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CODE </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The firm does not utilize a code - only shipping documentation with
commodity and weights identified. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm
initiated recall is complete. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
REASON </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross
contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear
cautionary BSE statement. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
9,997,976 lbs. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
DISTRIBUTION </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
ID and NV </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm">http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sunday, December 15, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE ***</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/12/fda-part-589-substances-prohibited-from.html">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/12/fda-part-589-substances-prohibited-from.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Singeltary Response to USDA, and USDA </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
RESPONSE TO SINGELTARY ON HARVARD BSE RISK ASSESSMENT </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Owens, Julie </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net] </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2006 1:09 PM </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
To: FSIS RegulationsComments </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Subject: [Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine
Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Page 1 of 98 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FSIS, USDA, REPLY TO SINGELTARY </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Tuesday, December 2, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
UK EXPORTS OF MBM TO WORLD Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Prion
aka Mad Cow Disease</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
USA, NORTH AMERICA, MBM (or any potential TSE prion disease) EXPORTS TO THE
WORLD (?) [protected by the BSE MRR policy] $$$</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2014/12/uk-exports-of-mbm-to-world-bovine.html">http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2014/12/uk-exports-of-mbm-to-world-bovine.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Monday, December 1, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Germany Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE CJD TSE Prion disease A Review
December 1, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2014/12/germany-bovine-spongiform.html">http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2014/12/germany-bovine-spongiform.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Tuesday, November 04, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** Six-year follow-up of a point-source exposure to CWD contaminated
venison in an Upstate New York community: risk behaviours and health outcomes
2005–2011 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/11/six-year-follow-up-of-point-source.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/11/six-year-follow-up-of-point-source.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Singeltary submission ;</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Program Standards: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program and
Interstate Movement of Farmed or Captive Deer, Elk, and Moose </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
DOCUMENT ID: APHIS-2006-0118-0411 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***Singeltary submission</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Docket No. 00-108-10 Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program and
Interstate Movement of Farmed or Captive Deer, Elk, and Moose; Program
Standards</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
>>>The CWD herd certification program is a voluntary, cooperative
program that establishes minimum requirements for the interstate movement of
farmed or captive cervids, provisions for participating States to administer
Approved State CWD Herd Certification Programs, and provisions for participating
herds to become certified as having a low risk of being infected with
CWD<<<</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Greetings USDA/APHIS et al, </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
I kindly would like to comment on Docket No. 00-108-10 Chronic Wasting
Disease Herd Certification Program and Interstate Movement of Farmed or Captive
Deer, Elk, and Moose; Program Standards.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
I believe, and in my opinion, and this has been proven by scientific facts,
that without a validated and certified test for chronic wasting disease cwd,
that is 100% sensitive, and in use, any voluntary effort will be futile. the
voluntary ban on mad cow feed and SRMs have failed terribly, the bse mad cow
surveillance program has failed terribly, as well as the testing for bse tse
prion in cattle, this too has failed terrible. all this has been proven time and
time again via OIG reports and GOA reports.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
I believe that until this happens, 100% cwd testing with validated test,
ALL MOVEMENT OF CERVIDS BETWEEN STATES MUST BE BANNED, AND THE BORDERS CLOSED TO
INTERSTATE MOVEMENT OF CERVIDS. there is simply to much at risk. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In my opinion, and the opinions of many scientists and DNR officials, that
these so called game farms are the cause of the spreading of chronic wasting
disease cwd through much negligence. the game farms in my opinion are not the
only cause, but a big factor. I kindly wish to submit the following to show what
these factors are, and why interstate movement of cervids must be banned.
...</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
snip...see full text and PDF ATTACHMENT HERE ;</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=APHIS-2006-0118-0411">http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=APHIS-2006-0118-0411</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/03/docket-no-00-108-10-chronic-wasting.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/03/docket-no-00-108-10-chronic-wasting.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sunday, June 23, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
National Animal Health Laboratory Network Reorganization Concept Paper
(Document ID APHIS-2012-0105-0001) </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***Terry S. Singeltary Sr. submission</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/national-animal-health-laboratory.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/national-animal-health-laboratory.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Friday, November 22, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Wasting disease is threat to the entire UK deer population CWD TSE PRION
disease in cervids </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***SINGELTARY SUBMISSION </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The Scottish Parliament’s Rural Affairs, Climate Change and Environment
Committee has been looking into deer management, as you can see from the
following press release, </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***and your email has been forwarded to the committee for information:
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/29878.aspx">http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/29878.aspx</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/11/wasting-disease-is-threat-to-entire-uk.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/11/wasting-disease-is-threat-to-entire-uk.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Friday, November 22, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Wasting disease is threat to the entire UK deer population </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/11/wasting-disease-is-threat-to-entire-uk.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/11/wasting-disease-is-threat-to-entire-uk.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sunday, July 21, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Welsh Government and Food Standards Agency Wales Joint Public Consultation
on the Proposed Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Wales) Regulations
2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** Singeltary Submission WG18417 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/07/welsh-government-and-food-standards.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/07/welsh-government-and-food-standards.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Saturday, July 07, 2012 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
TEXAS Animal Health Commission Accepting Comments on Chronic Wasting
Disease Rule Proposal </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Considering the seemingly high CWD prevalence rate in the Sacramento and
Hueco Mountains of New Mexico, CWD may be well established in the population and
in the environment in Texas at this time. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/texas-animal-health-commission.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/texas-animal-health-commission.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Tuesday, July 10, 2012 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Far West Texas </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/chronic-wasting-disease-detected-in-far.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/chronic-wasting-disease-detected-in-far.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Monday, February 11, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD Four New Positives Found in Trans
Pecos</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Thursday, October 03, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** TAHC ADOPTS CWD RULE THAT the amendments __REMOVE__ the requirement for
a specific fence height for captives ***</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
October 3, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/tahc-adopts-cwd-rule-that-amendments.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/tahc-adopts-cwd-rule-that-amendments.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease North America
2014</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease have now been
discovered in a wide verity of species across North America. typical C-BSE,
atypical L-type BASE BSE, atypical H-type BSE, atypical H-G BSE, of the bovine,
typical and atypical Scrapie strains, in sheep and goats, with atypical Nor-98
Scrapie spreading coast to coast in about 5 years. Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
in cervid is slowly spreading without any stopping it in Canada and the USA and
now has mutated into many different strains. Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
TME outbreaks. These Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease
have been silently mutating and spreading in different species in North America
for decades. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The USDA, FDA, et al have assured us of a robust Triple BSE TSE prion
Firewall, of which we now know without a doubt, that it was nothing but ink on
paper. Since the 1997 mad cow feed ban in the USA, literally tons and tons of
banned mad cow feed has been put out into commerce, never to return, as late as
December of 2013, serious, serious breaches in the FDA mad cow feed ban have
been documented. The 2004 enhanced BSE surveillance program was so flawed, that
one of the top TSE prion Scientist for the CDC, Dr. Paul Brown stated ; Brown,
who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to
estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States,
said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because
of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested
positive. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
see ; </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2006/03/15/Analysis-What-that-mad-cow-means/UPI-12841142465253/">http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2006/03/15/Analysis-What-that-mad-cow-means/UPI-12841142465253/</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The BSE surveillance and testing have also been proven to be flawed, and
the GAO and OIG have both raised serious question as to just how flawed it has
been (see GAO and OIG reports). North America has more documented TSE prion
disease, in different documented species (excluding the Zoo BSE animals in the
EU), then any other place on the Globe. This does not include the very
likelihood that TSE prion disease in the domestic feline and canine have been
exposed to high doses of the TSE prion disease vid pet food. To date, it’s still
legal to include deer from cwd zone into pet food or deer food. Specified Risk
Material i.e. SRM bans still being breach, as recently as just last month.
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
nvCJD or what they now call vCJD, another case documented in Texas last
month, with very little information being released to the public on about this
case? with still the same line of thought from federal officials, ‘it can’t
happen here’, so another vCJD blamed on travel of a foreign animal disease from
another country, while ignoring all the BSE TSE Prion risk factors we have here
in the USA and Canada, and the time that this victim and others, do spend in the
USA, and exposed to these risk factors, apparently do not count in any way with
regard to risk factor. a flawed process of risk assessment. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
sporadic CJD, along with new TSE prion disease in humans, of which the
young are dying, of which long duration of illness from onset of symptoms to
death have been documented, only to have a new name added to the pot of prion
disease i.e. sporadic GSS, sporadic FFI, and or VPSPR. I only ponder how a
familial type disease could be sporadic with no genetic link to any family
member? when the USA is the only documented Country in the world to have
documented two different cases of atypical H-type BSE, with one case being
called atypical H-G BSE with the G meaning Genetic, with new science now showing
that indeed atypical H-type BSE is very possible transmitted to cattle via oral
transmission (Prion2014). sporadic CJD and VPSPR have been rising in Canada,
USA, and the UK, with the same old excuse, better surveillance. You can only use
that excuse for so many years, for so many decades, until one must conclude that
CJD TSE prion cases are rising. a 48% incease in CJD in Canada is not just a
blip or a reason of better surveillance, it is a mathematical rise in numbers.
More and more we are seeing more humans exposed in various circumstance in the
Hospital, Medical, Surgical arenas to the TSE Prion disease, and at the same
time in North America, more and more humans are becoming exposed to the TSE
prion disease via consumption of the TSE prion via deer and elk, cattle, sheep
and goats, and for those that are exposed via or consumption, go on to further
expose many others via the iatrogenic modes of transmission of the TSE prion
disease i.e. friendly fire. I pondered this mode of transmission via the victims
of sporadic FFI, sporadic GSS, could this be a iatrogenic event from someone
sub-clinical with sFFI or sGSS ? what if? </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Two decades have passed since Dr. Ironside first confirmed his first ten
nvCJD victims in 1995. Ten years later, 2005, we had Dr. Gambetti and his first
ten i.e. VPSPR in younger victims. now we know that indeed VPSPR is
transmissible. yet all these TSE prion disease and victims in the USA and Canada
are being pawned off as a spontaneous event, yet science has shown, the
spontaneous theory has never been proven in any natural case of TSE prion
disease, and scientist have warned, that they have now linked some sporadic CJD
cases to atypical BSE, to atypical Scrapie, and to CWD, yet we don’t here about
this in the public domain. We must make all human and animal TSE prion disease
reportable in every age group, in ever state and internationally, we must have a
serious re-evaluation and testing of the USA cattle herds, and we must ban
interstate movement of all cervids. Any voluntary effort to do any of this will
fail. Folks, we have let the industry run science far too long with regards to
the TSE prion disease. While the industry and their lobbyist continues to funnel
junk science to our decision policy makers, Rome burns. ...end </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
REFERENCES</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Sunday, June 29, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease North America
2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2014/06/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2014/06/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Scrapie</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely
create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for
man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large
enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough.
Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might
be best to retain that hypothesis. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
snip... </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
R. BRADLEY </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to
nonhuman primates. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep
and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were
exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known
infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed
to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus
of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the
two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively.
Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed
to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru
has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under
observation. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
snip... </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The successful transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie
by natural feeding to squirrel monkeys that we have reported provides further
grounds for concern that scrapie-infected meat may occasionally give rise in
humans to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
PMID: 6997404 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether scrapie is
transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the disease has been
transmitted to primates. One particularly lurid speculation (Gajdusek 1977)
conjectures that the agents of scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and
transmissible encephalopathy of mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S.
Department of Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit
scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed for human
or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)" The problem is
emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie produce lesions identical
to the once which characterise the human dementias" </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be
transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety of laboratory
personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action such as the "scorched meat"
policy of USDA makes the solution of the acrapie problem urgent if the sheep
industry is not to suffer grievously. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
snip... </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
76/10.12/4.6 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972); doi:10.1038/236073a0 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey
(Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time
of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal
developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and
myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial
hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of
grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss
mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral
passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton,
Berkshire). </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Thursday, July 31, 2014 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
*** EFSA Scrapie reduction unlikely without effective breeding programme
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2014/07/efsa-scrapie-reduction-unlikely-without.html">http://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2014/07/efsa-scrapie-reduction-unlikely-without.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Self-Propagative Replication of Ab Oligomers Suggests Potential
Transmissibility in Alzheimer Disease</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Received July 24, 2014; Accepted September 16, 2014; Published November 3,
2014</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111492&representation=PDF">http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111492&representation=PDF</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Singeltary comment ;</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=82860">http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=82860</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
flounder9@verizon.net </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-16623609534197426152014-12-03T13:38:00.000-06:002017-07-13T12:26:18.137-05:00Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas in June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European <div>
Sunday, November 23, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Confirmed Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (variant CJD) Case in Texas in
June 2014 confirmed as USA case NOT European </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The completed investigation did not support the patient's having had
extended travel to European countries, including the United Kingdom, or travel
to Saudi Arabia. The specific overseas country where this patient’s infection
occurred is less clear largely because the investigation did not definitely link
him to a country where other known vCJD cases likely had been infected. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2014/11/confirmed-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.html </a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, November 3, 2014</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
USA CJD TSE PRION UNIT, TEXAS, SURVEILLANCE UPDATE NOVEMBER 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Cases Examined1
(October 7, 2014) </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***6 Includes 11 cases in which the diagnosis is pending, and 19
inconclusive cases; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***7 Includes 12 (11 from 2014) cases with type determination pending in
which the diagnosis of vCJD has been excluded. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***The sporadic cases include 2660 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease (sCJD), </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***50 cases of Variably Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy (VPSPr) </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***and 21 cases of sporadic Fatal Insomnia (sFI). </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2014/11/usa-cjd-tse-prion-unit-texas.html">http://prionunitusaupdate.blogspot.com/2014/11/usa-cjd-tse-prion-unit-texas.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, November 04, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The pathological and molecular but not clinical phenotypes are maintained
after second passage of experimental atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy
in cattle </div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-pathological-and-molecular-but-not.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-pathological-and-molecular-but-not.html</a><br />
<br /></div>
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*** Singeltary reply ; Molecular, Biochemical and Genetic Characteristics
of BSE in Canada Singeltary reply ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action;jsessionid=635CE9094E0EA15D5362B7D7B809448C?root=7143"> http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action;jsessionid=635CE9094E0EA15D5362B7D7B809448C?root=7143</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, August 12, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
MAD COW USDA TSE PRION COVER UP or JUST IGNORANCE, for the record AUGUST
2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2014/08/mad-cow-usda-tse-prion-cover-up-or-just.html">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2014/08/mad-cow-usda-tse-prion-cover-up-or-just.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, October 02, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
[Docket No. APHIS-2013-0064] Concurrence With OIE Risk Designations for
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/10/docket-no-aphis-2013-0064-concurrence.html"> http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2014/10/docket-no-aphis-2013-0064-concurrence.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Saturday, August 14, 2010 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
BSE Case Associated with Prion Protein Gene Mutation (g-h-BSEalabama) and
VPSPr PRIONPATHY </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html">http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/bse-case-associated-with-prion-protein.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, November 04, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Six-year follow-up of a point-source exposure to CWD contaminated venison
in an Upstate New York community: risk behaviours and health outcomes 2005–2011
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/11/six-year-follow-up-of-point-source.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2014/11/six-year-follow-up-of-point-source.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, July 31, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
EFSA Scrapie reduction unlikely without effective breeding programme </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2014/07/efsa-scrapie-reduction-unlikely-without.html">http://efsaopinionbseanimalprotein.blogspot.com/2014/07/efsa-scrapie-reduction-unlikely-without.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, July 06, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Dietary Risk Factors for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A Confirmatory
Case-Control Study </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Conclusions—The a priori hypotheses were supported. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*Consumption of various meat products may be one method of transmission of
the infectious agent for sCJD.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease North America
2014</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease have now been
discovered in a wide verity of species across North America. typical C-BSE,
atypical L-type BASE BSE, atypical H-type BSE, atypical H-G BSE, of the bovine,
typical and atypical Scrapie strains, in sheep and goats, with atypical Nor-98
Scrapie spreading coast to coast in about 5 years. Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
in cervid is slowly spreading without any stopping it in Canada and the USA and
now has mutated into many different strains. Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
TME outbreaks. These Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease
have been silently mutating and spreading in different species in North America
for decades. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The USDA, FDA, et al have assured us of a robust Triple BSE TSE prion
Firewall, of which we now know without a doubt, that it was nothing but ink on
paper. Since the 1997 mad cow feed ban in the USA, literally tons and tons of
banned mad cow feed has been put out into commerce, never to return, as late as
December of 2013, serious, serious breaches in the FDA mad cow feed ban have
been documented. The 2004 enhanced BSE surveillance program was so flawed, that
one of the top TSE prion Scientist for the CDC, Dr. Paul Brown stated ; Brown,
who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to
estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States,
said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because
of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested
positive. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
see ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="wlmailhtml:{DF7DDD7C-C70A-41E4-A8B1-D5D27F4F623C}mid://00000566/!x-usc:http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2006/03/15/Analysis-What-that-mad-cow-means/UPI-12841142465253/">http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2006/03/15/Analysis-What-that-mad-cow-means/UPI-12841142465253/</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The BSE surveillance and testing have also been proven to be flawed, and
the GAO and OIG have both raised serious question as to just how flawed it has
been (see GAO and OIG reports). North America has more documented TSE prion
disease, in different documented species (excluding the Zoo BSE animals in the
EU), then any other place on the Globe. This does not include the very
likelihood that TSE prion disease in the domestic feline and canine have been
exposed to high doses of the TSE prion disease vid pet food. To date, it’s still
legal to include deer from cwd zone into pet food or deer food. Specified Risk
Material i.e. SRM bans still being breach, as recently as just last month.
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
nvCJD or what they now call vCJD, another case documented in Texas last
month, with very little information being released to the public on about this
case? with still the same line of thought from federal officials, ‘it can’t
happen here’, so another vCJD blamed on travel of a foreign animal disease from
another country, while ignoring all the BSE TSE Prion risk factors we have here
in the USA and Canada, and the time that this victim and others, do spend in the
USA, and exposed to these risk factors, apparently do not count in any way with
regard to risk factor. a flawed process of risk assessment. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
sporadic CJD, along with new TSE prion disease in humans, of which the
young are dying, of which long duration of illness from onset of symptoms to
death have been documented, only to have a new name added to the pot of prion
disease i.e. sporadic GSS, sporadic FFI, and or VPSPR. I only ponder how a
familial type disease could be sporadic with no genetic link to any family
member? when the USA is the only documented Country in the world to have
documented two different cases of atypical H-type BSE, with one case being
called atypical H-G BSE with the G meaning Genetic, with new science now showing
that indeed atypical H-type BSE is very possible transmitted to cattle via oral
transmission (Prion2014). sporadic CJD and VPSPR have been rising in Canada,
USA, and the UK, with the same old excuse, better surveillance. You can only use
that excuse for so many years, for so many decades, until one must conclude that
CJD TSE prion cases are rising. a 48% incease in CJD in Canada is not just a
blip or a reason of better surveillance, it is a mathematical rise in numbers.
More and more we are seeing more humans exposed in various circumstance in the
Hospital, Medical, Surgical arenas to the TSE Prion disease, and at the same
time in North America, more and more humans are becoming exposed to the TSE
prion disease via consumption of the TSE prion via deer and elk, cattle, sheep
and goats, and for those that are exposed via or consumption, go on to further
expose many others via the iatrogenic modes of transmission of the TSE prion
disease i.e. friendly fire. I pondered this mode of transmission via the victims
of sporadic FFI, sporadic GSS, could this be a iatrogenic event from someone
sub-clinical with sFFI or sGSS ? what if? </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Two decades have passed since Dr. Ironside first confirmed his first ten
nvCJD victims in 1995. Ten years later, 2005, we had Dr. Gambetti and his first
ten i.e. VPSPR in younger victims. now we know that indeed VPSPR is
transmissible. yet all these TSE prion disease and victims in the USA and Canada
are being pawned off as a spontaneous event, yet science has shown, the
spontaneous theory has never been proven in any natural case of TSE prion
disease, and scientist have warned, that they have now linked some sporadic CJD
cases to atypical BSE, to atypical Scrapie, and to CWD, yet we don’t here about
this in the public domain. We must make all human and animal TSE prion disease
reportable in every age group, in ever state and internationally, we must have a
serious re-evaluation and testing of the USA cattle herds, and we must ban
interstate movement of all cervids. Any voluntary effort to do any of this will
fail. Folks, we have let the industry run science far too long with regards to
the TSE prion disease. While the industry and their lobbyist continues to funnel
junk science to our decision policy makers, Rome burns. ...end </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
REFERENCES</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, June 29, 2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease North America
2014 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="wlmailhtml:{DF7DDD7C-C70A-41E4-A8B1-D5D27F4F623C}mid://00000566/!x-usc:http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2014/06/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2014/06/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="display: inline;">
Self-Propagative
Replication of Ab Oligomers Suggests Potential Transmissibility in Alzheimer
Disease</div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
</div>
<div>
Received July 24, 2014; Accepted September 16, 2014; Published November 3,
2014<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111492&representation=PDF">http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111492&representation=PDF</a><br />
<a article="" fetchobject.action="" href="wlmailhtml:{DF7DDD7C-C70A-41E4-A8B1-D5D27F4F623C}mid://00000566/!x-usc:http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111492&representation=PDF" uri="info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111492&representation=PDF""" www.plosone.org=""><br /></a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Singeltary comment ;<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=82860">http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=82860</a></div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. on the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Public Health
Crisis *video*</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf3lfz9NrT4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf3lfz9NrT4</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Jeff Schwan, sporadic cjd, clustering, and BSE aka mad cow type disease, is
there a link ? *video*</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
1997-11-10: Panorama - The british disease *video* </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-009/video-009.html">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-009/video-009.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, September 6, 2009 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
MAD COW USA 1997 *video* </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2009/09/mad-cow-usa-1997-video.html">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2009/09/mad-cow-usa-1997-video.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
flounder9@verizon.net </div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-84385752541893630152013-10-13T16:28:00.003-05:002013-10-13T16:30:31.742-05:00Prion Disease Cases in Texas by Year, 2003-2012<div id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_pnlContent">
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<strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Prion Disease Cases in Texas
by Year, 2003-2012</span></strong></div>
<div align="left">
<strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></strong> </div>
<div align="left">
<img alt="Prion Disease Case Counts 2012" src="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/assets/0/76/111/848/921/950/3202/9e4495ed-f0e5-4439-942b-78de31f526b8.gif" title="Prion Disease Case Counts 2012" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></div>
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<img alt="CJD_Graph_2012" src="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/assets/0/76/111/848/921/950/3202/a195824f-2d33-4689-8d82-5769f30cd101.gif" title="CJD_Graph_2012" /></div>
<div align="left">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></div>
<img alt="CJD Age 2012" src="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/assets/0/76/111/848/921/950/3202/fdb19ad0-2441-445d-b87f-2597a5aaf561.gif" title="CJD Age 2012" /><br />
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<div>
<a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/</a> </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
SEE MAP ;<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/assets/0/76/111/848/921/950/3202/ab8b0ffe-5269-496b-914c-7d0dc1be9ad7.jpg">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/assets/0/76/111/848/921/950/3202/ab8b0ffe-5269-496b-914c-7d0dc1be9ad7.jpg</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
Case report Sporadic fatal insomnia in a young woman: A diagnostic
challenge: Case Report<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Karen M Moody , Lawrence B Schonberger , Ryan A Maddox , Wen-Quan Zou ,
Laura Cracco and Ignazio Cali</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
BMC Neurology 2011, 11:136doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-136</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Published:</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
31 October 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Abstract (provisional)</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Background</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sporadic fatal insomnia (sFI) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) are rare
human prion diseases.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Case presentation</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
We report a case of a 33-year-old female who died of a prion disease for
whom the diagnosis of sFI or FFI was not considered clinically. Following death
of this patient, an interview with a close family member indicated the patient's
illness included a major change in her sleep pattern, corroborating the reported
autopsy diagnosis of sFI. Genetic tests identified no prion protein (PrP) gene
mutation, but neuropathological examination and molecular study showed
protease-resistant PrP (PrPres) in several brain regions and severe atrophy of
the anterior-ventral and medial-dorsal thalamic nuclei similar to that described
in FFI.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Conclusions</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
In patients with suspected prion disease, a characteristic change in sleep
pattern can be an important clinical clue for identifying sFI or FFI;
polysomnography (PSG), genetic analysis, and nuclear imaging may aid in
diagnosis.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip...</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Case presentation</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Clinical findings In February 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center
(NPDPSC) notified the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) of a
32-year-old woman with an 18-month history of progressive neurological symptoms
suggestive of CJD. (Table 1) Based on the medical record and her neurologist,
her illness began in August 2005 with attention deficits and progressive memory
loss. In June 2006, she demonstrated anisocoria and bizarre behavior, including
talking incoherently to herself, and she was then referred to psychiatry. On a
mini-mental state examination, she scored abnormally low in the measure of
attention and calculation and she had reduced ability to repeat the names of
three unrelated objects [14]. Later in 2006 she was described as being in
constant motion, having unfocused hand gestures, and continued difficulty with
ambulation. She was reported as alert, but confused, sad, and having difficulty
with her thought process. Physicians caring for the case patient discussed the
possibility of several diagnoses such as viral encephalopathy, paranoid
schizophrenia, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, yet the overall etiology
remained unclear. By February 2007, the patient was unable to ambulate and
became bed-bound. She continued to demonstrate bizarre behavior, inability to
follow commands, and unintelligible speech. The patient expired in June 2007, 22
months after the onset of illness.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Over the course of her illness, she had EEGs, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) studies, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests. The EEG study performed in
July 2006 showed generalized slowing with bilateral periodic lateralized
epileptiform discharges. A second EEG performed two to three weeks later was
unsuccessful due to excessive movements of the patient. In April 2006, an MRI
study was negative for intracranial abnormalities. Another MRI study was
completed in February 2007 and it showed supratentorial parenchymal atrophy with
no other acute intracranial findings. CSF studies performed in March 2007 were
normal, including the amount of the 14-3-3 protein determined.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Because of the age of the patient and the potential for variant or
iatrogenic CJD, in July 2007 an investigator from the DSHS (KMM) interviewed a
family member to obtain additional information about the patient’s travel
history, past medical history, and the symptoms of the present illness. The
patient had a history of travel outside the continental United States to Puerto
Rico during 1995-96 where she had lived approximately one year. Her surgical
history included two back surgeries for internal disc disruption and
degenerative disc disease. An anterior lumbar discectomy with interbody fusion
at L4-5 was performed in November 2000 utilizing cadaver donated bone and in
August 2001 another fusion was performed at L5-S1 utilizing autologous bone. The
donor of cadaver bone was pre-screened minimizing the possibility of iatrogenic
transmission. There was no familial history of progressive neurological disease
or dementia-like illness. The family member also confirmed the clinical history
including the onset in August 2005 of progressive memory loss and, in February
2006, bizarre behavior that included the patient’s sitting in a chair for hours
making noises that progressively got louder.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Following preliminary autopsy results, the NPDPSC requested the DSHS
re-interview the family to ask specifically about the patient’s pattern of
sleep. When questioned about insomnia, the family member recalled that the
patient had experienced disturbed sleep at the time of her disease onset. The
family member also reported that the patient’s sleep pattern progressively
deteriorated throughout her illness. Some nights, for example, the patient did
not sleep. On other nights when she did appear to be sleeping, her sleep was
intermittent. During nights that the patient did not sleep, she would roam the
house at all hours, unable to calm down. By August of 2006, four hours was the
maximum amount of sleep the patient would get in one stretch and at times she
would go two to three days without sleep. Medications were prescribed to help
her sleep but they were not beneficial.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Genetic analysis Sequencing of the PrP gene open reading frame revealed
methionine homozygosity at codon 129, with no pathogenic mutation.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip...</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
see full text ;</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2377-11-136.pdf">http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2377-11-136.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
===================</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Clinical findings In February 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center
(NPDPSC) notified the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) of a
32-year-old woman with an 18-month history of progressive neurological symptoms
suggestive of CJD. (Table 1) Based on the medical record and her neurologist,
her illness began in August 2005 with attention deficits and progressive memory
loss. In June 2006, she demonstrated anisocoria and bizarre behavior, including
talking incoherently to herself, and she was then referred to psychiatry.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
===================== </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
AND THAT MY FRIENDS, IS HOW YOU EXPLAIN SOMETHING AWAY INTO NOTHING. IT'S
THE USDA ET AL MAD COW WAY $$$ </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
how many times have we seen this happen? time and time again. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
sporadic FFI or nvCJD Texas style ???</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html" title="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, July 11, 2010</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD or prion disease 2 CASES McLennan County Texas population 230,213 both
cases in their 40s </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
2 mysterious cases of disease in McLennan County a rarity, but no cause for
alarm</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
By Cindy V. Culp Tribune-Herald staff writer</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Friday July 9, 2010</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Two likely cases of a mysterious, fatal brain disorder have been reported
in McLennan County — a statistical anomaly considering that only one in 1
million people worldwide is affected by the condition in any given year.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Adding to the peculiarity is that the noncontagious disorder belongs to the
same family as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
One of its forms is believed to be triggered by people eating meat from
cattle infected with mad cow disease.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
As frightening as that might sound, officials said residents shouldn’t be
alarmed.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
One of the local cases definitely is not the type associated with mad cow
disease, and there is no evidence the other one is, either. More importantly,
the disorder cannot be transmitted from person to person, officials said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
“To have potentially two cases this close together is statistically
unusual,” said Dr. Farley Verner, an infectious disease specialist who advises
the Waco-McLennan County Public Health District. “But because of the type of
disorder it is, and because of what we know about how it develops, it’s not a
worrisome coincidence. It’s just a coincidence.”</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Because of privacy laws, health officials can release only limited details
about the local cases. Both were reported in May.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The first case involved a 49-year-old man from McGregor, Hammad Akram, the
health district’s epidemiologist, said. The man has since died.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Initial results from an autopsy show he had some type of human prion
disease, a family of diseases involving an abnormal protein.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, or CJD, is the most common type of human prion
disease. The autopsy ruled out CJD, however, Akram said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The second case involves a Waco woman in her late 40s, Akram said. Her
symptoms point to CJD, but since the only way to confirm the disease is to study
brain tissue after death, that diagnosis is not confirmed, he said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
No apparent link</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
There is no apparent link between the two local victims, Akram said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Prion disease usually occurs in people older than age 60.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Doctors give patients a “working diagnosis” of human prion disease based on
certain symptoms, combined with results from a blood test, Farley said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The symptoms are similar to those of other neurological conditions:
confusion, difficulty remembering recent events, loss of feeling in certain body
parts, balance problems, difficulty walking and muscle jerks and spasms.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
If a physician rules out other causes for such symptoms, a blood test can
be done that indicates whether the person has a genetic mutation associated with
human prion disease. The test cannot confirm it, but positive results make the
diagnosis more likely, Verner said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The name of the disease category comes from a protein called a prion.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
People have normal prions, which are concentrated in the brain. But in some
instances, there is abnormal prion protein, which causes normal prions to be
converted to abnormal form.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
That destroys brain tissue and is eventually fatal. The process can take
years, but most people die within three months to a year of having
symptoms.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
There are three main categories of human prion disease — sporadic, familial
and acquired.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sporadic cases start spontaneously, without a clearly identifiable cause.
They account for about 85 percent of all human prion disease, according to the
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Familial cases are inherited and are caused by a defect in the prion
protein gene, the center said.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Acquired cases are transmitted by infection, which can occur if a person
receives a transplant infected with prion disease or undergoes surgery where
contaminated instruments are used, according to the center.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Another avenue of infection is when someone eats contaminated beef, the
center said. That’s where the connection to mad cow disease comes in.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Only three cases linked to contaminated beef have been found in the United
States, according to health officials. In all three cases, the victims are
thought to have been infected while living overseas.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
In Texas, about 120 people died from human prion disease between 2000-08,
according to state data.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Last year, there were 19 probable or confirmed cases of sporadic CJD and
two familial CJD cases statewide.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
McLennan County has not had any human prion disease cases in the past
decade, according to state records. Verner said he can only recall two or three
cases in the 25 years he has been here.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
cculp@wacotrib.com</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
757-5744 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.wacotrib.com/news/98085839.html">http://www.wacotrib.com/news/98085839.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
> "It’s just a coincidence.”</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.wacotrib.com/news/98085839.html">http://www.wacotrib.com/news/98085839.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
r i g h t. $$$</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
cjd = one-in-a-million ???</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
McLennan County, Texas population 2008 230,213</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN
AND SPINAL CORD MATTER </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where
she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for
packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would
euthanize the cattle. <<< </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where
she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for
packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would
euthanize the cattle. <<< </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN
AND SPINAL CORD MATTER</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
PPS POLITICAL PRION SCIENCE $$$</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, July 11, 2010 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD or prion disease 2 CASES McLennan County Texas population 230,213 both
cases in their 40s</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/cjd-2-cases-mclennan-county-texas.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
see the continuing rise of sporadic CJD in Texas here ;</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, September 26, 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Variably Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy, Prionpathy, Prionopathy, FFI, GSS,
gCJD, hvCJD, sCJD, TSE, PRION, update 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/2011/09/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html">http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/2011/09/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, June 27, 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Comparison of Sheep Nor98 with Human Variably Protease-Sensitive
Prionopathy and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/2011/06/comparison-of-sheep-nor98-with-human.html">http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/2011/06/comparison-of-sheep-nor98-with-human.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, July 10, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, July 10, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
A Novel Human Disease with Abnormal Prion Protein Sensitive to Protease
update July 10, 2008 Friday, June 20, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, August 10, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, August 24, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sporadic Fatal Insomnia with Unusual Biochemical and Neuropathological
Findings</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://sporadicffi.blogspot.com/2008/08/sporadic-fatal-insomnia-with-unusual.html">http://sporadicffi.blogspot.com/2008/08/sporadic-fatal-insomnia-with-unusual.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Here we go folks. AS predicted. THIS JUST OUT ! as i predicted, more BSe.
...</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, August 03, 2010</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy: A new sporadic disease of the
prion protein</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/08/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/08/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, August 9, 2010</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy: A new sporadic disease of the
prion protein or just more PRIONBALONEY ?</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip...see full text ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/05/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/05/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/2011/05/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html">http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/2011/05/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
O.K. let's compare some recent cases of this prionpathy in other countries
besides Gambetti's first 10 recently, that he claims is a spontaneous event,
from a genetic disorder, that is not genetic, but sporadic, that is related to
no animal TSE in North America, or the world. ... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/08/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/08/variably-protease-sensitive-prionopathy.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/">http://prionopathy.blogspot.com/</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/">http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://sporadicffi.blogspot.com/">http://sporadicffi.blogspot.com/</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
> but the possibility that a small proportion of human cases so far
classified as "sporadic" CJD are of zoonotic origin could not be excluded.
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
> Also, a link is suspected between atypical BSE and some apparently
sporadic cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. These atypical BSE cases
constitute an unforeseen first threat that could sharply modify the European
approach to prion diseases. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>Recently, however, so-called atypical forms of prion diseases have been
discovered in sheep (atypical/Nor98 scrapie) and in cattle, BSE-H and BSE-L.
These maladies resemble sporadic or genetic human prion diseases and might be
their animal equivalents. > This hypothesis also raises the significant
public health question of possible epidemiological links between these diseases
and their counterparts in humans. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>2.66 Dr Fahey also told the committee that in the last two years a link
has been established between forms of atypical CJD and atypical BSE. Dr Fahey
said that: They now believe that those atypical BSEs overseas are in fact
causing sporadic Creutzfeldt->Jakob disease. They were not sure if it was due
to mad sheep disease or a different form. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep
showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
>Intriguingly, these conclusions suggest that some pathological features of
Nor98 are reminiscent of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent,
unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have
important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>These findings raise some interrogation on the concept of TSE strain
and on the origin of the diversity of the TSE agents and could have consequences
on field TSE control measures. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>In summary, we have transmitted one atypical form of BSE (BASE) to a
cynomolgus macaque monkey that had a shorter incubation period than monkeys
infected with classical BSE, with distinctive clinical, neuropathological, and
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
>biochemical features; and have shown that the molecular biological
signature resembled that seen in a comparatively uncommon subtype of sporadic
CJD. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, October 10, 2011 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
EFSA Journal 2011 The European Response to BSE: A Success Story </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
EFSA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
recently delivered a scientific opinion on any possible epidemiological or
molecular association between TSEs in animals and humans (EFSA Panel on
Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) and ECDC, 2011). This opinion confirmed Classical
BSE prions as the only TSE agents demonstrated to be zoonotic so far ***but the
possibility that a small proportion of human cases so far classified as
"sporadic" CJD are of zoonotic origin could not be excluded. Moreover,
transmission experiments to non-human primates suggest that some TSE agents in
addition to Classical BSE prions in cattle (namely L-type Atypical BSE,
Classical BSE in sheep, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) and chronic
wasting disease (CWD) agents) might have zoonotic potential. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/e991.htm?emt=1">http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/e991.htm?emt=1</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/e991.pdf">http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/e991.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, August 12, 2010 Seven main threats for the future linked to
prions First threat The TSE road map defining the evolution of European policy
for protection against prion diseases is based on a certain numbers of
hypotheses some of which may turn out to be erroneous. In particular, a form of
BSE (called atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy), recently identified by
systematic testing in aged cattle without clinical signs, may be the origin of
classical BSE and thus potentially constitute a reservoir, which may be
impossible to eradicate if a sporadic origin is confirmed. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***Also, a link is suspected between atypical BSE and some apparently
sporadic cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. These atypical BSE cases
constitute an unforeseen first threat that could sharply modify the European
approach to prion diseases.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Second threat</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.neuroprion.org/en/np-neuroprion.html">http://www.neuroprion.org/en/np-neuroprion.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, May 23, 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Atypical Prion Diseases in Humans and Animals 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Top Curr Chem (2011)</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_161</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Michael A. Tranulis, Sylvie L. Benestad, Thierry Baron, and Hans
Kretzschmar</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Abstract</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Although prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans
and scrapie in sheep, have long been recognized, our understanding of their
epidemiology and pathogenesis is still in its early stages. Progress is hampered
by the lengthy incubation periods and the lack of effective ways of monitoring
and characterizing these agents. Protease-resistant conformers of the prion
protein (PrP), known as the "scrapie form" (PrPSc), are used as disease markers,
and for taxonomic purposes, in correlation with clinical, pathological, and
genetic data. In humans, prion diseases can arise sporadically (sCJD) or
genetically (gCJD and others), caused by mutations in the PrP-gene (PRNP), or as
a foodborne infection, with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
causing variant CJD (vCJD). Person-to-person spread of human prion disease has
only been known to occur following cannibalism (kuru disease in Papua New
Guinea) or through medical or surgical treatment (iatrogenic CJD, iCJD). In
contrast, scrapie in small ruminants and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in
cervids behave as infectious diseases within these species. Recently, however,
so-called atypical forms of prion diseases have been discovered in sheep
(atypical/Nor98 scrapie) and in cattle, BSE-H and BSE-L. These maladies resemble
sporadic or genetic human prion diseases and might be their animal equivalents.
This hypothesis also raises the significant public health question of possible
epidemiological links between these diseases and their counterparts in
humans.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
M.A. Tranulis (*)</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
e-mail: Michael.Tranulis@nvh.no</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
S.L. Benestad</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
T. Baron</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Agence Nationale de Se´curite´ Sanitaire, ANSES, Lyon, France</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
H. Kretzschmar</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Keywords Animal Atypical Atypical/Nor98 scrapie BSE-H BSE-L Human Prion
disease Prion strain Prion type</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=f433r34h34ugg617&size=largest">http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=f433r34h34ugg617&size=largest</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The possible impacts and consequences for public health, trade and
agriculture of the Government's decision to relax import restrictions on beef
Final report June 2010</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
2.66 Dr Fahey also told the committee that in the last two years a link has
been established between forms of atypical CJD and atypical BSE. Dr Fahey said
that: They now believe that those atypical BSEs overseas are in fact causing
sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. They were not sure if it was due to mad
sheep disease or a different form. If you look in the textbooks it looks like
this is just arising by itself. But in my research I have a summary of a
document which states that there has never been any proof that sporadic
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has arisen de novo-has arisen of itself. There is no
proof of that. The recent research is that in fact it is due to atypical forms
of mad cow disease which have been found across Europe, have been found in
America and have been found in Asia. These atypical forms of mad cow disease
typically have even longer incubation periods than the classical mad cow
disease.50</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/rrat_ctte/mad_cows/report/report.pdf">http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/rrat_ctte/mad_cows/report/report.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Atypical BSE (BASE) Transmitted from Asymptomatic Aging Cattle to a Primate
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Emmanuel E. Comoy1*, Cristina Casalone2, Nathalie Lescoutra-Etchegaray1,
Gianluigi Zanusso3, Sophie Freire1, Dominique Marcé1, Frédéric Auvré1,
Marie-Magdeleine Ruchoux1, Sergio Ferrari3, Salvatore Monaco3, Nicole Salès4,
Maria Caramelli2, Philippe Leboulch1,5, Paul Brown1, Corinne I. Lasmézas4,
Jean-Philippe Deslys1</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
1 Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, CEA,
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del
Piemonte, Turin, Italy, 3 Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy, 4 Scripps
Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America, 5 Genetics Division,
Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Abstract Top Background </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) results from foodborne
transmission of prions from slaughtered cattle with classical Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopathy (cBSE). Atypical forms of BSE, which remain mostly asymptomatic
in aging cattle, were recently identified at slaughterhouses throughout Europe
and North America, raising a question about human susceptibility to these new
prion strains. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Methodology/Principal Findings </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Brain homogenates from cattle with classical BSE and atypical (BASE)
infections were inoculated intracerebrally into cynomolgus monkeys (Macacca
fascicularis), a non-human primate model previously demonstrated to be
susceptible to the original strain of cBSE. The resulting diseases were compared
in terms of clinical signs, histology and biochemistry of the abnormal prion
protein (PrPres). The single monkey infected with BASE had a shorter survival,
and a different clinical evolution, histopathology, and prion protein (PrPres)
pattern than was observed for either classical BSE or vCJD-inoculated animals.
Also, the biochemical signature of PrPres in the BASE-inoculated animal was
found to have a higher proteinase K sensitivity of the octa-repeat region. We
found the same biochemical signature in three of four human patients with
sporadic CJD and an MM type 2 PrP genotype who lived in the same country as the
infected bovine. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Conclusion/Significance </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Our results point to a possibly higher degree of pathogenicity of BASE
than classical BSE in primates and also raise a question about a possible link
to one uncommon subset of cases of apparently sporadic CJD. Thus, despite the
waning epidemic of classical BSE, the occurrence of atypical strains should
temper the urge to relax measures currently in place to protect public health
from accidental contamination by BSE-contaminated products. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Citation: Comoy EE, Casalone C, Lescoutra-Etchegaray N, Zanusso G, Freire
S, et al. (2008) Atypical BSE (BASE) Transmitted from Asymptomatic Aging Cattle
to a Primate. PLoS ONE 3(8): e3017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003017</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Editor: Neil Mabbott, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Received: April 24, 2008; Accepted: August 1, 2008; Published: August 20,
2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Copyright: © 2008 Comoy et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Funding: This work has been supported by the Network of Excellence
NeuroPrion.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Competing interests: CEA owns a patent covering the BSE diagnostic tests
commercialized by the company Bio-Rad.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
* E-mail: emmanuel.comoy@cea.fr </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
In summary, we have transmitted one atypical form of BSE (BASE) to a
cynomolgus macaque monkey that had a shorter incubation period than monkeys
infected with classical BSE, with distinctive clinical, neuropathological, and
biochemical features; and have shown that the molecular biological signature
resembled that seen in a comparatively uncommon subtype of sporadic CJD. We
cannot yet say whether BASE is more pathogenic for primates (including humans)
than cBSE, nor can we predict whether its molecular biological features
represent a clue to one cause of apparently sporadic human CJD. However, the
evidence presented here and by others justifies concern about a potential human
health hazard from undetected atypical forms of BSE, and despite the waning
epizoonosis of classical BSE, it would be premature to abandon the precautionary
measures that have been so successful in reversing the impact of cBSE. We would
instead urge a gradual, staged reduction that takes into account the evolving
knowledge about atypical ruminant diseases, and both a permanent ban on the use
of bovine central nervous system tissue for either animal or human use, and its
destruction so as to eliminate any risk of environmental contamination. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003017">http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003017</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
atypical L-type BASE BSE California</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
SUMMARY REPORT CALIFORNIA BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY CASE
INVESTIGATION JULY 2012</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Summary Report BSE 2012</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Executive Summary </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/summary-report-california-bovine.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/summary-report-california-bovine.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Saturday, August 4, 2012 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Final Feed Investigation Summary - California BSE Case - July 2012 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/final-feed-investigation-summary.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/final-feed-investigation-summary.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Saturday, August 4, 2012 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Update from APHIS Regarding Release of the Final Report on the BSE
Epidemiological Investigation </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/update-from-aphis-regarding-release-of.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/08/update-from-aphis-regarding-release-of.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
USDA INC. BSE surveillance</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<div>
this also was a complete failure as well, to a point that the GAO caught
the USDA et al in their BSE testing surveillance program, red handed testing
cattle they knew were healthy, free of BSE. yes, up to 100 farms testing for mad
cow disease, but the animals in question, were all healthy animal brains, and
they knew it. but that was not the only failures in the BSE testing program,
that was just part of it. the USDA covered up two mad cows in Texas, one finally
confirmed after an act of Congress by the OIG made the USDA retest that cow,
some 7 months later, and finally confirm, what they already knew with a SECRET
test that had tested positive 7 months previously, and finally were forced to
confirm this second mad cow in Texas. it got so bad around 2005, that the top
prion scientist at the NIH Paul Brown, said "Everything they did on the Texas
cow makes everything they did before 2005 suspect," Brown said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2006/03/15/Analysis-What-that-mad-cow-means/UPI-12841142465253/">http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2006/03/15/Analysis-What-that-mad-cow-means/UPI-12841142465253/</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/creekstone-vs-usda-court-of-appeals.html">http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/creekstone-vs-usda-court-of-appeals.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
THE OTHER TEXAS MAD COW THEY DID SUCCEED IN COVERING UP ; </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Statement May 4, 2004 Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242
Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Statement on Texas Cow With Central Nervous System Symptoms </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
On Friday, April 30 th , the Food and Drug Administration learned that a
cow with central nervous system symptoms had been killed and shipped to a
processor for rendering into animal protein for use in animal feed.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began
an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators
inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal
came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the
slaughterhouse.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been
rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the
weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is
being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest
because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad
cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to
test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit
the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows,
goats, sheep, bison).</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FDA is sending a letter to the firm summarizing its findings and informing
the firm that FDA will not object to use of this material in swine feed only. If
it is not used in swine feed, this material will be destroyed. Pigs have been
shown not to be susceptible to BSE. If the firm agrees to use the material for
swine feed only, FDA will track the material all the way through the supply
chain from the processor to the farm to ensure that the feed is properly
monitored and used only as feed for pigs.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
To protect the U.S. against BSE, FDA works to keep certain mammalian
protein out of animal feed for cattle and other ruminant animals. FDA
established its animal feed rule in 1997 after the BSE epidemic in the U.K.
showed that the disease spreads by feeding infected ruminant protein to
cattle.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Under the current regulation, the material from this Texas cow is not
allowed in feed for cattle or other ruminant animals. FDA's action specifying
that the material go only into swine feed means also that it will not be fed to
poultry.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
FDA is committed to protecting the U.S. from BSE and collaborates closely
with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on all BSE issues. The animal feed rule
provides crucial protection against the spread of BSE, but it is only one of
several such firewalls. FDA will soon be improving the animal feed rule, to make
this strong system even stronger.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
#### </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01061.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01061.html</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, September 25, 2011 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Clinical Heidenhain Variant Of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
With Co-occurrence Of Prion Protein Types 1 and 2 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/09/clinical-heidenhain-variant-of-sporadic.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/09/clinical-heidenhain-variant-of-sporadic.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
P03.141</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Aspects of the Cerebellar Neuropathology in Nor98</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Gavier-Widén, D1; Benestad, SL2; Ottander, L1; Westergren, E1 1National
Veterinary Insitute, Sweden; 2National Veterinary Institute,</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Norway Nor98 is a prion disease of old sheep and goats. This atypical form
of scrapie was first described in Norway in 1998. Several features of Nor98 were
shown to be different from classical scrapie including the distribution of
disease associated prion protein (PrPd) accumulation in the brain. The
cerebellum is generally the most affected brain area in Nor98. The study here
presented aimed at adding information on the neuropathology in the cerebellum of
Nor98 naturally affected sheep of various genotypes in Sweden and Norway. A
panel of histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings such as IHC for
PrPd, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid, and cell markers
for phagocytic cells were conducted. The type of histological lesions and tissue
reactions were evaluated. The types of PrPd deposition were characterized. The
cerebellar cortex was regularly affected, even though there was a variation in
the severity of the lesions from case to case. Neuropil vacuolation was more
marked in the molecular layer, but affected also the granular cell layer. There
was a loss of granule cells. Punctate deposition of PrPd was characteristic. It
was morphologically and in distribution identical with that of synaptophysin,
suggesting that PrPd accumulates in the synaptic structures. PrPd was also
observed in the granule cell layer and in the white matter. The pathology
features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep showed similarities
with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep
showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in
humans.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
PR-26</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
NOR98 SHOWS MOLECULAR FEATURES REMINISCENT OF GSS</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
R. Nonno1, E. Esposito1, G. Vaccari1, E. Bandino2, M. Conte1, B.
Chiappini1, S. Marcon1, M. Di Bari1, S.L. Benestad3, U. Agrimi1 1 Istituto
Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health,
Rome, Italy ( romolo.nonno@iss.it); 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sardegna,
Sassari, Italy; 3 National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology, Oslo,
Norway</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Molecular variants of PrPSc are being increasingly investigated in sheep
scrapie and are generally referred to as "atypical" scrapie, as opposed to
"classical scrapie". Among the atypical group, Nor98 seems to be the best
identified. We studied the molecular properties of Italian and Norwegian Nor98
samples by WB analysis of brain homogenates, either untreated, digested with
different concentrations of proteinase K, or subjected to enzymatic
deglycosylation. The identity of PrP fragments was inferred by means of
antibodies spanning the full PrP sequence. We found that undigested brain
homogenates contain a Nor98-specific PrP fragment migrating at 11 kDa (PrP11),
truncated at both the C-terminus and the N-terminus, and not N-glycosylated.
After mild PK digestion, Nor98 displayed full-length PrP (FL-PrP) and
N-glycosylated C-terminal fragments (CTF), along with increased levels of PrP11.
Proteinase K digestion curves (0,006-6,4 mg/ml) showed that FL-PrP and CTF are
mainly digested above 0,01 mg/ml, while PrP11 is not entirely digested even at
the highest concentrations, similarly to PrP27-30 associated with classical
scrapie. Above 0,2 mg/ml PK, most Nor98 samples showed only PrP11 and a fragment
of 17 kDa with the same properties of PrP11, that was tentatively identified as
a dimer of PrP11. Detergent solubility studies showed that PrP11 is insoluble in
2% sodium laurylsorcosine and is mainly produced from detergentsoluble,
full-length PrPSc. Furthermore, among Italian scrapie isolates, we found that a
sample with molecular and pathological properties consistent with Nor98 showed
plaque-like deposits of PrPSc in the thalamus when the brain was analysed by
PrPSc immunohistochemistry. Taken together, our results show that the
distinctive pathological feature of Nor98 is a PrP fragment spanning amino acids
~ 90-155. This fragment is produced by successive N-terminal and C-terminal
cleavages from a full-length and largely detergent-soluble PrPSc, is produced in
vivo and is extremely resistant to PK digestion.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*** Intriguingly, these conclusions suggest that some pathological features
of Nor98 are reminiscent of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
119</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf">http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with
resistant PrP genotypes </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Annick Le Dur*,?, Vincent Béringue*,?, Olivier Andréoletti?, Fabienne
Reine*, Thanh Lan Laï*, Thierry Baron§, Bjørn Bratberg¶, Jean-Luc Vilotte?,
Pierre Sarradin**, Sylvie L. Benestad¶, and Hubert Laude*,? +Author
Affiliations</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires and ?Génétique Biochimique et
Cytogénétique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350
Jouy-en-Josas, France; ?Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la
Recherche Agronomique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions Hôte
Agent Pathogène, 31066 Toulouse, France; §Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire
des Aliments, Unité Agents Transmissibles Non Conventionnels, 69364 Lyon,
France; **Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Institut National de la
Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France; and ¶Department of Pathology,
National Veterinary Institute, 0033 Oslo, Norway</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
***Edited by Stanley B. Prusiner, University of California, San Francisco,
CA (received for review March 21, 2005)</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Abstract Scrapie in small ruminants belongs to transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, a family of fatal neurodegenerative
disorders that affect humans and animals and can transmit within and between
species by ingestion or inoculation. Conversion of the host-encoded prion
protein (PrP), normal cellular PrP (PrPc), into a misfolded form, abnormal PrP
(PrPSc), plays a key role in TSE transmission and pathogenesis. The intensified
surveillance of scrapie in the European Union, together with the improvement of
PrPSc detection techniques, has led to the discovery of a growing number of
so-called atypical scrapie cases. These include clinical Nor98 cases first
identified in Norwegian sheep on the basis of unusual pathological and PrPSc
molecular features and "cases" that produced discordant responses in the rapid
tests currently applied to the large-scale random screening of slaughtered or
fallen animals. Worryingly, a substantial proportion of such cases involved
sheep with PrP genotypes known until now to confer natural resistance to
conventional scrapie. Here we report that both Nor98 and discordant cases,
including three sheep homozygous for the resistant PrPARR allele (A136R154R171),
efficiently transmitted the disease to transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP, and
that they shared unique biological and biochemical features upon propagation in
mice. *** These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent,
unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have
important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/16031.abstract">http://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/16031.abstract</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, December 1, 2008</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
When Atypical Scrapie cross species barriers</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Authors</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Andreoletti O., Herva M. H., Cassard H., Espinosa J. C., Lacroux C., Simon
S., Padilla D., Benestad S. L., Lantier F., Schelcher F., Grassi J., Torres, J.
M., UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse.France;
ICISA-INlA, Madrid, Spain; CEA, IBiTec-5, DSV, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex,
France; National Veterinary Institute, Postboks 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway,
INRA IASP, Centre INRA de Tours, 3738O Nouzilly, France.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Content</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Atypical scrapie is a TSE occurring in small ruminants and harbouring
peculiar clinical, epidemiological and biochemical properties. Currently this
form of disease is identified in a large number of countries. In this study we
report the transmission of an atypical scrapie isolate through different species
barriers as modeled by transgenic mice (Tg) expressing different species PRP
sequence.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The donor isolate was collected in 1995 in a French commercial sheep flock.
inoculation into AHQ/AHQ sheep induced a disease which had all
neuro-pathological and biochemical characteristics of atypical scrapie.
Transmitted into Transgenic mice expressing either ovine or PrPc, the isolate
retained all the described characteristics of atypical scrapie.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Surprisingly the TSE agent characteristics were dramatically different
v/hen passaged into Tg bovine mice. The recovered TSE agent had biological and
biochemical characteristics similar to those of atypical BSE L in the same mouse
model. Moreover, whereas no other TSE agent than BSE were shown to transmit into
Tg porcine mice, atypical scrapie was able to develop into this model, albeit
with low attack rate on first passage.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Furthermore, after adaptation in the porcine mouse model this prion showed
similar biological and biochemical characteristics than BSE adapted to this
porcine mouse model. Altogether these data indicate.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
(i) the unsuspected potential abilities of atypical scrapie to cross
species barriers</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
(ii) the possible capacity of this agent to acquire new characteristics
when crossing species barrier</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
These findings raise some interrogation on the concept of TSE strain and on
the origin of the diversity of the TSE agents and could have consequences on
field TSE control measures. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf">http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The epidemiological data are too limited to conclude whether the Atypical
scrapie agent has a zoonotic potential. Transmission experiments to human PrP
transgenic mice or primates suggest that some TSE agents other than the
Classical BSE agent in cattle (namely L-type Atypical BSE, Classical BSE in
sheep, TME, CWD agents) might have zoonotic potential and indicate that that of
the L-type Atypical BSE agent appears similar or even higher than that of the
Classical BSE agent. A single study reported efficient transmission of a natural
sheep Classical scrapie isolate to primates. © European Food Safety Authority,
2011 <a href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/1945.pdf">http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/1945.pdf</a>
1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to
nonhuman primates. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep
and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were
exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known
infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed
to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus
of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the
two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively.
Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed
to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru
has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under
observation. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The successful transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie
by natural feeding to squirrel monkeys that we have reported provides further
grounds for concern that scrapie-infected meat may occasionally give rise in
humans to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
PMID: 6997404 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
12/10/76</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTE ON
SCRAPIE</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Office Note CHAIRMAN: PROFESSOR PETER WILDY</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip...</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
A The Present Position with respect to Scrapie A] The Problem Scrapie is a
natural disease of sheep and goats. It is a slow and inexorably progressive
degenerative disorder of the nervous system and it ia fatal. It is enzootic in
the United Kingdom but not in all countries. The field problem has been reviewed
by a MAFF working group (ARC 35/77). It is difficult to assess the incidence in
Britain for a variety of reasons but the disease causes serious financial loss;
it is estimated that it cost Swaledale breeders alone $l.7 M during the five
years 1971-1975. A further inestimable loss arises from the closure of certain
export markets, in particular those of the United States, to British sheep. It
is clear that scrapie in sheep is important commercially and for that reason
alone effective measures to control it should be devised as quickly as possible.
Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether scrapie is
transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the disease has been
transmitted to primates. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
One particularly lurid speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the
agents of scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible
encephalopathy of mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of
Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit scrapie-blood
line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed for human or animal
food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)" The problem is emphasised by
the finding that some strains of scrapie produce lesions identical to the once
which characterise the human dementias" Whether true or not. the hypothesis that
these agents might be transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the
safety of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action such as
the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the acrapie problem
urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer grievously. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
76/10.12/4.6 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972);
doi:10.1038/236073a0 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK National Institute of Neurological
Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey
(Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time
of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal
developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and
myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial
hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of
grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss
mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral
passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton,
Berkshire). </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972);
doi:10.1038/236073a0 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK National Institute of Neurological
Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey
(Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time
of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal
developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and
myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial
hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of
grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss
mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral
passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton,
Berkshire). </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Wednesday, February 16, 2011</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
IN CONFIDENCE</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
IN CONFIDENCE</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2011/02/in-confidence-scrapie-transmission-to.html">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2011/02/in-confidence-scrapie-transmission-to.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $ </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely
create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for
man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large
enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough.
Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might
be best to retain that hypothesis. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip... </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
R. BRADLEY </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, March 29, 2012</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
atypical Nor-98 Scrapie has spread from coast to coast in the USA 2012
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
NIAA Annual Conference April 11-14, 2011San Antonio, Texas</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2012/03/atypical-nor-98-scrapie-has-spread-from.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2012/03/atypical-nor-98-scrapie-has-spread-from.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
I ask Professor Kong ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, December 04, 2008 3:37 PM Subject: RE: re--Chronic Wating Disease
(CWD) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies (BSE): Public Health Risk
Assessment</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
''IS the h-BSE more virulent than typical BSE as well, or the same as cBSE,
or less virulent than cBSE? just curious.....''</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Professor Kong reply ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
.....snip </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
''As to the H-BSE, we do not have sufficient data to say one way or
another, but we have found that H-BSE can infect humans. I hope we could publish
these data once the study is complete. Thanks for your interest.''</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Best regards, Qingzhong Kong, PhD Associate Professor Department of
Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 USA</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
END...TSS </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, December 04, 2008 2:37 PM</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
"we have found that H-BSE can infect humans."</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
personal communication with Professor Kong. ...TSS </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
BSE-H is also transmissible in our humanized Tg mice. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The possibility of more than two atypical BSE strains will be discussed.
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Supported by NINDS NS052319, NIA AG14359, and NIH AI 77774. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.prion2009.com/sites/default/files/Prion2009_Book_of_Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2009.com/sites/default/files/Prion2009_Book_of_Abstracts.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/06/experimental-h-type-bovine-spongiform.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/06/experimental-h-type-bovine-spongiform.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
please see below from PRION2013 ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*** This study imply the possibility that the novel BSE prions with high
virulence in cattle will be emerged during intraspecies transmission. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
AD.56: The emergence of novel BSE prions by serial passages of H-type BSE
in bovinized mice </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Kentaro Masujin, Naoko Tabeta, Ritsuko Miwa, Kohtaro Miyazawa, Hiroyuki
Okada, Shirou Mohri and Takashi Yokoyama </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
National Institute of Animal Health; Tsukuba, Japan </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is an atypical form of BSE,
and has been detected in several European countries, and North America.
Transmission studies of H-type BSE led to the emergence of the classical BSE
(C-BSE) phenotypes during passages in inbred wild type and bovinized
PrP-overexpressing transgenic mice. In this study, we conducted serial passages
of Canadian H-type BSE isolate in bovinized PrP-overexpressing transgenic mice
(TgBoPrP). H-type BSE isolate was transmitted to TgBoPrP with incubation periods
of 320 ± 12.2 d at primary passage. The incubation period of 2nd and 3rd passage
were constant (~= 220 d), no clear differences were observed in their biological
and biochemical properties. However, at the forth passage, 2 different BSE
phenotypes were confirmed; one is shorter survival times (109 ± 4 d) and the
other is longer survival times. TgBoPrP mice with longer incubation period
showed the H-type phenotype of PrPsc profile and pathology. However, those of
shorter incubation period were different phenotypes from previously existed BSE
prions (C-BSE, L-type BSE, and H-type BSE). *** This study imply the possibility
that the novel BSE prions with high virulence in cattle will be emerged during
intraspecies transmission. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.prion2013.ca/tiny_uploads/forms/Scientific-Program.pdf">http://www.prion2013.ca/tiny_uploads/forms/Scientific-Program.pdf</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.landesbioscience.com/">www.landesbioscience.com</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
please see ; </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, August 15, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The emergence of novel BSE prions by serial passages of H-type BSE in
bovinized mice </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-emergence-of-novel-bse-prions-by.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-emergence-of-novel-bse-prions-by.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, September 02, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Atypical BSE: role of the E211K prion polymorphism </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2013/09/atypical-bse-role-of-e211k-prion.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2013/09/atypical-bse-role-of-e211k-prion.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, September 1, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Evaluation of the Zoonotic Potential of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
We previously described the biochemical similarities between PrPres derived
from L-BSE infected macaque and cortical MM2 sporadic CJD: those observations
suggest a link between these two uncommon prion phenotypes in a primate model
(it is to note that such a link has not been observed in other models less
relevant from the human situation as hamsters or transgenic mice overexpressing
ovine PrP [28]). We speculate that a group of related animal prion strains
(L-BSE, c-BSE and TME) would have a zoonotic potential and lead to prion
diseases in humans with a type 2 PrPres molecular signature (and more
specifically type 2B for vCJD)</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
snip...</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Together with previous experiments performed in ovinized and bovinized
transgenic mice and hamsters [8,9] indicating similarities between TME and
L-BSE, the data support the hypothesis that L-BSE could be the origin of the TME
outbreaks in North America and Europe during the mid-1900s. </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/09/evaluation-of-zoonotic-potential-of.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/09/evaluation-of-zoonotic-potential-of.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, September 24, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
NORDION (US), INC., AND BIOAXONE BIOSCIENCES, INC., Settles $90M Mad Cow
TSE prion Contamination Suit Cethrin(R) </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Case 0:12-cv-60739-RNS Document 1 Entered on FLSD Docket 04/26/2012 Page 1
of 15 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/09/nordion-us-inc-and-bioaxone-biosciences.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/09/nordion-us-inc-and-bioaxone-biosciences.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Wednesday, September 25, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations BSE TSE
PRION 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/09/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and.html">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/09/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, July 2, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
APHIS USDA Administrator Message to Stakeholders: Agency Vision and Goals
Eliminating ALL remaining BSE barriers to export market</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/07/aphis-usda-administrator-message-to.html">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2013/07/aphis-usda-administrator-message-to.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, October 03, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
TAHC ADOPTS CWD RULE THAT the amendments remove the requirement for a
specific fence height for captives </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
ANNOUNCEMENT</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
October 3, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/tahc-adopts-cwd-rule-that-amendments.html" title="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/tahc-adopts-cwd-rule-that-amendments.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/tahc-adopts-cwd-rule-that-amendments.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Monday, February 11, 2013</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD Four New Positives Found in Trans
Pecos</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/02/texas-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-four.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, July 10, 2012 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Far West Texas </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/newsmedia/releases/?req=20120710a">http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/newsmedia/releases/?req=20120710a</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/chronic-wasting-disease-detected-in-far.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/07/chronic-wasting-disease-detected-in-far.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, October 10, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD REPORT 1994 increased risk for consumption of veal and venison and lamb
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/cjd-report-1994-increased-risk-for.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/cjd-report-1994-increased-risk-for.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Friday, August 16, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*** Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) biannual update August 2013 U.K. and
Contaminated blood products induce a highly atypical prion disease devoid of
PrPres in primates </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-biannual.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-biannual.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Sunday, August 11, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America updated report
August 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
*** Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America with Canada
seeing an extreme increase of 48% between 2008 and 2010 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-cases.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-cases.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Thursday, September 26, 2013 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Minimise transmission risk of CJD and vCJD in healthcare settings Guidance
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/09/minimise-transmission-risk-of-cjd-and.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/09/minimise-transmission-risk-of-cjd-and.html</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Wednesday, October 09, 2013 </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WHY THE UKBSEnvCJD ONLY THEORY IS SO POPULAR IN IT'S FALLACY, £41,078,281
in compensation REVISED</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/why-ukbsenvcjd-only-theory-is-so.html" title="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/why-ukbsenvcjd-only-theory-is-so.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/why-ukbsenvcjd-only-theory-is-so.html</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In Confidence</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Perceptions of unconventional slow virus diseases of animals in the USA
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
G A H Wells</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
REPORT OF A VISIT TO THE USA APRIL-MAY 1989</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
3. Prof. A Robertson gave a brief account of BSE. The US approach was to
accord it a very low profile indeed. Dr. A Thiermann showed the picture in the
‘’Independent’’ with cattle being incinerated and thought this was a fanatical
incident to be avoided in the US at all costs. BSE was not reported in the
USA...</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060307063531/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20060307063531/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20060307063531/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="color: #29303b;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /><br />i am reminded of a few things deep throat told me
years
ago;<br /><br /><br />=================================================<br /><br /><br /><br />The
most frightening thing I have read all day is the report of Gambetti's finding
of a new strain of sporadic cjd in young people......... Dear God, what in the
name of all that is holy is that!!! If the US has different strains of
scrapie..... why???? than the UK... then would the same mechanisms that make
different strains of scrapie here make different strains of BSE... if the
patterns are different in sheep and mice for scrapie..... could not the BSE be
different in the cattle, in the mink, in the humans....... I really think the
slides or tissues and everything from these young people with the new strain of
sporadic cjd should be put up to be analyzed by many, many experts in
cjd........ bse..... scrapie<br /><br /><br />Scrape the damn slide and put it into
mice..... wait..... chop up the mouse brain and and spinal cord........ put into
some more mice..... dammit amplify the thing and start the damned research.....
This is NOT rocket science... we need to use what we know and get off our butts
and move.... the whining about how long everything takes..... well it takes a
whole lot longer if you whine for a year and then start the
research!!!<br /><br /><br />Not sure where I read this but it was a recent press
release or something like that: I thought I would fall out of my chair when I
read about how there was no worry about infectivity from a histopath slide or
tissues because they are preserved in formic acid, or formalin or
formaldehyde..... for God's sake........ Ask any pathologist in the UK what the
brain tissues in the formalin looks like after a year....... it is a big fat
sponge... the agent continues to eat the brain ...... you can't make slides
anymore because the agent has never stopped........ and the old slides that are
stained with Hemolysin and Eosin...... they get holier and holier and degenerate
and continue... what you looked at 6 months ago is not there........ Gambetti
better be photographing every damned thing he is looking
at.....<br /><br /><br />Okay, you need to know. You don't need to pass it on as
nothing will come of it and there is not a damned thing anyone can do about it.
Don't even hint at it as it will be denied and laughed at.......... USDA is
gonna do as little as possible until there is actually a human case in the USA
of the nvcjd........ if you want to move this thing along and shake the
earth.... then we gotta get the victims families to make sure whoever is doing
the autopsy is credible, trustworthy, and a saint with the courage of Joan of
Arc........ I am not kidding!!!! so, unless we get a human death from EXACTLY
the same form with EXACTLY the same histopath lesions as seen in the UK
nvcjd........ forget any action........ it is ALL gonna be sporadic!!! And, if
there is a case....... there is gonna be every effort to link it to
international travel, international food, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. They will go
so far as to find out if a sex partner had ever traveled to the UK/europe, etc.
etc. .... It is gonna be a long, lonely, dangerous twisted journey to the truth.
They have all the cards, all the money, and are willing to threaten and carry
out those threats.... and this may be their biggest
downfall...<br /><br /><br />Thanks as always for your help. (Recently had a very
startling revelation from a rather senior person in government here..........
knocked me out of my chair........ you must keep pushing. If I was a power
person.... I would be demanding that there be at least a million bovine tested
as soon as possible and agressively seeking this disease. The big players are
coming out of the wood work as there is money to be made!!!<br /><br /><br />In short:
"FIRE AT WILL"!!! for the very dumb.... who's "will"! "Will be the burden to
bare if there is any coverup!"<br /><br /><br />again it was said years ago and it
should be taken seriously.... BSE will NEVER be found in the US!<br /><br /><br />As
for the BSE conference call... I think you did agreat service to freedom of
information and making some people feign integrity... I find it scary to see
that most of the "experts" are employed by the federal government or are
supported on the "teat" of federal funds. A scary picture! I hope there is a
confidential panel organized by the new government to really investigate this
thing.<br /><br /><br />You need to watch your back........ but keep picking at
them....... like a buzzard to the bone... you just may get to the truth!!! (You
probably have more support than you know. Too many people are afraid to show you
or let anyone else know. I have heard a few things myself... you ask the
questions that everyone else is too afraid to
ask.)<br /><br /><br /><br />================================================</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="color: #29303b;">
</span></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="color: #29303b;"><br />then i remind everyone to read this;<br /><br /><br />'As
implied in the Inset 25 we must not assume that transmission of BSE to other
species will invariably present pathology typical of a scrapie-like
disease.'</span><br /></span><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1991/01/04004001.pdf" style="-ms-word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #473624; font-family: Georgia;">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1991/01/04004001.pdf</span></a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Questions linger in U.S. CJD cases </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Oct. 21, 2005 | 9:49 PM </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
WASHINGTON, Oct. 21 (UPI) -- French researchers have ruled out the human
form of mad cow disease in a deceased California man, even though they did not
conduct the critical test widely regarded as the only way to determine precisely
the nature of his disease, United Press International has learned. The case of
Patrick Hicks, who died last November from his condition, has remained murky
from the beginning. Dr. Ron Bailey, of Riverside, Calif., the man's neurologist,
had suspected the 49-year-old Hicks of having contracted variant Creutzfeldt
Jakob disease -- a fatal, brain-wasting illness humans can contract from eating
beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen -- and both he and the
family wanted an autopsy conducted to determine if Hicks had succumbed to the
disorder. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bailey became concerned that Hicks might have contracted vCJD because he
initially had exhibited psychiatric symptoms, his illness appears to have lasted
for more than one year and he showed normal brain-wave patterns via EEGs until
the late stages -- all consistent with the disease. In addition, Hicks's
relatively young age raised concerns, because nearly all of the more than 150
cases of vCJD detected worldwide have occurred in people under age 55. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The first hint of oddness began when, according to both Hicks's brother and
mother, a team of six doctors, who they suspect were with the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, visited Patrick last October while he
was still alive and under care at Loma Linda University Medical Center in Loma
Linda, Calif. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
They said they were asked to leave when the doctors arrived to examine
Patrick. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
CDC officials would not confirm to UPI whether they had investigated the
case, but the agency's policy does require examining all suspected cases of vCJD
in anyone under 55. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The family also said Loma Linda refused to released Hicks's medical records
to them. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The oddities continued after Hicks's death. Bailey found it almost
impossible to get an autopsy conducted on Hicks, the only way to determine
conclusively whether he had variant or sporadic CJD -- a version of the disease
not related to mad cow. One county coroner's office referred him to another and
both refused to conduct the procedure, he said. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Then, the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center in
Cleveland, Ohio -- which was established by the CDC to investigate potential
vCJD cases in the United States -- dispatched a mobile autopsy company called
1-800-Autopsy, but the company failed to follow the center's protocol and did
not collect frozen sections of brain, which are required for tests to determine
whether the disease is vCJD or sCJD. Instead, the autopsy company fixed the
entire brain in formalin. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The NPDPSC, however, considers the collection of frozen brain tissue
essential to distinguishing vCJD from other forms of CJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"Only frozen brain tissue examination definitely confirms or excludes the
diagnosis of prion disease and provides the information to identify the type of
prion disease," the center's Web site says. Prions are abnormal proteins thought
to play a role in causing vCJD and sCJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The problem raised enough concern that both Bailey and Hicks's family
sought a second opinion. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Experts had told them that animal-injection studies could be done with
formalin-fixed tissue, so the family arranged to have a sample of Patrick's
brain sent to Dr. Jean Jacques Hauw at the Laboratoire De Neuropathologie at the
Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere in Paris, who they thought had agreed to do
the studies. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The NPDPSC, however, delayed sending the sample to France for two months
after the family's request last March. During the delay, Pierluigi Gambetti, the
NPDPSC's director, sent a letter to Hicks's wife. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"We can definitely rule out the diagnosis of variant CJD," the letter
stated. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Gambetti's strong conclusion sounded strange to Bailey, because the NPDPSC
had not conducted further tests since January, when they had said vCJD was
unlikely but that they were unable to rule it out entirely. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
After examining the brain tissue, Hauw's team told the family the disease
was consistent with sCJD, but to date they have not explained why they did not
conduct the animal-injection studies -- the family's reason for sending samples
of his brain to France. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Asked the reasons for not following the family's wishes and conducting the
animal studies, Hauw told UPI, "I cannot answer your question," citing French
regulations that prohibited him from providing information about a specific
patient. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
He did say, however, that "animal injection is not needed for the routine
diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and its various variants, at least in
France and in the United Kingdom." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
That may be true, but it remains unclear why he accepted the case in the
first place, knowing that is what the family wanted. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Moreover, this was not a "routine diagnosis." If Hicks suffered from vCJD,
he potentially would have been the first person in the United States to have
acquired the disease domestically, a development with significant domestic and
international ramifications. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In addition, other experts, such as Dr. Laura Manuelidis, section chief of
surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale University, have said the only
way to know conclusively whether the disease is due to sCJD or vCJD is through
animal-injection studies. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"From what I gather, the result was merely rubber stamped," Bailey told
UPI. "I guess we will never really know for sure." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The handling of the case is noteworthy, because the NPDPSC currently is
investigating nine potential sCJD cases in Idaho. Experts suspect some of those
cases could be vCJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Bailey and some patient advocates said they are now skeptical of the
NPDPSC's behavior. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"How could my experience with the Hicks case ... and the interaction with
NPDPSC not lessen my confidence?" Bailey asked. "I anticipate that all of the
Idaho cluster of CJD patients will turn out to have sCJD. I cannot for a minute
see their results indicating anything but this. After all, if any patient were
to have vCJD, it would have been Patrick Hicks. The results of NPDPSC are not
definitive in excluding Hicks as not having vCJD. There certainly will always be
that question in my mind." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***Terry Singletary, a patient advocate whose mother died of a form of the
disease called Heidenhain variant, told UPI he likewise had lost confidence in
the NPDPSC. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
***"I do not trust them," Singletary said. "It's all going to be sporadic.
This is the way they want it. They do not want to find out all the routes and
sources of this agent." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Both vCJD and mad cow disease are politically sensitive issues because they
can impact international trade. Dozens of nations closed their borders to
American beef after a lone U.S. cow tested positive for the disease in 2003,
resulting in more than $4.7 billion in losses for the industry, and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture delayed doing confirmatory tests for seven months on
what turned out to be a second case of mad cow. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The NPDPSC did not respond to UPI's phone call requesting comment about the
Idaho cases. The CDC referred UPI to Idaho officials. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Of the nine Idaho cases, three people have tested positive for a CJD-like
illness, but officials are conducting further tests to determine whether the
disease is sCJD. Two others tested negative and four were buried without
autopsies. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
The cases could just be a statistical fluke, but the state averages about
1.2 sCJD cases per year and has never had more than three in a single year. The
disease is rare and generally is thought to occur at the rate of one case per
million people. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Several CJD clusters in other states have far exceeded that rate, however.
These included: </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
--southern New Jersey (2000-2003), </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
--Lehigh, Pa. (1986-90), </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
--Allentown, Pa. (1989-92), </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
--Tampa, Fla. (1996-97), </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
--Oregon (2001-02), and </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
--Nassau County, N.Y. (1999-2000). </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Some of the clusters involved as many as 18 deaths, and ranged from a rate
of four to eight cases per million people. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
A group of J.P. Morgan analysts issued an advisory last year on the impact
the clusters could have on the beef industry, and said that some of the cases
could be due to vCJD. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
"The existence of clusters raises the question of 'contamination' or
'infection,' and also raises the hypothesis that rather than cases of sCJD,
these might have been cases of vCJD," the advisory said. "Given that sCJD occurs
randomly in one out of 1 million cases, it is a statistical rarity to find an
sCJD cluster -- let alone six." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
If that assessment is accurate, another cluster in Idaho would be even more
unlikely. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Another possibility is some of the Idaho cases could be due to chronic
wasting disease, which is similar to mad cow disease and currently is epidemic
among deer and elk in several states, including Idaho's neighbors Wyoming and
Utah. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
No human cases of CWD have ever been confirmed, but the disease has been
shown to infect human cells in a lab dish. Also, a team of researchers led by
Jason Bartz of Creighton University in Omaha, Neb., report in the November issue
of the Journal of Virology they had experimentally transmitted CWD to squirrel
monkeys --the first reported transmission of CWD to primates. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
If CWD is capable of infecting humans, it is unknown whether the resulting
disease would resemble sCJD, vCJD or a novel disorder. If the disease looks like
sCJD, cases could be going undetected or misdiagnosed. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
-- </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
E-mail: healthbiz@upi.com </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
© 2005 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Any
reproduction, republication, redistribution and/or modification of any UPI
content is expressly prohibited without UPI's prior written consent. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Read more: <a href="http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2005/10/21/Questions-linger-in-US-CJD-cases/UPI-65761129945790/#ixzz2hWyXbgGJ">http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2005/10/21/Questions-linger-in-US-CJD-cases/UPI-65761129945790/#ixzz2hWyXbgGJ</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2005/10/21/Questions-linger-in-US-CJD-cases/UPI-65761129945790/">http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2005/10/21/Questions-linger-in-US-CJD-cases/UPI-65761129945790/</a>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
QUESTIONS STILL LINGER. ...TSS</div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD QUESTIONNAIRE USA </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/2007/11/cjd-questionnaire.html">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/2007/11/cjd-questionnaire.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CJD VOICE </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creativegumbo.net/cjdvoice/" title="http://creativegumbo.net/cjdvoice/">http://creativegumbo.net/cjdvoice/</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
TSS</div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-72472601652509274342012-12-25T16:17:00.001-06:002012-12-25T16:17:31.898-06:00CREUTZFELDT JAKOB TSE PRION DISEASE HUMANS END OF YEAR REVIEW DECEMBER 25, 2012<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Tuesday, December 25, 2012 </div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
CREUTZFELDT JAKOB TSE PRION DISEASE HUMANS END OF YEAR REVIEW DECEMBER 25,
2012</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-tse-prion-disease.html" title="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-tse-prion-disease.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-tse-prion-disease.html</a></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
TSS</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-33112120275778264522012-02-13T12:15:00.000-06:002012-02-13T12:15:35.746-06:00Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Report update USA and TEXASSunday, February 12, 2012<br />
<br />
<br />
National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Cases Examined1 (August 19, 2011) including Texas <br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/02/national-prion-disease-pathology.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2012/02/national-prion-disease-pathology.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-78479011515115154142011-11-22T16:05:00.000-06:002011-11-22T16:05:12.502-06:00Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with Paralysis of the Unilateral Vocal Cord and Soft PalateCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with Paralysis of the Unilateral Vocal Cord and Soft Palate<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Jun Hasegawa1), Yuuri Okumura1)2), Etsuko Osumi3), Hideaki Tago4), Yukio Katori2) and Toshimitsu Kobayashi2)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Public Soma General Hospital<br />
2) Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine<br />
3) Department of Neurology, Miyagi National Hospital<br />
4) Department of Neurology, Ishibashi Hospital<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(Received July 19, 2011)<br />
(Revision accepted for publication November 5, 2011)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a progressive disease that is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal prion-like proteins in the central nervous system. The cerebral cortex is primarily affected in CJD, leading to spongiform changes and dementia. To date, there have been no reported cases of CJD, with local neuroparalysis discovered at an early stage of the disease. Here, we describe a patient who presented unilateral vocal cord and soft palate paralysis before the progression of CJD. After developing forgetfulness 6 months ago, a 76-year-old woman was presented at department of Otorhinolaryngology in a general hospital for recently developed hoarseness and dysphagia. In the oral and laryngeal endoscopic findings, unilateral paralysis of the vocal cord and soft palate was noted. On videofluorography, the larynx failed to elevate straight on swallowing. The right tongue pharyngeal wall was lax, and some contrast agent was retained in the lower right piriform sinus. The paralysis was thought to be due to the glossopharyngeal nerve or vagal nerve damage, which was caused by peripheral nerve injury or infranuclear palsy. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signals in the cerebral cortical area (a signature feature of CJD). The patient died 2.5 years after the onset of illness. The patient was diagnosed as probable sporadic CJD. Since we could not detect any peripheral organic findings that could cause the paralysis, we suspect that CJD is responsible for the paralysis. In treating CJD patients with neurological signs, exclusive investigation is required to obtain a more detailed picture of the disease.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; diffusion-weighted MRI; prion disease; soft palate paralysis; unilateral vocal cord paralysis <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/225/4/225_277/_article">http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/225/4/225_277/_article</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
FULL TEXT ;<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/225/4/277/_pdf">http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/225/4/277/_pdf</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===========<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Saturday, June 25, 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
Transmissibility of BSE-L and Cattle-Adapted TME Prion Strain to Cynomolgus Macaque<br />
<br />
<br />
"BSE-L in North America may have existed for decades"<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/06/transmissibility-of-bse-l-and-cattle.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/06/transmissibility-of-bse-l-and-cattle.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
EFSA Journal 2011 The European Response to BSE: A Success Story<br />
<br />
This is an interesting editorial about the Mad Cow Disease debacle, and it's ramifications that will continue to play out for decades to come ;<br />
<br />
Monday, October 10, 2011<br />
<br />
EFSA Journal 2011 The European Response to BSE: A Success Story<br />
<br />
snip...<br />
<br />
EFSA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) recently delivered a scientific opinion on any possible epidemiological or molecular association between TSEs in animals and humans (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) and ECDC, 2011). This opinion confirmed Classical BSE prions as the only TSE agents demonstrated to be zoonotic so far but the possibility that a small proportion of human cases so far classified as "sporadic" CJD are of zoonotic origin could not be excluded. Moreover, transmission experiments to non-human primates suggest that some TSE agents in addition to Classical BSE prions in cattle (namely L-type Atypical BSE, Classical BSE in sheep, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) agents) might have zoonotic potential.<br />
<br />
snip...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/e991.htm?emt=1">http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/e991.htm?emt=1</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/e991.pdf">http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/e991.pdf</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
see follow-up here about North America BSE Mad Cow TSE prion risk factors, and the ever emerging strains of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy in many species here in the USA, including humans ;<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/10/efsa-journal-2011-european-response-to.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/10/efsa-journal-2011-european-response-to.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Thursday, August 4, 2011<br />
<br />
Terry Singeltary Sr. on the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Public Health Crisis, Date aired: 27 Jun 2011 <br />
<br />
(SEE VIDEO)<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/08/terry-singeltary-sr-on-creutzfeldt.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/08/terry-singeltary-sr-on-creutzfeldt.html</a><br />
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Sunday, August 21, 2011<br />
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The British disease, or a disease gone global, The TSE Prion Disease <br />
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<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/08/british-disease-or-disease-gone-global.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/08/british-disease-or-disease-gone-global.html</a><br />
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Saturday, March 5, 2011<br />
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MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA<br />
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<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html</a><br />
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TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-80427026283013994372011-11-09T13:00:00.000-06:002011-11-09T13:00:23.297-06:00sporadic FFI or nvCJD in TEXAS ?Wednesday, November 09, 2011<br />
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Case report Sporadic fatal insomnia in a young woman: A diagnostic challenge: Case Report TEXAS<br />
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HOW TO TURN A POTENTIAL MAD COW VICTIM IN THE USA, INTO A HAPPENSTANCE OF BAD LUCK, A SPONTANEOUS MUTATION FROM NOTHING.<br />
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OR WAS IT $$$<br />
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<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2011/11/case-report-sporadic-fatal-insomnia-in.html</a>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-54963043601084303042010-06-01T17:12:00.000-05:002010-06-01T17:19:12.449-05:00USA cases of dpCJD rising with 24 cases so far in 2010USA cases of dpCJD rising with 24 cases so far in 2010<br /><br /><br /><br />Greetings,<br /><br />please be aware, i have termed this strange strain of 'diagnosis pending creutzfeldt jakob disease' as 'dpCJD', what ever that is suppose to mean. how many more years, decades, are we going to have to flounder for them to establish another name for the same disease ?<br /><br /><br />5 Includes 28 cases in which the diagnosis is pending, and 17 inconclusive cases;<br /><br />6 Includes 28 (24 from 2010) cases with type determination pending in which the diagnosis of vCJD has been excluded<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Let's review some history ;<br /><br /><br /><br />IDIOPATHIC BRAIN STEM NEURONAL CHROMATOLYSIS AND HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS<br /><br />(VET REC 1992, M Jeffrey, J W Wilesmith p359-362)<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />BRIEFING<br /><br />1. The disease title is comlex and invites the press to coin a new one (such as BSE II, MAD COW II, or Son of BSE). It is suggested for now that it is called a brain disorder or brain dgeneration (BD).<br /><br />BD - THE LINE TO TAKE<br /><br />2. Disease clinically similar to BSE but pathologically distinct. BD is NOT a form of BSE.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />R BRADLEY<br /><br />20 October 1992<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/10/20003001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/10/20003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/10/20003001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/10/20003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Martin Jeffrey observes that there is a strong similarity between the histopathological picture in BBD and that produced by ME7 strain of Scrapie in mice.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />7. There have to date been 42 cases of BBD out of a total of 2,598 brains submitted for BSE diagnosis in Scotland. The incidence of the condition appears to be 1 in 10,000 of beef suckler cows.<br /><br />W L GARDNER VHS<br /><br />23 October 1992<br /><br />92/10.23/2.2<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/10/23002001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/10/23002001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />''THE LINE TO TAKE'' ON IBNC $$$ 1995 $$$<br /><br />1995<br /><br />page 9 of 14 ;30. The Committee noted that the results were unusual. the questioned whether there could be coincidental BSE infection or contamination with scrapie. Dr. Tyrell noted that the feeling of the committee was that this did not represent a new agent but it was important to be prepared to say something publicly about these findings. A suggested line to take was that these were scientifically unpublishable results but in line with the policy of openness they would be made publicly available and further work done to test their validity. Since the BSE precautions were applied to IBNC cases, human health was protected. Further investigations should be carried out on isolations from brains of IBNC cases with removal of the brain and subsequent handling under strict conditions to avoid the risk of any contamination.31. Mr. Bradley informed the Committee that the CVO had informed the CMO about the IBNC results and the transmission from retina and he, like the Committee was satisfied that the controls already in place or proposed were adequate. ...<br /><br />snip... see full text<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114154722/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/06/21005001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114154722/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/06/21005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />this information had been proved to be incorrect for a number of reasons...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030327015011/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/06/21005001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030327015011/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/06/21005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Saturday, February 28, 2009<br /><br />NEW RESULTS ON IDIOPATHIC BRAINSTEM NEURONAL CHROMATOLYSIS<br /><br />"All of the 15 cattle tested showed that the brains had abnormally accumulated PrP"<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/02/new-results-on-idiopathic-brainstem.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/02/new-results-on-idiopathic-brainstem.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, October 08, 2008<br /><br />Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />''LINE TO TAKE"<br /><br />6. Trouble has been brewing for some time. Dr Collinge is lobbying hard, and threatening to go to the media, claiming Dr Will is blocking his research...<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />9. ...There are also results to be made available shortly (1) concerning a farmer with CJD who had BSE animals, (2) on the possible transmissibility of Alzheimers and (3) a CMO letter on prevention of iatrogenic CJD transmission in neurosurgery, all of which will serve to increase media interest. ...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/12/16005001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1992/12/16005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, November 05, 2009<br /><br />Incidence and spectrum of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease variants with mixed phenotype and co-occurrence of PrPSc types: an updated classification<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/11/incidence-and-spectrum-of-sporadic.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/11/incidence-and-spectrum-of-sporadic.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008<br /><br />A Novel Human Disease with Abnormal Prion Protein Sensitive to Protease update July 10, 2008<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008<br /><br />A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, August 10, 2008<br /><br />A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Monday, April 5, 2010<br /><br />UPDATE - CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Monday, March 29, 2010<br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, May 27, 2010<br /><br />CDC - INQUIRY ABOUT vCJD DEATH OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKER IRMA LINDA ANDABLO<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/05/cdc-inquiry-about-vcjd-death-of.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/05/cdc-inquiry-about-vcjd-death-of.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Archive Number 20100405.1091 Published Date 05-APR-2010<br /><br />Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Prion disease update 1010 (04)<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />[Terry S. Singeltary Sr. has added the following comment:<br /><br />"According to the World Health Organisation, the future public health threat of vCJD in the UK and Europe and potentially the rest of the world is of concern and currently unquantifiable. However, the possibility of a significant and geographically diverse vCJD epidemic occurring over the next few decades cannot be dismissed.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241545887.pdf">http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241545887.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />The key word here is diverse. What does diverse mean? If USA scrapie transmitted to USA bovine does not produce pathology as the UK c-BSE, then why would CJD from there look like UK vCJD?"<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/apex/f?p=2400:1001:568933508083034::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,82101">http://www.promedmail.org/pls/apex/f?p=2400:1001:568933508083034::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,82101</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Questions linger in U.S. CJD cases<br /><br />Published: Oct. 21, 2005 at 9:49 PM<br /><br />By STEVE MITCHELL, Senior Medical Correspondent<br /><br /><br />WASHINGTON, Oct. 21 (UPI) -- French researchers have ruled out the human form of mad cow disease in a deceased California man, even though they did not conduct the critical test widely regarded as the only way to determine precisely the nature of his disease, United Press International has learned.<br /><br />The case of Patrick Hicks, who died last November from his condition, has remained murky from the beginning. Dr. Ron Bailey, of Riverside, Calif., the man's neurologist, had suspected the 49-year-old Hicks of having contracted variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease -- a fatal, brain-wasting illness humans can contract from eating beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen -- and both he and the family wanted an autopsy conducted to determine if Hicks had succumbed to the disorder.<br /><br />Bailey became concerned that Hicks might have contracted vCJD because he initially had exhibited psychiatric symptoms, his illness appears to have lasted for more than one year and he showed normal brain-wave patterns via EEGs until the late stages -- all consistent with the disease. In addition, Hicks's relatively young age raised concerns, because nearly all of the more than 150 cases of vCJD detected worldwide have occurred in people under age 55.<br /><br />The first hint of oddness began when, according to both Hicks's brother and mother, a team of six doctors, who they suspect were with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, visited Patrick last October while he was still alive and under care at Loma Linda University Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif.<br /><br />They said they were asked to leave when the doctors arrived to examine Patrick.<br /><br />CDC officials would not confirm to UPI whether they had investigated the case, but the agency's policy does require examining all suspected cases of vCJD in anyone under 55.<br /><br />The family also said Loma Linda refused to released Hicks's medical records to them.<br /><br />The oddities continued after Hicks's death. Bailey found it almost impossible to get an autopsy conducted on Hicks, the only way to determine conclusively whether he had variant or sporadic CJD -- a version of the disease not related to mad cow. One county coroner's office referred him to another and both refused to conduct the procedure, he said.<br /><br />Then, the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center in Cleveland, Ohio -- which was established by the CDC to investigate potential vCJD cases in the United States -- dispatched a mobile autopsy company called 1-800-Autopsy, but the company failed to follow the center's protocol and did not collect frozen sections of brain, which are required for tests to determine whether the disease is vCJD or sCJD. Instead, the autopsy company fixed the entire brain in formalin.<br /><br />The NPDPSC, however, considers the collection of frozen brain tissue essential to distinguishing vCJD from other forms of CJD.<br /><br />"Only frozen brain tissue examination definitely confirms or excludes the diagnosis of prion disease and provides the information to identify the type of prion disease," the center's Web site says. Prions are abnormal proteins thought to play a role in causing vCJD and sCJD.<br /><br />The problem raised enough concern that both Bailey and Hicks's family sought a second opinion.<br /><br />Experts had told them that animal-injection studies could be done with formalin-fixed tissue, so the family arranged to have a sample of Patrick's brain sent to Dr. Jean Jacques Hauw at the Laboratoire De Neuropathologie at the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere in Paris, who they thought had agreed to do the studies.<br /><br />The NPDPSC, however, delayed sending the sample to France for two months after the family's request last March. During the delay, Pierluigi Gambetti, the NPDPSC's director, sent a letter to Hicks's wife.<br /><br />"We can definitely rule out the diagnosis of variant CJD," the letter stated.<br /><br />Gambetti's strong conclusion sounded strange to Bailey, because the NPDPSC had not conducted further tests since January, when they had said vCJD was unlikely but that they were unable to rule it out entirely.<br /><br />After examining the brain tissue, Hauw's team told the family the disease was consistent with sCJD, but to date they have not explained why they did not conduct the animal-injection studies -- the family's reason for sending samples of his brain to France.<br /><br />Asked the reasons for not following the family's wishes and conducting the animal studies, Hauw told UPI, "I cannot answer your question," citing French regulations that prohibited him from providing information about a specific patient.<br /><br />He did say, however, that "animal injection is not needed for the routine diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and its various variants, at least in France and in the United Kingdom."<br /><br />That may be true, but it remains unclear why he accepted the case in the first place, knowing that is what the family wanted.<br /><br />Moreover, this was not a "routine diagnosis." If Hicks suffered from vCJD, he potentially would have been the first person in the United States to have acquired the disease domestically, a development with significant domestic and international ramifications.<br /><br />In addition, other experts, such as Dr. Laura Manuelidis, section chief of surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale University, have said the only way to know conclusively whether the disease is due to sCJD or vCJD is through animal-injection studies.<br /><br />"From what I gather, the result was merely rubber stamped," Bailey told UPI. "I guess we will never really know for sure."<br /><br />The handling of the case is noteworthy, because the NPDPSC currently is investigating nine potential sCJD cases in Idaho. Experts suspect some of those cases could be vCJD.<br /><br />Bailey and some patient advocates said they are now skeptical of the NPDPSC's behavior.<br /><br />"How could my experience with the Hicks case ... and the interaction with NPDPSC not lessen my confidence?" Bailey asked. "I anticipate that all of the Idaho cluster of CJD patients will turn out to have sCJD. I cannot for a minute see their results indicating anything but this. After all, if any patient were to have vCJD, it would have been Patrick Hicks. The results of NPDPSC are not definitive in excluding Hicks as not having vCJD. There certainly will always be that question in my mind."<br /><br />Terry Singletary, a patient advocate whose mother died of a form of the disease called Heidenhain variant, told UPI he likewise had lost confidence in the NPDPSC.<br /><br />"I do not trust them," Singletary said. "It's all going to be sporadic. This is the way they want it. They do not want to find out all the routes and sources of this agent."<br /><br />Both vCJD and mad cow disease are politically sensitive issues because they can impact international trade. Dozens of nations closed their borders to American beef after a lone U.S. cow tested positive for the disease in 2003, resulting in more than $4.7 billion in losses for the industry, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture delayed doing confirmatory tests for seven months on what turned out to be a second case of mad cow.<br /><br />The NPDPSC did not respond to UPI's phone call requesting comment about the Idaho cases. The CDC referred UPI to Idaho officials.<br /><br />Of the nine Idaho cases, three people have tested positive for a CJD-like illness, but officials are conducting further tests to determine whether the disease is sCJD. Two others tested negative and four were buried without autopsies.<br /><br />The cases could just be a statistical fluke, but the state averages about 1.2 sCJD cases per year and has never had more than three in a single year. The disease is rare and generally is thought to occur at the rate of one case per million people.<br /><br />Several CJD clusters in other states have far exceeded that rate, however. These included:<br /><br />--southern New Jersey (2000-2003),<br /><br />--Lehigh, Pa. (1986-90),<br /><br />--Allentown, Pa. (1989-92),<br /><br />--Tampa, Fla. (1996-97),<br /><br />--Oregon (2001-02), and<br /><br />--Nassau County, N.Y. (1999-2000).<br /><br />Some of the clusters involved as many as 18 deaths, and ranged from a rate of four to eight cases per million people.<br /><br />A group of J.P. Morgan analysts issued an advisory last year on the impact the clusters could have on the beef industry, and said that some of the cases could be due to vCJD.<br /><br />"The existence of clusters raises the question of 'contamination' or 'infection,' and also raises the hypothesis that rather than cases of sCJD, these might have been cases of vCJD," the advisory said. "Given that sCJD occurs randomly in one out of 1 million cases, it is a statistical rarity to find an sCJD cluster -- let alone six."<br /><br />If that assessment is accurate, another cluster in Idaho would be even more unlikely.<br /><br />Another possibility is some of the Idaho cases could be due to chronic wasting disease, which is similar to mad cow disease and currently is epidemic among deer and elk in several states, including Idaho's neighbors Wyoming and Utah.<br /><br />No human cases of CWD have ever been confirmed, but the disease has been shown to infect human cells in a lab dish. Also, a team of researchers led by Jason Bartz of Creighton University in Omaha, Neb., report in the November issue of the Journal of Virology they had experimentally transmitted CWD to squirrel monkeys --the first reported transmission of CWD to primates.<br /><br />If CWD is capable of infecting humans, it is unknown whether the resulting disease would resemble sCJD, vCJD or a novel disorder. If the disease looks like sCJD, cases could be going undetected or misdiagnosed.<br /><br />--<br /><br />E-mail: healthbiz@upi.com<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2005/10/21/Questions-linger-in-US-CJD-cases/UPI-65761129945790/">http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2005/10/21/Questions-linger-in-US-CJD-cases/UPI-65761129945790/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />NIH may destroy human brain collection<br /><br />By Steve Mitchell Medical Correspondent<br /><br />Washington, DC, Mar. 24 (UPI) -- The National Institutes of Health may discard part or all of a rare collection that includes hundreds of human brain samples from patients that suffered from a disorder similar to mad cow disease -- unless another researcher or institution takes them on, United Press International has learned.<br /><br /><br />see full history of the day they almost destroyed all donated brains samples from CJD victims ;<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />3.56 A further difference in the transmission properties of the two diseases was the pattern of disease caused in the brains of experimental animals. Mice inoculated with scrapie material from geographically and temporally distinct sources were found to have variable brain lesions, whereas mice inoculated with BSE material similarly derived from different sources all had very similar patterns of disease. 30 These results showed that, unlike scrapie, only one strain of BSE was present in the inocula derived from different sources. As the current hypothesis suggested that scrapie had transmitted to cattle at a number of geographically separate sites, it might have been expected that several strains of BSE would have been evident, given that over 20 strains of scrapie were known. Since 1996, strain-typing studies in mice have shown that the lesion profile produced by BSE is different to all known scrapie strains. 31<br /><br />3.57 The experiment which might have determined whether BSE and scrapie were caused by the same agent (ie, the feeding of natural scrapie to cattle) was never undertaken in the UK. It was, however, performed in the USA in 1979, when it was shown that cattle inoculated with the scrapie agent endemic in the flock of Suffolk sheep at the United States Department of Agriculture in Mission, Texas, developed a TSE quite unlike BSE. 32 The findings of the initial transmission, though not of the clinical or neurohistological examination, were communicated in October 1988 to Dr Watson, Director of the CVL, following a visit by Dr Wrathall, one of the project leaders in the Pathology Department of the CVL, to the United States Department of Agriculture. 33 The results were not published at this point, since the attempted transmission to mice from the experimental cow brain had been inconclusive. The results of the clinical and histological differences between scrapie-affected sheep and cattle were published in 1995. Similar studies in which cattle were inoculated intracerebrally with scrapie inocula derived from a number of scrapie-affected sheep of different breeds and from different States, were carried out at the US National Animal Disease Centre. 34 The results, published in 1994, showed that this source of scrapie agent, though pathogenic for cattle, did not produce the same clinical signs of brain lesions characteristic of BSE.<br /><br />3.58 There are several possible reasons why the experiment was not performed in the UK. It had been recommended by Sir Richard Southwood (Chairman of the Working Party on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) in his letter to the Permanent Secretary of MAFF, Mr (now Sir) Derek Andrews, on 21 June 1988, 35 though it was not specifically recommended in the Working Party Report or indeed in the Tyrrell Committee Report (details of the Southwood Working Party and the Tyrell Committee can be found in vol. 4: The Southwood Working Party, 1988-89 and vol. 11: Scientists after Southwood respectively). The direct inoculation of scrapie into calves was given low priority, because of its high cost and because it was known that it had already taken place in the USA. 36 It was also felt that the results of such an experiment would be hard to interpret. While a negative result would be informative, a positive result would need to demonstrate that when scrapie was transmitted to cattle, the disease which developed in cattle was the same as BSE. 37 Given the large number of strains of scrapie and the possibility that BSE was one of them, it would be necessary to transmit every scrapie strain to cattle separately, to test the hypothesis properly. Such an experiment would be expensive. Secondly, as measures to control the epidemic took hold, the need for the experiment from the policy viewpoint was not considered so urgent. It was felt that the results would be mainly of academic interest. 38<br /><br />3.59 Nevertheless, from the first demonstration of transmissibility of BSE in 1988, the possibility of differences in the transmission properties of BSE and scrapie was clear. Scrapie was transmissible to hamsters, but by 1988 attempts to transmit BSE to hamsters had failed. Subsequent findings increased that possibility.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010224062436/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume2/chaptea3.htm#820550">http://web.archive.org/web/20010224062436/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume2/chaptea3.htm#820550</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, April 18, 2010<br /><br />SCRAPIE AND ATYPICAL SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION STUDIES A REVIEW 2010<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />If the scrapie agent is generated from ovine DNA and thence causes disease in other species, then perhaps, bearing in mind the possible role of scrapie in CJD of humans (Davinpour et al, 1985), scrapie and not BSE should be the notifiable disease. ...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08004001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08004001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Saturday, January 2, 2010<br /><br />Human Prion Diseases in the United States January 1, 2010 ***FINAL***<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />my comments to PLosone here ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd&root=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd">http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd&root=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, February 05, 2010<br /><br />New Variant Creutzfelt Jakob Disease case reports United States 2010 A Review<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2010/02/new-variant-creutzfelt-jakob-disease.html">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2010/02/new-variant-creutzfelt-jakob-disease.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, May 06, 2010<br /><br />Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimicking nonconvulsive status epilepticus<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/05/sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/05/sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, February 14, 2010<br /><br />[Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html">http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, February 24, 2010<br /><br />Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America 14th<br /><br />ICID International Scientific Exchange Brochure -<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />TSE<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br />P.O. Box 42<br />Bacliff, Texas USA 77518Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-41306627213996699022010-05-27T10:39:00.000-05:002010-05-27T11:03:04.912-05:00CDC - INQUIRY ABOUT vCJD DEATH OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKER IRMA LINDA ANDABLORE-CDC - INQUIRY ABOUT vCJD DEATH OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKER IRMA LINDA ANDABLO<br /><br /><br /><br />Greetings,<br /><br /><br /><br />SEE these further comments, this time from the CDC on this CJD case. Seems they are oblivious. ...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br /><br /><br /><br />From: Hammett, Teresa (CDC/OID/NCZVED)<br /><br /><br />To: HSHIELDS@worldpath.net<br /><br /><br />Sent: Monday, May 24, 2010 11:10 AM<br /><br /><br />Subject: RE: TO CDC - INQUIRY ABOUT vCJD DEATH OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKER IRMA LINDA ANDABLO<br /><br /><br />Dear Ms Shields,<br /><br /><br />We are not able to confirm knowledge of a specific CJD investigation or diagnosis for anyone due to reasons of confidentiality. I can tell you that all persons suspected of having CJD who are less than 55 years of age are a high priority for investigation by state health departments, CDC and the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center.<br /><br /><br />There are multiple surveillance methods in place to identify cases of CJD and variant CJD when such cases occur in the United States. The CDC monitors the trends and current incidence of CJD in the United States using several surveillance mechanisms. On a routine basis, CDC reviews the national multiple cause-of-death data taken from death certificates and compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC. In addition, CDC conducts follow-up review of clinical and neuropathology records of CJD decedents aged <55 years who are identified through the national mortality data analysis or reported by health care workers. This is the age group in which almost all of the vCJD cases worldwide have occurred to date. In 1996-97, CDC established, in collaboration with the American Association of Neuropathologists, the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center at Case Western Reserve University, which performs special state-of-the-art diagnostic tests for prion diseases, including post-mortem tests for vCJD. These tests are provided free of charge to all U.S. physicians. For more information about the center, visit its website at: http://www.cjdsurveillance.com. Currently, CDC works with selected state health departments on various enhanced CJD surveillance projects and education programs regarding the importance of autopsy to both the surveillance and diagnosis of CJD. In addition, CDC collects, reviews and when indicated, actively investigates specific reports by health care personnel or institutions in all states of possible iatrogenic CJD and variant CJD cases. Three cases of vCJD have been reported from the United States. By convention, variant CJD cases are ascribed to the country of initial symptom onset, regardless of where the exposure occurred. There is strong evidence that suggests that two of the three cases were exposed to the BSE agent in the United Kingdom and that the third was exposed while living in Saudi Arabia. Cases of classic CJD in persons less than 55 years of age do occur as either sporadic cases or due to inherited mutations of the prion protein gene. Classic CJD has nothing to do with exposure to beef as does variant CJD.<br /><br /><br /> -------------------------------------------<br /><br /><br />From: Helane Shields[SMTP:HSHIELDS@WORLDPATH.NET]<br /><br />Sent: Friday, May 21, 2010 8:17:38 PM<br /><br />To: NCID DVRD PRION (CDC)<br /><br />Subject: TO CDC - INQUIRY ABOUT vCJD DEATH OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKER IRMA LINDA ANDABLO Auto forwarded by a Rule<br /><br />To CDC - Please advise if you have investigated or conducted an autopsy regarding the CJD or vCJD death of 38 year old slaughterhouse worker Irma Linda Andablo: I originally made this inquiry to USDA. They advised it should be directed to you. Please comment or state the position of the CDC with regard to the recent death of a 38-year old long time slaughterhouse worker from variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease ?<br /><br /><br />end...TSS<br /><br /><br />CDC STATED THAT ;<br /><br /><br />"Cases of classic CJD in persons less than 55 years of age do occur as either sporadic cases or due to inherited mutations of the prion protein gene. Classic CJD has nothing to do with exposure to beef as does variant CJD."<br /><br /><br />???<br /><br /><br />This is wrong. It has never been proven that 85% to 90% of all cases of human TSE i.e. sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) is of a ''inherited mutations of the prion protein gene" and or that "Classic CJD has nothing to do with exposure to beef as does variant CJD", this is simply wishful thinking$<br /><br />There is much more to this nightmare than the UKBSEnvCJD hamburger eating adolescents only theory. WE are missing the bigger picture, i.e. 85%+ of all the rest of the cases i.e. sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, and all it's phenotypes, and they are mounting. sporadic CJD is NOT a single strain, but multiple strains of UNKNOWN origin. There are six documented strains of sporadic CJD, with UNKNOWN strains growing. please remember ;<br /><br /><br />USA sporadic CJD cases rising ;<br /><br /><br />18 January 2007 - Draft minutes of the SEAC 95 meeting (426 KB) held on 7 December 2006 are now available.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />64. A member noted that at the recent Neuroprion meeting, a study was presented showing that in transgenic mice BSE passaged in sheep may be more virulent and infectious to a wider range of species than bovine derived BSE. Other work presented suggested that BSE and bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE) MAY BE RELATED. A mutation had been identified in the prion protein gene in an AMERICAN BASE CASE THAT WAS SIMILAR IN NATURE TO A MUTATION FOUND IN CASES OF SPORADIC CJD.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf">http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />3:30 Transmission of the Italian Atypical BSE (BASE) in Humanized Mouse Models<br /><br />Qingzhong Kong, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Pathology, Case Western Reserve University<br /><br />Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy (BASE) is an atypical BSE strain discovered recently in Italy, and similar or different atypical BSE cases were also reported in other countries. The infectivity and phenotypes of these atypical BSE strains in humans are unknown. In collaboration with Pierluigi Gambetti, as well as Maria Caramelli and her co-workers, we have inoculated transgenic mice expressing human prion protein with brain homogenates from BASE or BSE infected cattle. Our data shows that about half of the BASE-inoculated mice became infected with an average incubation time of about 19 months; in contrast, none of the BSE-inoculated mice appear to be infected after more than 2 years.<br /><br />***These results indicate that BASE is transmissible to humans and suggest that BASE is more virulent than classical BSE in humans.***<br /><br /><br />6:30 Close of Day One<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.healthtech.com/2007/tse/day1.asp">http://www.healthtech.com/2007/tse/day1.asp</a><br /><br /><br />SEE STEADY INCREASE IN SPORADIC CJD IN THE USA FROM 1997 TO 2006. SPORADIC CJD CASES TRIPLED, with phenotype of 'UNKNOWN' strain growing. ...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html</a><br /><br /><br />There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection. He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />2008 - 2010 The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html">http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html</a><br /><br /><br />CJD USA RISING, with UNKNOWN PHENOTYPE ; 5 Includes 41 cases in which the diagnosis is pending, and 17 inconclusive cases; 6 Includes 46 cases with type determination pending in which the diagnosis of vCJD has been excluded.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, January 2, 2010 Human Prion Diseases in the United States January 1, 2010 ***FINAL***<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html</a><br /><br /><br />my comments to PLosone here ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd&root=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd">http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd&root=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD RISING SWITZERLAND<br /><br /><br />CJD is a predominantly sporadic disorder but can also occur as a dominantly inherited or infective condition. Only one of the 26 most recent confirmed cases was identified as carrying a disease related mutation of the PRNP gene, none had identifiable iatrogenic exposure, and none resembled variant CJD. Thus 25 of the 26 cases appear to be sporadic cases. Sporadic CJD is distributed worldwide with a reported incidence of about one in a million per year. Raised awareness of the disease in recent years could account for an increase in reported cases of CJD, although neither an increase in the average age of patients nor more frequent recognition of CJD amongst residents of nursing homes (where dementing illness is prevalent and misdiagnosis might be expected) were seen in the Swiss cases. Moreover, improved ascertainment as an explanation for the observed increase would imply levels of under-reporting in countries other than Switzerland, which appear implausible. The authors of the Lancet report suggest that the rise in cases might be due to some form of unidentified iatrogenic transmission or to exposure to a zoonotic source of infection, though cases do not resemble variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). The ongoing surveillance of CJD in Switzerland and the rest of Europe is essential to monitor the situation to see if this rise is sustained in Switzerland, and if a similar rise occurs in other countries (see <a href="http://www.eurocjd.ed.ac.uk/">http://www.eurocjd.ed.ac.uk</a>).<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=1921">http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=1921</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Prion data suggest BSE link to sporadic CJD Declan Butler Predicting the number of cases of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in people as a result of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has just got more difficult.Whereas it was thought that BSE only caused a new form of the disease called variant CJD (vCJD), a study in mice from a team led by John Collinge at University College London suggests that it may also cause a disease indistinguishable from the commonest form of classical, or 'sporadic', CJD (E.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420450a.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420450a.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />IF we look at sporadic incidence of CJD in UK from 1993 to 2003, the incidence rose from 37 in 1993 to 77 in 2003. THIS seems to show an increase to me? I do not understand the statement ; However, in the period following the first published description of vCJD in 1996, there was no increasing trend in the reported annual number of U.K. sporadic CJD deaths (52). IF we go further and look at some of the other documented BSE countries, you will the increase of sporadic CJD there as well ;<br /><br /><br />Canada from 2 to 25<br /><br /><br />France from 35 to 108<br /><br /><br />Germany 21+ to 96<br /><br /><br />Italy 27 to 76<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.eurocjd.ed.ac.uk/sporadic.htm">http://www.eurocjd.ed.ac.uk/sporadic.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Switzerland sporadic CJD ;<br /><br /><br />Swiss rise in CJD raises concerns over possible BSE link [LONDON] THE LANCET Plaque attack: Swiss patients have spongiform patterns in the brain typical of sporadic CJD. The number of people dying from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has risen sharply in Switzerland -- sparking fears of a possible link with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). BSE is thought to be the cause of a distinctive form of the brain-wasting disease known as variant CJD. The Swiss cases, in contrast, are standard 'sporadic' CJD. Each year between 1997 and 2000, no more than 11 Swiss people developed CJD. But 19 cases were reported in 2001, and seven were recorded in the first quarter of this year. This is some four times higher than the incidence elsewhere, reports a team led by Adriano Aguzzi of the University Hospital Zurich (M. Glatzel et al. Lancet 360, 139-141; 2002). The increase could be a mere statistical blip, or it may be due to increased awareness of the disease leading to more diagnoses. More disturbing is the possibility that the cases are linked to the consumption of BSE-infected meat products -- which would mean that the BSE agent can cause two distinct forms of CJD. Possible links between the Swiss CJD cases and BSE will now be explored by strain-typing experiments in which the disease is transmitted to mice. These tests will take at least a year to complete. "It's the best way to establish or exclude any suspected link," says Moira Bruce of the UK Institute for Animal Health's Neuropathogenesis Unit in Edinburgh.<br /><br /><br />======================================<br /><br /><br />Experiences in England and Switzerland -- two countries that discovered mad cow disease in their cattle -- have heightened concerns about the possibility some cases of sporadic CJD are due to consuming mad-cow-tainted beef. Both countries have reported increases in sporadic CJD since mad cow was first detected in British herds in 1986. Switzerland discovered last year its CJD rate was twice that of any other country in the world. Switzerland had been seeing about eight to 11 cases per year from 1997 to 2000. Then the incidence more than doubled, to 19 cases in 2001 and 18 cases in 2002.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20030721-102924-4786r">http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20030721-102924-4786r</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Mouse model sheds new light on human prion disease snip... Professor John Collinge said We are not saying that all or even most cases of sporadic CJD are as a result of BSE exposure, but some more recent cases may be the incidence of sporadic CJD has shown an upward trend in the UK over the last decade. While most of this apparent increase may be because doctors are now more aware of CJD and better at diagnosing it, serious consideration should be given to a proportion of this rise being BSE-related. Switzerland, which has had a substantial BSE epidemic, has noted a sharp recent increase in sporadic CJD.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.mrc.ac.uk/txt/index/public-interest/public-news-4/public-news_archive/public-news-archive_nov_dec_02/public-bse_and_sporadic_cjd.htm">http://www.mrc.ac.uk/txt/index/public-interest/public-news-4/public-news_archive/public-news-archive_nov_dec_02/public-bse_and_sporadic_cjd.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein<br /><br /><br />Emmanuel A. Asante, Jacqueline M. Linehan, Melanie Desbruslais, Susan Joiner, Ian Gowland, Andrew L. Wood, Julie Welch, Andrew F. Hill, Sarah E. Lloyd, Jonathan D.F. Wadsworth, and John Collinge1 MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK 1Corresponding author e-mail: j.collinge@prion.ucl.ac.ukReceived August 1, 2002; Revised September 24, 2002; Accepted October 17, 2002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC136957/?tool=pubmed The EMBO Journal (2002) 21, 6358 - 6366 doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf653<br /><br /><br />BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein<br /><br /><br />Emmanuel A. Asante1, Jacqueline M. Linehan1, Melanie Desbruslais1, Susan Joiner1, Ian Gowland1, Andrew L. Wood1, Julie Welch1, Andrew F. Hill1, Sarah E. Lloyd1, Jonathan D.F. Wadsworth1 and John Collinge1 1.MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK Correspondence to: John Collinge, E-mail: j.collinge@prion.ucl.ac.uk Received 1 August 2002; Accepted 17 October 2002; Revised 24 September 2002<br /><br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br /><br />Abstract<br /><br /><br /><br />Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) has been recognized to date only in individuals homozygous for methionine at PRNP codon 129. Here we show that transgenic mice expressing human PrP methionine 129, inoculated with either bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or variant CJD prions, may develop the neuropathological and molecular phenotype of vCJD, consistent with these diseases being caused by the same prion strain. Surprisingly, however, BSE transmission to these transgenic mice, in addition to producing a vCJD-like phenotype, can also result in a distinct molecular phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of sporadic CJD with PrPSc type 2. These data suggest that more than one BSE-derived prion strain might infect humans; it is therefore possible that some patients with a phenotype consistent with sporadic CJD may have a disease arising from BSE exposure. Keywords:BSE, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, prion, transgenic<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nature.com/emboj/journal/v21/n23/abs/7594869a.html">http://www.nature.com/emboj/journal/v21/n23/abs/7594869a.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, August 10, 2008<br /><br /><br /><br />A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD IN INDIVIDUAL WITH BSE HERD WHOM DRANK MILK THERE FROM (rewriting history)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/02/15003001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/02/15003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/02/26001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/02/26001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CONFIDENTIAL CONFIRMED CASE OF CJD IN A DAIRY FARMER<br /><br /><br />3. Neither Dr Will nor the CJD surveillance unit intend to disclose the existence of this case or make any comment at present unless it attracts media attention.<br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br />HUMAN CASE DETAILS CONFIDENTIAL<br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br />6. CJD IN FARMERS<br /><br /><br />The second annual report on CJD surveillance in the UK, which is about to be published, gives occupational history details of 29 definite and probable CJD cases recorded in people who had a history of employment at any time in particular occupational groups of potential significance for the occurrence of the disease. The 29 cases were amongst 95 diagnosed over a 3 year period: the other 66 cases did not fall into such occupational groups. These relevant details are:- MEDICAL/PARAMEDICAL/DENTISTRY 7 ANIMAL LABORATORY 1 PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY 0 RESEARCH LABORATORY 0 FARMERS/VETERINARY SURGEONS 7 BUTCHERS/ABATTOIR WORKERS/OCCUPATION INVOLVING DIRECT CONTACT WITH ANIMAL OR CARCASES 5 OCCUPATION INVOLVING ANIMAL PRODUCTS 9<br /><br /><br />snip... full text ;<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155201/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/19001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155201/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/19001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />2.<br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br />Over a 5 year period, which is the time period on which the advice from Professor Smith and Dr. Gore was based, and assuming a population of 120,000 dairy farm workers, and an annual incidence of 1 per million cases of CJD in the general population, a DAIRY FARM WORKER IS 5 TIMES MORE LIKELY THAN an individual in the general population to develop CJD. Using the actual current annual incidence of CJD in the UK of 0.7 per million, this figure becomes 7.5 TIMES. 3. You will recall that the advice provided by Professor Smith in 1993 and by Dr. Gore this month used the sub-population of dairy farm workers who had had a case of BSE on their farms - 63,000, which is approximately half the number of dairy farm workers - as a denominator. If the above sums are repeated using this denominator population, taking an annual incidence in the general population of 1 per million the observed rate in this sub-population is 10 TIMES, and taking an annual incidence of 0.7 per million, IT IS 15 TIMES (THE ''WORST CASE'' SCENARIO) than that in the general population...<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030516181226/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/01/31004001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030516181226/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/01/31004001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />4th farmer, and 1st teenager<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102235004/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1996/02/27003001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102235004/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1996/02/27003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />CHANGING SCIENCE TO FIT YOUR INDUSTRY NEEDS COVER-UP IN FULL MODE NOW<br /><br /><br />PROBLEM 7. The main findings in the case-control study were STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CONSUMPTION OF VEAL OR VENISON AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CJD (INCREASED RISKS OF 2-13x). IP PS(L) wishes to probe this further we think it best to explain the matter VERBALLY. The problem is how to present the findings in this year's annual report in a way which avoids unnecessary public alarm and limits the scope for media scare stores. (or the facts...TSS)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103020408/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/07/00001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103020408/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/07/00001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />A REVISED VERSION WHERE THE FOLLOWING WAS MADE TO BE REMOVED FROM SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS. ...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />''This year's findings show a number of associations but the strongest is for veal.'' A BIG LINE WAS DRAWN THROUGH THAT SENTENCE TO BE REMOVED DUE TO THE FOLLOWING. THIS IS THE NEXT SENTENCE ; ''This is of considerable concern given recent developments. In particular, Ministers will be particularly concerned about the European dimension given the recent troubles with the Germans.'' YOU can see the beginning of the ukbsenvCJD only theory beginning to unfold now.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />full text of this ukbsenvcjd only conspiracy can be seen here. ...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />POLICY RESTRICTED<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103020408/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/07/00001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103020408/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/07/00001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />see full text sporadic CJD the big lie;<br /><br /><br /><br />CJD IN AN INDIVIDUAL OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO BSE ii. on page 2 the sentence ''He had drunk pooled milk from the herd which included that from the affected animal'' will mislead the uninformed. It needs to be made clear that milk from a cow which is suspected to be affected with BSE cannot be drunk or added to the bulk milk produced by the rest of the herd. iii. in the final paragraph I suggest that the phrase ''and a causal link with BSE is at most conjectural'' BE DELETED: the first paragraph of the sentence would then stand as a clear statement that the CJD case was likely to have been a CHANCE PHENOMENON.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030513214508/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/02/15003001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030513214508/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/02/15003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />''DH is aware of a second case of CJD in a dairy farmer who has had BSE in his herd. We cannot comment on the details of the case, but we know of nothing to suggest this is anthing other than a sporadic case of CJD. .........<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155112/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/12001001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155112/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/12001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />IN CONFIDENCE<br /><br /><br />IF PRESSED: The numbers concerned are very small, and it is not possible to draw any conclusions from such small numbers. This issue is being considered by the Government's expert advisers....<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103034651/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/12002001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103034651/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/12002001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />IN CONFIDENCE<br /><br /><br />THE FARMER IS THOUGHT TO HAVE HAD AT LEAST TWO CASES OF BSE IN HIS HERD, which were diagnosed in 1992. The farmer is reported to have asssisted in calving and to have drunk milk from his herd. This does not suggest that this is anything other than a sporadic case of CJD. ...<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103034528/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/12003001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103034528/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/12003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CONFIDENTIAL<br /><br /><br />CONFIRMED CASE OF CJD IN DAIRY FARMER The Committee agreed that transmission studies in relation to ''the third farmer'' with potential occupational contact with BSE was a priority. ....<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030513115653/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/14003001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030513115653/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1993/07/14003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />3RD FARMER BSE CJD TRANSMISSION STUDIES MRC<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102210337/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/08/01004001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102210337/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/08/01004001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />CJD FARMERS WIFE 1989<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103005651/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/10/13007001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103005651/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/10/13007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />IN CONFIDENCE<br /><br /><br />Locally, they made quite an association with BSE, since she was a farmers wife on a farm that, atypically for that area of S Yorkshire, had several BSE cases. I was told the clinical and pathological pictures were typical of CJD.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155149/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/10/13003001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155149/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/10/13003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />cover-up of 4th farm worker ???<br /><br /><br />RISTRICTED: POLICY 23 October 1995<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030331213802/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/10/23006001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030331213802/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/10/23006001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CONFIRMATION OF CJD IN FOURTH FARMER<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102203608/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/11/03008001.pdf">http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102203608/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/11/03008001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />now story changes from; SEAC concluded that, if the fourth case were confirmed, it would be worrying, especially as all four farmers with CJD would have had BSE cases on their farms. to; This is not unexpected... was another farmer expected?<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030728074919/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/11/13010001.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030728074919/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/11/13010001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Monday, May 19, 2008 SPORADIC CJD IN FARMERS, FARMERS WIVES, FROM FARMS WITH BSE HERD AND ABATTOIRS<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/">http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />2010<br /><br />14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases H-type and L-type Atypical BSE January 2010<br /><br />(special pre-congress edition)<br /><br /><br />18.173 page 189<br /><br /><br />Experimental Challenge of Cattle with H-type and L-type Atypical BSE<br /><br /><br />A. Buschmann1, U. Ziegler1, M. Keller1, R. Rogers2, B. Hills3, M.H. Groschup1. 1Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, 2Health Canada, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products & Food Branch, Ottawa, Canada, 3Health Canada, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Secretariat, Ottawa, Canada<br /><br /><br /><br />Background: After the detection of two novel BSE forms designated H-type and L-type atypical BSE the question of the pathogenesis and the agent distribution of these two types in cattle was fully open. From initial studies of the brain pathology, it was already known that the anatomical distribution of L-type BSE differs from that of the classical type where the obex region in the brainstem always displays the highest PrPSc concentrations. In contrast in L-type BSE cases, the thalamus and frontal cortex regions showed the highest levels of the pathological prion protein, while the obex region was only weakly involved.<br /><br /><br />Methods:We performed intracranial inoculations of cattle (five and six per group) using 10%brainstemhomogenates of the two German H- and L-type atypical BSE isolates. The animals were inoculated under narcosis and then kept in a free-ranging stable under appropriate biosafety conditions.At least one animal per group was killed and sectioned in the preclinical stage and the remaining animals were kept until they developed clinical symptoms. The animals were examined for behavioural changes every four weeks throughout the experiment following a protocol that had been established during earlier BSE pathogenesis studies with classical BSE.<br /><br /><br />Results and Discussion: All animals of both groups developed clinical symptoms and had to be euthanized within 16 months. The clinical picture differed from that of classical BSE, as the earliest signs of illness were loss of body weight and depression. However, the animals later developed hind limb ataxia and hyperesthesia predominantly and the head. Analysis of brain samples from these animals confirmed the BSE infection and the atypical Western blot profile was maintained in all animals. Samples from these animals are now being examined in order to be able to describe the pathogenesis and agent distribution for these novel BSE types.<br /><br /><br />Conclusions: A pilot study using a commercially avaialble BSE rapid test ELISA revealed an essential restriction of PrPSc to the central nervous system for both atypical BSE forms. A much more detailed analysis for PrPSc and infectivity is still ongoing.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.isid.org/14th_icid/">http://www.isid.org/14th_icid/</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/IMED2009_AbstrAuth.pdf">http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/IMED2009_AbstrAuth.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.isid.org/publications/ICID_Archive.shtml">http://www.isid.org/publications/ICID_Archive.shtml</a><br /><br /><br /><br />14th ICID International Scientific Exchange Brochure - Final<br /><br /><br />Abstract Number: ISE.114<br /><br /><br />Session: International Scientific Exchange<br /><br /><br />Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America update October 2009<br /><br /><br />T. Singeltary Bacliff, TX, USA<br /><br /><br />Background: An update on atypical BSE and other TSE in North America. Please remember, the typical U.K. c-BSE, the atypical l-BSE (BASE), and h-BSE have all been documented in North America, along with the typical scrapie's, and atypical Nor-98 Scrapie, and to date, 2 different strains of CWD, and also TME. All these TSE in different species have been rendered and fed to food producing animals for humans and animals in North America (TSE in cats and dogs ?), and that the trading of these TSEs via animals and products via the USA and Canada has been immense over the years, decades.<br /><br /><br />Methods: 12 years independent research of available data<br /><br /><br />Results: I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood, dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc.<br /><br /><br />Conclusion: I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. Restricting the reporting of CJD and or any human TSE is NOT scientific. Iatrogenic CJD knows NO age group, TSE knows no boundaries. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge, Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the infected species, the source species, and then the route.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/14th_ICID_ISE_Abstracts.pdf">http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/14th_ICID_ISE_Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />International Society for Infectious Diseases Web:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.isid.org/">http://www.isid.org</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, February 14, 2010<br /><br />[Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html">http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />I ask Professor Kong ;<br /><br /><br />Thursday, December 04, 2008 3:37 PM Subject: RE: re--Chronic Wating Disease (CWD) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies (BSE): Public Health Risk Assessment<br /><br /><br />''IS the h-BSE more virulent than typical BSE as well, or the same as cBSE, or less virulent than cBSE?<br /><br />just curious.....<br /><br /><br />'' Professor Kong reply ;<br /><br />.....snip<br /><br /><br />''As to the H-BSE, we do not have sufficient data to say one way or another, but we have found that H-BSE can infect humans. I hope we could publish these data once the study is complete. Thanks for your interest.''<br /><br /><br />Best regards,<br /><br /><br />Qingzhong Kong, PhD Associate Professor Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 USA<br /><br /><br />END...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />P02.35<br /><br /><br />Molecular Features of the Protease-resistant Prion Protein (PrPres) in H-type BSE<br /><br /><br />Biacabe, A-G1; Jacobs, JG2; Gavier-Widén, D3; Vulin, J1; Langeveld, JPM2; Baron, TGM1 1AFSSA, France; 2CIDC-Lelystad, Netherlands; 3SVA, Sweden<br /><br /><br />Western blot analyses of PrPres accumulating in the brain of BSE-infected cattle have demonstrated 3 different molecular phenotypes regarding to the apparent molecular masses and glycoform ratios of PrPres bands. We initially described isolates (H-type BSE) essentially characterized by higher PrPres molecular mass and decreased levels of the diglycosylated PrPres band, in contrast to the classical type of BSE. This type is also distinct from another BSE phenotype named L-type BSE, or also BASE (for Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy), mainly characterized by a low representation of the diglycosylated PrPres band as well as a lower PrPres molecular mass. Retrospective molecular studies in France of all available BSE cases older than 8 years old and of part of the other cases identified since the beginning of the exhaustive surveillance of the disease in 20001 allowed to identify 7 H-type BSE cases, among 594 BSE cases that could be classified as classical, L- or H-type BSE. By Western blot analysis of H-type PrPres, we described a remarkable specific feature with antibodies raised against the C-terminal region of PrP that demonstrated the existence of a more C-terminal cleaved form of PrPres (named PrPres#2 ), in addition to the usual PrPres form (PrPres #1). In the unglycosylated form, PrPres #2 migrates at about 14 kDa, compared to 20 kDa for PrPres #1. The proportion of the PrPres#2 in cattle seems to by higher compared to the PrPres#1. Furthermore another PK–resistant fragment at about 7 kDa was detected by some more N-terminal antibodies and presumed to be the result of cleavages of both N- and C-terminal parts of PrP. These singular features were maintained after transmission of the disease to C57Bl/6 mice. The identification of these two additional PrPres fragments (PrPres #2 and 7kDa band) reminds features reported respectively in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome in humans.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2007/abstract_book.pdf">http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2007/abstract_book.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Archive Number 20100405.1091 Published Date 05-APR-2010 Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Prion disease update 1010 (04)<br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br />[Terry S. Singeltary Sr. has added the following comment:<br /><br /><br />"According to the World Health Organisation, the future public health threat of vCJD in the UK and Europe and potentially the rest of the world is of concern and currently unquantifiable. However, the possibility of a significant and geographically diverse vCJD epidemic occurring over the next few decades cannot be dismissed.<br /><br /><br />The key word here is diverse. What does diverse mean? If USA scrapie transmitted to USA bovine does not produce pathology as the UK c-BSE, then why would CJD from there look like UK vCJD?"<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/apex/f?p=2400:1001:568933508083034::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,82101">http://www.promedmail.org/pls/apex/f?p=2400:1001:568933508083034::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,82101</a><br /><br /><br />Prions: Protein Aggregation and Infectious Diseases<br /><br />ADRIANO AGUZZI AND ANNA MARIA CALELLA Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland<br /><br />3. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Approximately 85% of all human prion diseases are sporadic forms of CJD. For sCJD, there is no association with a mutant PRNP allele, nor is there any epidemiological evidence for exposure to a TSE agent through contact with people or animals infected with TSEs. sCJD cases are currently subclassified according to the methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the PRNP gene and the size and glycoform ratio of proteaseresistant prion protein identified on western blot (type 1 or type 2) (174). Heterozygosity (Met/Val) at PrP codon 129 appears to be associated with a lower risk (378) and/or prolonged incubation time (119, 387). The lack of routine laboratory testing for preclinical diagnosis makes the search for agent sources and other risk factors extremely difficult. At present, the means of acquisition of a TSE agent in these patients remains a mystery. So far, there is no evidence for spontaneous PrPSc formation in any animal or human TSE. In humans, the peak age incidence of sporadic CJD is 55–60 years. However, if spontaneous misfolding were the primary event, one might expect a continuously increasing incidence with age because more time would allow more opportunity for rare misfolding events.<br /><br />Physiol Rev • VOL 89 • OCTOBER 2009 • <a href="http://www.prv.org/">www.prv.org</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Perspectives BIOMEDICINE: A Fresh Look at BSE Bruce Chesebro*<br /><br />Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), is the cattle form of a family of progressive brain diseases. These diseases include scrapie in sheep, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk. They are also known as either "prion diseases" because of the association of a misfolded cellular prion protein in pathogenesis or "transmissible spongiform encephalopathies" (TSEs) because of the spongelike nature of the damaged brain tissue (1).<br /><br />The recent discovery of two BSE-infected cows, one in Canada and one in the United States, has dramatically increased concern in North America among meat producers and consumers alike over the extent to which BSE poses a threat to humans as well as to domestic and wild animals. The European BSE epidemic of the late-1980s seems to have been initiated a decade earlier in the United Kingdom by changes in the production of meat and bone meal (MBM) from rendered livestock, which led to contamination of MBM with the BSE infectious agent. Furthermore, the fact that UK farmers fed this rendered MBM to younger animals and that this MBM was distributed to many countries may have contributed to the ensuing BSE epidemic in the United Kingdom and internationally (2).<br /><br />Despite extensive knowledge about the spread of BSE through contaminated MBM, the source of BSE in Europe remains an unsolved mystery (2). It has been proposed that BSE could be derived from a cross-species infection, perhaps through contamination of MBM by scrapie-infected sheep tissues (see the figure). Alternatively, BSE may have been an endemic disease in cattle that went unnoticed because of its low level of horizontal transmission. Lastly, BSE might have originated by "spontaneous" misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein into the disease-associated abnormal isoform (3), which is postulated to be the infectious agent or "prion."<br /><br />Five possible sources of BSE in North American cattle. Sheep, deer, and elk could spread prion diseases (TSEs) to cattle through direct animal contact or contamination of pastures. Endemic BSE has not been proven to exist anywhere in the world, but it is difficult to exclude this possibility because of the inefficient spread of BSE infectivity between individual animals (2). BSE caused by spontaneous misfolding of the prion protein has not been proven. CREDIT: KATHARINE SUTLIFF/SCIENCE<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Nevertheless, the idea that BSE might originate due to the spontaneous misfolding of prion proteins has received renewed interest in the wake of reports suggesting the occurrence of atypical BSE (9-11). These results imply that new strains of cattle BSE might have originated separately from the main UK outbreak. Where and how might such strains have originated? Although such rare events cannot be studied directly, any number of sources of the original BSE strain could also explain the discovery of additional BSE strains in cattle (see the figure). However, it would be worrisome if spontaneous BSE were really a valid etiology because such a mechanism would be impossible to prevent--unlike other possible scenarios that could be controlled by large-scale eradication of TSE-positive animals.<br /><br />Another way to look at this problem is to examine evidence for possible spontaneous TSE disease in other animals besides cattle. Spontaneous BSE would be extremely difficult to detect in cattle, where horizontal spread is minimal. However, in the case of the sheep TSE disease, scrapie, which spreads from ewes to lambs at birth as well as between adults, spontaneous disease should be detectable as new foci of clinical infection. In the early 1950s scrapie was eradicated in both Australia and New Zealand, and the mainland of both these countries has remained scrapie-free ever since. This scrapie-free status is not the result of selection of sheep resistant to scrapie because sheep from New Zealand are as susceptible as their UK counterparts to experimental scrapie infection (12). These experiments of man and nature appear to indicate that spontaneous clinical scrapie does not occur in sheep. Similarly, because CWD is known to spread horizontally, the lack of CWD in the deer or elk of eastern North America but its presence in western regions would also argue against a spontaneous disease mechanism. This is particularly noteworthy in New Zealand, where there are large numbers of deer and elk farms and yet no evidence of spontaneous CWD. If spontaneous scrapie does not occur in sheep or deer, this would suggest that spontaneous forms of BSE and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are unlikely to be found in cattle or humans. The main caveat to this notion is that spontaneous disease may arise in some animal species but not others. In humans, sCJD--which is considered by some researchers to begin by spontaneous misfolding of the prion protein--usually takes more than 50 years to appear. Thus, in animals with a shorter life-span, such as sheep, deer, and cattle, an analogous disease mechanism might not have time to develop.<br /><br />What can we conclude so far about BSE in North America? Is the BSE detected in two North American cows sporadic or spontaneous or both? "Sporadic" pertains to the rarity of disease occurrence. "Spontaneous" pertains to a possible mechanism of origin of the disease. These are not equivalent terms. The rarity of BSE in North America qualifies it as a sporadic disease, but this low incidence does not provide information about cause. For the two reported North American BSE cases, exposure to contaminated MBM remains the most likely culprit. However, other mechanisms are still possible, including cross-infection by sheep with scrapie or cervids with CWD, horizontal transmission from cattle with endemic BSE, and spontaneous disease in individual cattle. Based on our understanding of other TSEs, the spontaneous mechanism is probably the least likely. Thus, "idiopathic" BSE--that is, BSE of unknown etiology--might be a better term to describe the origin of this malady. ...<br /><br />snip...full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;305/5692/1918">http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;305/5692/1918</a><br /><br /><br />Release No. 0106.04<br /><br />Contact: Office of Communications (202) 720-4623<br /><br />Transcript of Remarks From Technical Briefing on BSE and Related Issues With Agriculture Secretary Ann M. Veneman and USDA Chief Veterinary Officer Dr. Ron DeHaven Washington D.C. - March 15, 2004<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />OPERATOR : “Yes. Our next one is coming from Elizabeth Weiss. Please state your company.”<br /><br />ELIZABETH WEISS: “This is Elizabeth Weiss with USA Today.”<br /><br />“I actually had two questions. First off, when you say you're looking for 1 in 10,000 cases, is USDA doing any work to find out the possibility of whether or not BSE exists in a spontaneous form in the way that it does in humans and elk populations?<br /><br />“And secondly, how will any of this fit into some of the consternation that's been raised in California and with the Midwest packer that wanted to test all of its cattle?<br /><br />“Thanks.”<br /><br />DR. DEHAVEN: “All right. I think we've got three different questions in there, and I'll try to touch on each one of them.<br /><br />“First of all, let me correct just a technical issue, and that is you mentioned 1 in 10,000. And actually our surveillance system currently is designed, the one that we have in place now is designed to detect 1 positive in 1 million cattle, and I gave some numbers between 200,000 and 268,000 that would allow us to detect 1 in 10 million as opposed to 1 in 10,000.<br /><br />“So we would, if we were able to collect in the ballpark of those numbers of samples then we with increasing numbers of samples have an increasingly statistically valid sample from which to determine, one, whether or not the disease exists and, if so, at what prevalence level.<br /><br />“So our real emphasis is to test as many of those animals as we can, ensure that we get an appropriate geographical distribution, but not setting a specific number as far as a target. Again, consistent with the recommendation from the International Review Team, their recommendation was to test all of them.<br /><br />“So that's consistent with where we're going is to test as many as we possibly can.<br /><br />“As far as spontaneous cases, that is a very difficult issue. There is no evidence to prove that spontaneous BSE occurs in cattle; but here again it's an issue of proving a negative. We do know that CJD, the human version of the disease, does occur spontaneously in humans at the rate of about 1 in 1 million. We don't have enough data to definitively say that spontaneous cases of BSE in cattle occur or do not occur.<br /><br />“Again, it's a very difficult situation to prove a negative.<br /><br />“So a lot of research is ongoing. Certainly if we do come up with any positive samples in the course of this surveillance we will be looking at that question in evaluating those samples but no scientifically hard evidence to confirm or refute whether or not spontaneous cases of BSE occur.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&contentid=2004/03/0106.html">http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&contentid=2004/03/0106.html</a><br /><br /><br />UK TESTING FINISHED NEXT WEEK<br /><br />Matthews confirmed that the brain tissue samples from the US animal had arrived at Weybridge. Test results were likely to be ready by the end of next week, he said.<br /><br />The suspect animal has already undergone a series of tests. A rapid screening test on Nov. 15 returned inconclusive results. Sophisticated immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests cleared the animal of any infection, but a third round of testing using a Western blot procedure showed a "weak positive".<br /><br />Weybridge will do an IHC test plus three kinds of Western Blot tests on the samples. They will use "methods of slightly different analytical sensitivity that give us the greatest number of opportunities to interpret what we see," he said.<br /><br />US beef industry leaders say scientists should not speculate about the unusual case.<br /><br />"There's no evidence that it's atypical ... and there's absolutely no evidence that it's spontaneous," said Gary Weber, head of regulatory affairs at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.<br /><br />Matthews noted scientists are still grappling with what is typical and atypical BSE.<br /><br />"Far too few people have looked at BSE in depth using all of the tests to be able to define 'this is normal and that one isn't'," he said.<br /><br />Weber noted Japan used the term to describe two very young infected cattle because BSE is usually found in older animals. Italy labeled a case "atypical" because the misshaped prions were found in unexpected parts of the animal's brain. ...<br /><br />snip...end<br /><br /><a href="http://www.agobservatory.org/headlines.cfm?refID=73207">http://www.agobservatory.org/headlines.cfm?refID=73207</a><br /><br /><br />Friday, November 30, 2007<br /><br />CJD QUESTIONNAIRE USA CWRU AND CJD FOUNDATION<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Meeting of the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Committee On June 12, 2009 (TRANSCRIPT)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/TransmissibleSpongiformEncephalopathiesAdvisoryCommittee/UCM171810.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/TransmissibleSpongiformEncephalopathiesAdvisoryCommittee/UCM171810.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Meeting of the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Committee On June 12, 2009 (Singeltary submission)<br /><br /><a href="http://tseac.blogspot.com/2009/05/meeting-of-transmissible-spongiform.html">http://tseac.blogspot.com/2009/05/meeting-of-transmissible-spongiform.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Saturday, June 13, 2009<br /><br />Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html">http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, February 05, 2010<br /><br />New Variant Creutzfelt Jakob Disease case reports United States 2010 A Review<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2010/02/new-variant-creutzfelt-jakob-disease.html">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2010/02/new-variant-creutzfelt-jakob-disease.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Saturday, January 2, 2010<br /><br />Human Prion Diseases in the United States January 1, 2010 ***FINAL***<br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />my comments to PLosone here ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd&root=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd">http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?inReplyTo=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd&root=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fannotation%2F04ce2b24-613d-46e6-9802-4131e2bfa6fd</a><br /><br /><br /><br />USA DEAD STOCK DOWNER COWS AND TME<br /><br />Over the next 8-10 weeks, approximately 40% of all the adult mink on the farm died from TME.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />The rancher was a ''dead stock'' feeder using mostly (>95%) downer or dead dairy cattle...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030516051623/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf">http://web.archive.org/web/20030516051623/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PLEASE be aware, for 4 years, the USDA fed our children all across the Nation dead stock downer cows, the most high risk cattle for BSE aka mad cow disease and other dangerous pathogens. who will watch our children for CJD for the next 5+ decades ???<br /><br /><br />SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM FROM DOWNER CATTLE UPDATE<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://downercattle.blogspot.com/2009/05/who-will-watch-children.html">http://downercattle.blogspot.com/2009/05/who-will-watch-children.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://downercattle.blogspot.com/">http://downercattle.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />end...TSS<br /><br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br /><br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <flounder9@verizon.net><br /><br />To: "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease" <cjd-l@lists.aegee.org><br /><br />Cc: <bse-l@lists.aegee.org><br /><br />Sent: Friday, May 21, 2010 2:27 PM<br /><br />Subject: Re: [CJD-L] UPDATE - CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br />Helane Shields also wrote the Government about this case (Thanks), only to recieve the same BSe i got ;<br /><br />United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Washington. D.C. 20250 MAY 19, 2010<br /><br />hshields@worldpath.net<br /><br />Dear Sir or Madam:<br /><br />Thank you for your April 21, 2010, e-mail to the Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) regarding allegations that a former slaughterhouse worker died from variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD).<br /><br />FSIS is the public health regulatory agency in USDA responsible for ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products are safe, wholesome, and accurately labeled. FSIS enforces the Federal Meat Inspection Act, the Poultry Products Inspection Act, and the Egg Products Inspection Act, which require Federal inspection and regulation of meat, poultry, and processed egg products prepared for distribution in commerce for use as human food.<br /><br />FSIS 'has not been informed that this death resulted from an occupational exposure. You may wish to contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at cdcinfo@cdc.gov. We share your concerns about vCJD-a rare, degenerative, fatal brain disorder in humans. Although not scientifically proven, there is strong epidemiologic and laboratory data linking vCJD to the consumption of beef contaminated with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). For questions concerning vCJD, or any specific human disease, you may also wish to visit the CDC. Web site at http://www.cdc.gov. A fact sheet on vCJD is available at<br /><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd/factsheet_nvcjd.htm">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd/factsheet_nvcjd.htm</a> additional information at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd.<br /><br />You may also visit the World Health Organization (WHO) Web site at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs180/en/. WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. For more information on BSE, please visit the FSIS Web site at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_Mad_Cow_Disease/index.asp and <a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE/index.asp">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE/index.asp</a>.<br /><br /><br />Again, thank you for writing.<br /><br />Sincerely,<br /><br />David P. Goldman, M.D., M.P.H. Assistant Administrator Office of Public Health Science<br /><br />end...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, March 31, 2010<br /><br />Atypical BSE in Cattle<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html</a><br /><br /><br />Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy<br /><br /><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Monday, April 5, 2010<br /><br />Update on Feed Enforcement Activities to Limit the Spread of BSE April 5, 2010<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-on-feed-enforcement-activities.html">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-on-feed-enforcement-activities.html</a><br /><br /><br />TSS<br /><br />----- Original Message ----- From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <flounder9@verizon.net>To: <cjd-l@lists.aegee.org>Sent: Monday, April 05, 2010 1:53 PM Subject: [CJD-L] UPDATE - CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br />----- Original Message ----- From: Katie Glisic To: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Sent: Monday, April 05, 2010 7:39 AM Subject: Re: [cjdsurv] CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br />Dear Mr. Singelteary,<br /><br />Thank you for contacting the Center. We are aware of Ms. Andablo's case and are in the process of testing, however thank you very much for the enclosed information. As you are aware, there have been no confirmed cases of vCJD (Mad Cow) contracting in the United States. The Center has been testing and diagnosing cases of CJD for over 10 years and reporting our findings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of the two cases we have documented, neither was contracting in the US. One was contracted in the UK where cases of Mad Cow are known and one was contracted in Saudi Arabia.<br /><br />Please note, we also performed the testing on Ms. Vinson and her family is well informed of the diagnosis provided by the Center. The United States government as well as the USDA go to great lengths to ensure that the US beef consumed by our country is both safe and continually tested to prevent outbreaks of food born illnesses such as Mad Cow. Please rest assured that Dr. Gambetti and the rest of the Center's researchers work tirelessly to provide accurate diagnosis to families with loved ones suffering from CJD.<br /><br />On Fri, Apr 2, 2010 at 12:38 PM, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@verizon.net>wrote:<br /><br />Greetings Professor Gambetti Sir,<br /><br />A kind greetings from sunny Bacliff, Texas !<br /><br />Sadly, i thought i should pass this data to you. You are probably much aware of this, but it seems odd that no media has commented? also, the last suspect nvCJD case i remember here in the USA, it was the USDA that the so called 'confidentiality agreements between family', and came out officially first and over ruled the nvCJD and called in sporadic CJD, well, i don't think they ever even officially called it that, but Aretha N. Vinson family knows what she had, and PD Notebook won in the end ;<br /><br />Portsmouth woman did not die of mad cow-related condition, ___USDA___ says<br /><br />By Nancy Young The Virginian-Pilot © May 7, 2008<br /><br />(towards the end of this blog...tss)<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-atypical-bse.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-atypical-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br />Professor Gambetti Sir, Thank You for your continued work on TSE and all. ....<br /><br />Kindest Regard and very Respectfully,<br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518<br /><br />CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br />Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<<<br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas<br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas.She left 6 Kids and a Husband.The Purpose of this web is to give information in Spanish to the Hispanic community, and to all the community who want's information about this terrible disease.-<br /><br />Physician Discharge Summary, Parkland Hospital, Dallas Texas<br /><br />Admit Date: 12/29/2009 Discharge Date: 1/20/2010 Attending Provider: Greenberg, Benjamin Morris; General Neurology Team: General Neurology Team<br /><br />Linda was a Hispanic female with no past medical history presents with 14 months of incresing/progressive altered mental status, generalized weakness, inability to walk, loss of appetite, inability to speak, tremor and bowel/blader incontinence.She was, in her usual state of health up until February, 2009, when her husbans notes that she began forgetting things like names and short term memories. He also noticed mild/vague personality changes such as increased aggression. In March, she was involved in a hit and run MVA,although she was not injured. The police tracked her down and ticketed her. At that time, her son deployed to Iraq with the Army and her husband assumed her mentation changes were due to stress over these two events. Also in March, she began to have weakness in her legs, making it difficult to walk. Over the next few months, her mentation and personality changes worsened, getting to a point where she could no longer recognized her children. She was eating less and less. She was losing more weight. In the last 2-3 months, she reached the point where she could not walk without an assist, then 1 month ago, she stopped talking, only making grunting/aggressive sounds when anyone came near her. She also became both bowel and bladder incontinent, having to wear diapers. Her '"tremor'" and body jerks worsened and her hands assumed a sort of permanent grip position, leading her family to put tennis balls in her hands to protect her fingers.<br /><br />The husband says that they have lived in Nebraska for the past 21 years. They had seen a doctor there during the summer time who prescribed her Seroquel and Lexapro, Thinking these were sx of a mood disorder. However, the medications did not help and she continued to deteriorate clinically. Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. The husband says that he does not know any fellow workers with a similar illness. He also says that she did not have any preceeding illness or travel.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8</a><br /><br /><br /><br />>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<<<br /><br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo, victima de CJD<br /><br />"...padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico, Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010" Irma Linda Martinez nació en el pueblo de Batesville Texas un 17 de mayo de 1971, padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico (mal de la vaca loca conocido en español) Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010. A continuación describiremos datos de su padecimiento: Se casó a la edad de 16 años con Everardo Andablo (Lalo) ella residió en Lexington Nebraska, desde ese entonces, trabajó aproximadamente 11 años en una compañia de matanza de vacas y procesadora de carne (Tyson) ella trabajaba en el rastro o el área de matanza, para el 2008 ella trabajaba como agente de seguridad para esta misma compañia, para ese entonces ella empezó a presentar cambios en su vida, su próximo trabajo fue en Subway dentro de una tienda comercial, donde los cambios de salud empezaron a ser muy notorios pues empezó a perder mucho peso, de 237 L de su peso normal empezó perdiendo 24 L en menos de un mes, esto era sorprendente!!! fué entonces cuando dejó el trabajo en febrero del 2009, de repente empezó a olvidar datos importantes. La siguiente información es una traducción pertenece al comunicado que el equipo de neurologia del hospital Parkland en la ciudad de Dallas Texas liberó a su salida, después de haber estado internada del 29 de diciembre del 2009 a enero 20 del 2010, en este comunicado se encuentra el historial tanto médico como de sintomas presentados en Linda: Physician Discharge Summary : (traducido y adaptado) "...Mujer de 38 años presento 10 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfínteres, ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos" "El 29 de Diciembre del 2009 Fué admitida en el Hospital Parkland de Dallas por demencia de acuerdo a los síntomas de presentaba, Mujer de 38 años presentó 14 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfinteres. Ella empezó a olvidar los nombres de las personas que la rodeaban, datos importantes personales, también presentó algunos cambios de personalidad como incremento de agresión.Para el mes de Marzo del 2008 ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos (6 hijos), ella cada vez comia menos, cada vez perdia más peso.Para el tiempo que ella arrivo a Dallas para la navidad del 2009 ella no caminaba en lo absoluto, no hablaba solo hacia sonidos agresivos cuando alguien se acercaba a ella, el temblor en sus manos empezó a ser más fuerte, sus manos solo tenian posición de sostener algo fuerte, ella siempre.<br /><br /><br />Read more...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />"...padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico, Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010"<br /><br />Irma Linda Martinez nació en el pueblo de Batesville Texas un 17 de mayo de 1971, padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico (mal de la vaca loca conocido en español) Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010.<br /><br />A continuación describiremos datos de su padecimiento:<br /><br />Se casó a la edad de 16 años con Everardo Andablo (Lalo) ella residió en Lexington Nebraska, desde ese entonces, trabajó aproximadamente 11 años en una compañia de matanza de vacas y procesadora de carne (Tyson) ella trabajaba en el rastro o el área de matanza, para el 2008 ella trabajaba como agente de seguridad para esta misma compañia, para ese entonces ella empezó a presentar cambios en su vida, su próximo trabajo fue en Subway dentro de una tienda comercial, donde los cambios de salud empezaron a ser muy notorios pues empezó a perder mucho peso, de 237 L de su peso normal empezó perdiendo 24 L en menos de un mes, esto era sorprendente!!! fué entonces cuando dejó el trabajo en febrero del 2009, de repente empezó a olvidar datos importantes.<br /><br />La siguiente información es una traducción pertenece al comunicado que el equipo de neurologia del hospital Parkland en la ciudad de Dallas Texas liberó a su salida, después de haber estado internada del 29 de diciembre del 2009 a enero 20 del 2010, en este comunicado se encuentra el historial tanto médico como de sintomas presentados en Linda:<br /><br />Physician Discharge Summary : (traducido y adaptado)<br /><br />"...Mujer de 38 años presento 10 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfínteres, ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos"<br /><br />"El 29 de Diciembre del 2009 Fué admitida en el Hospital Parkland de Dallas por demencia de acuerdo a los síntomas de presentaba, Mujer de 38 años presentó 14 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfinteres. Ella empezó a olvidar los nombres de las personas que la rodeaban, datos importantes personales, también presentó algunos cambios de personalidad como incremento de agresión.Para el mes de Marzo del 2008 ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos (6 hijos), ella cada vez comia menos, cada vez perdia más peso.Para el tiempo que ella arrivo a Dallas para la navidad del 2009 ella no caminaba en lo absoluto, no hablaba solo hacia sonidos agresivos cuando alguien se acercaba a ella, el temblor en sus manos empezó a ser más fuerte, sus manos solo tenian posición de sostener algo fuerte, ella siempre portaba pelotas pequeñas para que no se lastimara con sus propias uñas"<br /><br />En terminos Médicos ella prensento un desorden mental con ansiedad y pérdida del habla y contracciones en los musculos que la inmobilizaba. Esto llevo a los médicos a predecir el diagnostico de CJD esporádico o variante, después de reuniones familiares se llego al acuerdo de no proseguir con los exámenes indicados como una biopsia cerebral debido al estado de debilidad y gravedad de ella, pues peligraba su vida y por consiguiente peligraban los médicos que le aplicarian el exámen ya que es demasiado contagioso.<br /><br />Ella fué dada de alta con el diagnostico de CJD Esporádico, sin medicamento y con pocas esperanzas y semanas de vida.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:frontpage&catid=1:frontpage">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:frontpage&catid=1:frontpage</a><br /><br /><br /><br />please see full text ;<br /><br />Monday, March 29, 2010<br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />YOU can be assured they are squirming behind closed doors, and that they are doing there best to squirm right out of this one. they will come up with something, international travel long ago, or some strange PRNP mutation that they might say like sporadic ffi ??? or a case of atypical case of inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) ??? they will make up something. but it will be anything but BSE related here in the USA, in my opinion. sporadic FFI, or sporadic GSS, or sporadic inherited CJD is an oxymoron. it's either familial or not. or even this new novel human disease known as Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy (PSPr), they might come up with that. if they cannot do this, it will be an occupational TSE infection, whether they want to admit it or not. and they don't admit those to often, they cover them up. just like that Spanish Doctor that handled cjd infected tissue. but we never heard nothing about that one either ;<br /><br />Investigator succumbs to CJD THE head of Pathological Anatomy at Principe de Asturias hospital in Alcala de Henares, Dr Antonio Ruiz Villaescusa, has died from Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease. It is believed that Dr Ruiz, a specialist in CJD, contracted the disease after exposure to tissue from infected patients.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html">http://www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:MfWnPKrMDEwJ:www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html+Principe+de+Asturias+in+Alcala+de+Henares+cjd&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us">http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:MfWnPKrMDEwJ:www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html+Principe+de+Asturias+in+Alcala+de+Henares+cjd&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us</a><br /><br /><br /><br />To date the OIE/WAHO assumes that the human and animal health standards set out in the BSE chapter for classical BSE (C-Type) applies to all forms of BSE which include the H-type and L-type atypical forms. This assumption is scientifically not completely justified and accumulating evidence suggests that this may in fact not be the case. Molecular characterization and the spatial distribution pattern of histopathologic lesions and immunohistochemistry (IHC) signals are used to identify and characterize atypical BSE. Both the L-type and H-type atypical cases display significant differences in the conformation and spatial accumulation of the disease associated prion protein (PrPSc) in brains of afflicted cattle. Transmission studies in bovine transgenic and wild type mouse models support that the atypical BSE types might be unique strains because they have different incubation times and lesion profiles when compared to C-type BSE. When L-type BSE was inoculated into ovine transgenic mice and Syrian hamster the resulting molecular fingerprint had changed, either in the first or a subsequent passage, from L-type into C-type BSE. In addition, non-human primates are specifically susceptible for atypical BSE as demonstrated by an approximately 50% shortened incubation time for L-type BSE as compared to C-type. Considering the current scientific information available, it cannot be assumed that these different BSE types pose the same human health risks as C-type BSE or that these risks are mitigated by the same protective measures.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prionetcanada.ca/detail.aspx?menu=5&dt=293380&app=93&cat1=387&tp=20&lk=no&cat2">http://www.prionetcanada.ca/detail.aspx?menu=5&dt=293380&app=93&cat1=387&tp=20&lk=no&cat2</a><br /><br /><br /><br />please see full text ;<br /><br />Wednesday, March 31, 2010<br /><br />Atypical BSE in Cattle<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, March 28, 2010<br /><br />Nor-98 atypical Scrapie, atypical BSE, spontaneous TSE, trade policy, sound science ?<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-atypical-bse.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-atypical-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />*****URGENT NOTE HERE ABOUT OIE AND THEIR JUNK SCIENCE ABOUT ATYPICAL BSE*****<br /><br />Wednesday, March 31, 2010<br /><br />Atypical BSE in Cattle<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD SURVEILLANCE TEXAS<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Monday, April 5, 2010<br /><br />UPDATE - CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-12120260986647277742010-03-29T20:41:00.000-05:002010-03-31T14:22:03.244-05:00CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTERURGENT, PLEASE NOTE ;<br /><br /><br />>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<<<br /><br /><br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas.<br /><br /><br />She left 6 Kids and a Husband.The Purpose of this web is to give information in Spanish to the Hispanic community, and to all the community who want's information about this terrible disease.- Physician Discharge Summary, Parkland Hospital, Dallas Texas Admit Date: 12/29/2009 Discharge Date: 1/20/2010 Attending Provider: Greenberg, Benjamin Morris; General Neurology Team: General Neurology Team Linda was a Hispanic female with no past medical history presents with 14 months of incresing/progressive altered mental status, generalized weakness, inability to walk, loss of appetite, inability to speak, tremor and bowel/blader incontinence. She was, in her usual state of health up until February, 2009, when her husbans notes that she began forgetting things like names and short term memories. He also noticed mild/vague personality changes such as increased aggression. In March, she was involved in a hit and run MVA,although she was not injured. The police tracked her down and ticketed her. At that time, her son deployed to Iraq with the Army and her husband assumed her mentation changes were due to stress over these two events. Also in March, she began to have weakness in her legs, making it difficult to walk. Over the next few months, her mentation and personality changes worsened, getting to a point where she could no longer recognized her children. She was eating less and less. She was losing more weight. In the last 2-3 months, she reached the point where she could not walk without an assist, then 1 month ago, she stopped talking, only making grunting/aggressive sounds when anyone came near her. She also became both bowel and bladder incontinent, having to wear diapers. Her '"tremor'" and body jerks worsened and her hands assumed a sort of permanent grip position, leading her family to put tennis balls in her hands to protect her fingers. The husband says that they have lived in Nebraska for the past 21 years. They had seen a doctor there during the summer time who prescribed her Seroquel and Lexapro, Thinking these were sx of a mood disorder. However, the medications did not help and she continued to deteriorate clinically. Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. The husband says that he does not know any fellow workers with a similar illness. He also says that she did not have any preceeding illness or travel.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo, victima de CJD<br /><br />"...padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico, Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010" Irma Linda Martinez nació en el pueblo de Batesville Texas un 17 de mayo de 1971, padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico (mal de la vaca loca conocido en español) Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010. A continuación describiremos datos de su padecimiento: Se casó a la edad de 16 años con Everardo Andablo (Lalo) ella residió en Lexington Nebraska, desde ese entonces, trabajó aproximadamente 11 años en una compañia de matanza de vacas y procesadora de carne (Tyson) ella trabajaba en el rastro o el área de matanza, para el 2008 ella trabajaba como agente de seguridad para esta misma compañia, para ese entonces ella empezó a presentar cambios en su vida, su próximo trabajo fue en Subway dentro de una tienda comercial, donde los cambios de salud empezaron a ser muy notorios pues empezó a perder mucho peso, de 237 L de su peso normal empezó perdiendo 24 L en menos de un mes, esto era sorprendente!!! fué entonces cuando dejó el trabajo en febrero del 2009, de repente empezó a olvidar datos importantes. La siguiente información es una traducción pertenece al comunicado que el equipo de neurologia del hospital Parkland en la ciudad de Dallas Texas liberó a su salida, después de haber estado internada del 29 de diciembre del 2009 a enero 20 del 2010, en este comunicado se encuentra el historial tanto médico como de sintomas presentados en Linda: Physician Discharge Summary : (traducido y adaptado) "...Mujer de 38 años presento 10 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfínteres, ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos" "El 29 de Diciembre del 2009 Fué admitida en el Hospital Parkland de Dallas por demencia de acuerdo a los síntomas de presentaba, Mujer de 38 años presentó 14 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfinteres. Ella empezó a olvidar los nombres de las personas que la rodeaban, datos importantes personales, también presentó algunos cambios de personalidad como incremento de agresión.Para el mes de Marzo del 2008 ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos (6 hijos), ella cada vez comia menos, cada vez perdia más peso.Para el tiempo que ella arrivo a Dallas para la navidad del 2009 ella no caminaba en lo absoluto, no hablaba solo hacia sonidos agresivos cuando alguien se acercaba a ella, el temblor en sus manos empezó a ser más fuerte, sus manos solo tenian posición de sostener algo fuerte, ella siempre... Read more...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/</a><br /><br /><br />"...padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico, Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010"<br /><br />Irma Linda Martinez nació en el pueblo de Batesville Texas un 17 de mayo de 1971, padeció durante un año de CJD Esporádico (mal de la vaca loca conocido en español) Falleció a la edad de 38 años en la ciudad de Mesquite Texas un 6 de Febrero del año 2010.<br /><br />A continuación describiremos datos de su padecimiento:<br /><br />Se casó a la edad de 16 años con Everardo Andablo (Lalo) ella residió en Lexington Nebraska, desde ese entonces, trabajó aproximadamente 11 años en una compañia de matanza de vacas y procesadora de carne (Tyson) ella trabajaba en el rastro o el área de matanza, para el 2008 ella trabajaba como agente de seguridad para esta misma compañia, para ese entonces ella empezó a presentar cambios en su vida, su próximo trabajo fue en Subway dentro de una tienda comercial, donde los cambios de salud empezaron a ser muy notorios pues empezó a perder mucho peso, de 237 L de su peso normal empezó perdiendo 24 L en menos de un mes, esto era sorprendente!!! fué entonces cuando dejó el trabajo en febrero del 2009, de repente empezó a olvidar datos importantes.<br /><br />La siguiente información es una traducción pertenece al comunicado que el equipo de neurologia del hospital Parkland en la ciudad de Dallas Texas liberó a su salida, después de haber estado internada del 29 de diciembre del 2009 a enero 20 del 2010, en este comunicado se encuentra el historial tanto médico como de sintomas presentados en Linda:<br /><br />Physician Discharge Summary : (traducido y adaptado)<br /><br />"...Mujer de 38 años presento 10 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfínteres, ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos"<br /><br />"El 29 de Diciembre del 2009 Fué admitida en el Hospital Parkland de Dallas por demencia de acuerdo a los síntomas de presentaba, Mujer de 38 años presentó 14 meses de una estado mental progresivo y alterado, con debilidad general, temblor, inhabilidad para caminar, para hablar, con pérdida de apetito e incontinencia de esfinteres. Ella empezó a olvidar los nombres de las personas que la rodeaban, datos importantes personales, también presentó algunos cambios de personalidad como incremento de agresión.Para el mes de Marzo del 2008 ella empezó a mostrar debilidad en las piernas, durante los siguientes meses su estado mental se agravó al tanto que ella no conoció más a sus propios hijos (6 hijos), ella cada vez comia menos, cada vez perdia más peso.Para el tiempo que ella arrivo a Dallas para la navidad del 2009 ella no caminaba en lo absoluto, no hablaba solo hacia sonidos agresivos cuando alguien se acercaba a ella, el temblor en sus manos empezó a ser más fuerte, sus manos solo tenian posición de sostener algo fuerte, ella siempre portaba pelotas pequeñas para que no se lastimara con sus propias uñas"<br /><br />En terminos Médicos ella prensento un desorden mental con ansiedad y pérdida del habla y contracciones en los musculos que la inmobilizaba. Esto llevo a los médicos a predecir el diagnostico de CJD esporádico o variante, después de reuniones familiares se llego al acuerdo de no proseguir con los exámenes indicados como una biopsia cerebral debido al estado de debilidad y gravedad de ella, pues peligraba su vida y por consiguiente peligraban los médicos que le aplicarian el exámen ya que es demasiado contagioso.<br /><br />Ella fué dada de alta con el diagnostico de CJD Esporádico, sin medicamento y con pocas esperanzas y semanas de vida.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:frontpage&catid=1:frontpage">http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:frontpage&catid=1:frontpage</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />>>> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she would euthanize the cattle. <<<<br /><br /><br />you can be assured they are squirming behind closed doors, and that they are doing there best to squirm right out of this one. they will come up with something, international travel long ago, or some strange PRNP mutation that they might say like sporadic ffi ??? or a case of atypical case of inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) ??? they will make up something. but it will be anything but BSE related here in the USA, in my opinion. sporadic FFI, or sporadic GSS, or sporadic inherited CJD is an oxymoron. it's either familial or not. or even this new novel human disease known as Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy (PSPr), they might come up with that. if they cannot do this, it will be an occupational TSE infection, whether they want to admit it or not. and they don't admit those to often, they cover them up. just like that Spanish Doctor that handled cjd infected tissue. but we never heard nothing about that one either ;<br /><br /><br />Investigator succumbs to CJD THE head of Pathological Anatomy at Principe de Asturias hospital in Alcala de Henares, Dr Antonio Ruiz Villaescusa, has died from Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease. It is believed that Dr Ruiz, a specialist in CJD, contracted the disease after exposure to tissue from infected patients.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html">http://www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:MfWnPKrMDEwJ:www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html+Principe+de+Asturias+in+Alcala+de+Henares+cjd&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us">http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:MfWnPKrMDEwJ:www.euroweeklynews.com/news_spanish_press.html+Principe+de+Asturias+in+Alcala+de+Henares+cjd&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, August 12, 2008<br /><br /><br />Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Fifth Edition 2007 (occupational exposure to prion diseases)<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/biosafety-in-microbiological-and.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/biosafety-in-microbiological-and.html</a><br /><br /><br />TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, February 24, 2010<br /><br /><br /><br />Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America 14th ICID International Scientific Exchange Brochure -<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />TSE<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, March 28, 2010<br /><br /><br />Nor-98 atypical Scrapie, atypical BSE, spontaneous TSE, trade policy, sound science ?<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-atypical-bse.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-atypical-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />DEEP THROAT TO TSS 2000-2001 (take these old snips of emails with how ever many grains of salt you wish. ...tss)<br /><br />The most frightening thing I have read all day is the report of Gambetti's finding of a new strain of sporadic cjd in young people...Dear God, what in the name of all that is holy is that!!! If the US has different strains of scrapie.....why????than the UK...then would the same mechanisms that make different strains of scrapie here make different strains of BSE...if the patterns are different in sheep and mice for scrapie.....could not the BSE be different in the cattle, in the mink, in the humans.......I really think the slides or tissues and everything from these young people with the new strain of sporadic cjd should be put up to be analyzed by many, many experts in cjd........bse.....scrapie Scrape the damn slide and put it into mice.....wait.....chop up the mouse brain and and spinal cord........put into some more mice.....dammit amplify the thing and start the damned research.....This is NOT rocket science...we need to use what we know and get off our butts and move....the whining about how long everything takes.....well it takes a whole lot longer if you whine for a year and then start the research!!! Not sure where I read this but it was a recent press release or something like that: I thought I would fall out of my chair when I read about how there was no worry about infectivity from a histopath slide or tissues because they are preserved in formic acid, or formalin or formaldehyde.....for God's sake........ Ask any pathologist in the UK what the brain tissues in the formalin looks like after a year.......it is a big fat sponge...the agent continues to eat the brain ......you can't make slides anymore because the agent has never stopped........and the old slides that are stained with Hemolysin and Eosin......they get holier and holier and degenerate and continue...what you looked at 6 months ago is not there........Gambetti better be photographing every damned thing he is looking at.....<br /><br />Okay, you need to know. You don't need to pass it on as nothing will come of it and there is not a damned thing anyone can do about it. Don't even hint at it as it will be denied and laughed at.......... USDA is gonna do as little as possible until there is actually a human case in the USA of the nvcjd........if you want to move this thing along and shake the earth....then we gotta get the victims families to make sure whoever is doing the autopsy is credible, trustworthy, and a saint with the courage of Joan of Arc........I am not kidding!!!! so, unless we get a human death from EXACTLY the same form with EXACTLY the same histopath lesions as seen in the UK nvcjd........forget any action........it is ALL gonna be sporadic!!!<br /><br />And, if there is a case.......there is gonna be every effort to link it to international travel, international food, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. They will go so far as to find out if a sex partner had ever traveled to the UK/europe, etc. etc. .... It is gonna be a long, lonely, dangerous twisted journey to the truth. They have all the cards, all the money, and are willing to threaten and carry out those threats....and this may be their biggest downfall...<br /><br />Thanks as always for your help. (Recently had a very startling revelation from a rather senior person in government here..........knocked me out of my chair........you must keep pushing. If I was a power person....I would be demanding that there be a least a million bovine tested as soon as possible and agressively seeking this disease. The big players are coming out of the woodwork as there is money to be made!!! In short: "FIRE AT WILL"!!! for the very dumb....who's "will"! "Will be the burden to bare if there is any coverup!"<br /><br />again it was said years ago and it should be taken seriously....BSE will NEVER be found in the US! As for the BSE conference call...I think you did a great service to freedom of information and making some people feign integrity...I find it scary to see that most of the "experts" are employed by the federal government or are supported on the "teat" of federal funds. A scary picture! I hope there is a confidential panel organized by the new government to really investigate this thing.<br /><br />You need to watch your back........but keep picking at them.......like a buzzard to the bone...you just may get to the truth!!! (You probably have more support than you know. Too many people are afraid to show you or let anyone else know. I have heard a few things myself... you ask the questions that everyone else is too afraid to ask.)<br /><br />snip...end<br /><br /><br />CJD SURVEILLANCE TEXAS<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD USA RISING, with UNKNOWN PHENOTYPE ;<br /><br />5 Includes 41 cases in which the diagnosis is pending, and 17 inconclusive cases; 6 Includes 46 cases with type determination pending in which the diagnosis of vCJD has been excluded.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Saturday, January 2, 2010<br /><br />Human Prion Diseases in the United States January 1, 2010 ***FINAL***<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/01/human-prion-diseases-in-united-states.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, August 12, 2008<br /><br />Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Fifth Edition 2007<br />(occupational exposure to prion diseases)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/biosafety-in-microbiological-and.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/biosafety-in-microbiological-and.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, March 16, 2010<br /><br /><br />Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents: Safe Working and the Prevention of Infection: Part 4 REVISED FEB. 2010<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Monday, March 29, 2010<br /><br />Irma Linda Andablo CJD Victim, she died at 38 years old on February 6, 2010 in Mesquite Texas<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/irma-linda-andablo-cjd-victim-she-died.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br />P.O. Box 42<br />Bacliff, Texas USA 77518Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-11499844058763069192009-10-23T11:55:00.000-05:002009-10-23T11:57:58.831-05:00Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008<br /><br />A total of 119 people died from CJD during 2000-2008. Texas has had one variant CJD case. Investigators have concluded that the patient was a former resident of the UK where exposure was likely to have occurred.<br /><br />CJD cases* in Texas by gender and age 2000–2008†<br /><br />Characteristics 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total<br /><br />Gender Male 10 8 3 6 10 7 7 5 8 64<br /><br />Female 4 6 4 10 3 8 2 9 8 54<br /><br />Age (years)<br /><br />< 55 3 0 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 26<br /><br />≥ 55 11 14 4 12 10 11 6 11 13 92<br /><br />* based on data as of March 30, 2009<br /><br />† Includes cases of possible, probable and confirmed sporadic CJD and confirmed familial CJD<br /><br /><a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Reporting Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br />Several Texas laws (Tex. Health & Safety Code, Chapters 81, 84 and 87) require specific information regarding notifiable conditions be provided to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). Health care providers, hospitals, laboratories, schools, and others are required to report patients who are suspected of having a notifiable condition (25 Tex. Admin. Code §97.2 ).<br /><br />Report Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) within one week. Reporting Forms >><br /><br /><a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/investigation/forms/CJD.pdf">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/investigation/forms/CJD.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD became a notifiable condition in 1998 in Texas. Suspected cases of CJD should be reported to local health departments by dialing 1-800-705-8868.<br /><br />In September 1997, the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC) was established at the Division of Neuropathology of Case Western Reserve University to, among other functions, assist clinicians in the diagnosis of prion disease. The NPDPSC assists clinicians by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and brain tissue. Information about diagnostic services, protocols for various CJD testing, and specimen submission can be obtained at<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com</a><br /><br />or by contacting the director, Dr. Pierluigi Gambetti or staff at the Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Road, Room 419, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Phone, 216/368-0587; Fax, 216/368-4090; E-mail, <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000261/!x-usc:mailto:cjdsurv@po.cwru.edu">cjdsurv@po.cwru.edu</a> .<br /><br />Physicians are strongly encouraged to confirm the diagnosis of CJD by arranging for an autopsy following the death of the person suspected of having CJD. This is especially important if the person had an onset at age less than 55. Please contact the center above for assistance or specimen submission.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/reporting/">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/reporting/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Have There Been Any Cases of “Mad Cow Disease” in the United States? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or “mad cow disease” is a disease specific to cattle. There have been three cases of BSE in cattle identified in the United States. The first case of BSE was identified in Washington State (2002) and the cow was found to have been imported from Canada. In 2004 BSE was identified in a Texas-born cow representing the first native case in the United States. A second native case was reported in an Alabama bovine in 2006.<br /><br /><br />Have There Been Any Cases of Variant CJD in the United States? Yes, there have been three cases of variant CJD identified in humans in the United States. The first case-patient was born in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and lived there until relocating to Florida in 1995. Onset of symptoms began in 2001 and the patient died in 2004. The second case–patient was born and raised in England before moving to Texas in 2001. Symptoms began in 2005 and were confirmed neuropathologically (by autopsy) in 2006 by experts in the United Kingdom. Both the first and second case-patients are believed to have been exposed to the BSE agent while residing in the United Kingdom during the defined period of risk (1980–1996). The third case–patient was born and raised in Saudi Arabia and resided in the United States since 2005. Variant CJD was neuropathologically confirmed by biopsy in 2006. Investigators believe that exposure most likely occurred from consumption of contaminated cattle while residing in Saudi Arabia as a child.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/faqs/">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/faqs/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Monday, October 19, 2009<br /><br />Atypical BSE, BSE, and other human and animal TSE in North America Update October 19, 2009<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, November 30, 2007<br /><br />CJD QUESTIONNAIRE USA CWRU AND CJD FOUNDATION<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Northeast Texas,<br /><br />J.A. Rawlings,*1 K.A. Hendricks1, O.M. Nuno1, D.A. Brown1, D.A. Evans2, Texas Department of Health, 1Austin and 2Tyler, Texas<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is caused by prions composed of proteinaceous material devoid of nucleic acid. CJD occurs sporadically (generally 1 case/1,000,000 population per year) in older patients (average age of 65) and is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, accompanied by severe muscle spasms and incoordination. Death usually occurs within 3 to 12 months (average 7 months). CJD activity in Texas, which has a population of nearly 19 million, appeared to be typical. The statewide death rate for 1995 and 1996 was just under 1/1,000,000. In April of 1997, the Texas Department of Health became aware of an increased number of possible CJD cases in a 23-county area of NE Texas with a population of just over one million. After review of medical and pathology records, four patients were identified with definite classic CJD and three were identified with probable CJD. Dates of death for the eight patients were from April, 1996 through mid-July 1997. The patients were from 46 through 65 years of age; four were male and three were female. A case-control study to identify risks for CJD in NE Texas has been initiated.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm">http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, December 16, 2007<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas 2000-2006<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2007/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, August 11, 2009<br /><br />Characteristics of Established and Proposed Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Variants<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/characteristics-of-established-and.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/characteristics-of-established-and.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Saturday, June 13, 2009<br /><br />Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html">http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-328808465720638292008-11-21T10:38:00.000-06:002009-11-06T16:41:24.816-06:00Amarillo-area (suspect sporadic CJD) case linked to mad cow disease Rumor in TexasFriday, November 21, 2008<br />Amarillo-area (suspect sporadic CJD) case linked to mad cow disease Rumor in Texas<br /><br />Web-posted Friday, November 21, 2008<br />Rumors rock cattle market<br />Amarillo-area case linked to mad cow disease<br />By Kevin Welchkevin.welch@amarillo.com<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />.yahooBuzzBadge a span span { display:inline!important; top:auto!important; }<br /><br />yahooBuzzArticleId = window.location.href;<br /><br /><br />Rumors linking mad cow disease and Amarillo stung national cattle markets this week<br /><br /><br />The Reuters news agency reported cattle futures "plummeted" Wednesday at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange after rumors spread about mad cow disease returning to the U.S. and a woman "being treated for the disease in an Amarillo hospital." Local health officials are instead looking at an "unconfirmed, suspect case" of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the human equivalent of mad cow.<br /><br />"I can only confirm the patient resides in our jurisdiction," said Matt Richardson, director of public health covering Potter and Randall counties. "We don't have enough information to classify this as CJD. It's a difficult disease to confirm."<br /><br />An e-mail Thursday from Texas Cattle Feeders Association President and CEO Ross Wilson told members of the group, "Unfortunately, rumors about this situation circulated at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and trade was affected."<br /><br />The December futures contract for fed cattle fell almost $3 to $84.20 per 100 pounds, perhaps in part due to the rumors of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly called mad cow disease.<br /><br />"The rumor was started, and it's totally unfounded, that there were cattle with BSE in Texas," said Ted McCollum, beef cattle specialist with the Amarillo office of Texas AgriLife Extension. "It appears to have been started as a result of a patient being treated in a Central Texas hospital who has sporadic CJD. My concern is the rumors are trying to link that to BSE."<br /><br />CJD comes in several forms, only one of which is caused by eating tissue from cattle infected with BSE. The sporadic version of CJD is not caused by eating tainted meat and cannot be confirmed except by a brain tissue sample, usually only taken during an autopsy.<br /><br />Richardson declined to confirm or deny that the Central Texas case involved a Panhandle resident.<br /><br />State health officials said there have been no confirmed cases of CJD in the Panhandle during the past month. They declined comment on unconfirmed cases.<br /><br />"There could be some cases we're looking at, but we wouldn't be speaking on them because it would be speculation," said Carrie Williams, assistant press officer for the Texas Department of State Health Services.<br /><br />From 2000 to 2007, there were two to four confirmed or probable cases of the human disease in Randall County and none in Potter County, according to information from State Health Services.<br /><br />There are no reported cases of the cattle disease in the U.S.<br /><br />"We have nothing pending. We checked, and there's nothing going on," said Carla Everett, public information officer at the Texas Animal Health Commission.<br /><br /><br />http://www.amarillo.com/stories/112108/new_11821901.shtml<br /><br /><br />no mad cow disease in Texas ??? ever ???<br /><br />sporadic CJD not related to mad cow disease ???<br /><br />all 6+ strains of the sporadic cjd's ???<br /><br />prove it !<br /><br />and on the contrary, let the facts speak for themselves.<br /><br />please remember, in TEXAS, we cover-up mad cow disease ;<br /><br /><br />FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Statement May 4, 2004 Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA<br /><br />Statement on Texas Cow With Central Nervous System Symptoms<br /><br />On Friday, April 30 th , the Food and Drug Administration learned that a cow with central nervous system symptoms had been killed and shipped to a processor for rendering into animal protein for use in animal feed.<br /><br />FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the slaughterhouse.<br /><br />FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA.<br /><br />Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows, goats, sheep, bison).<br /><br />FDA is sending a letter to the firm summarizing its findings and informing the firm that FDA will not object to use of this material in swine feed only. If it is not used in swine feed, this material will be destroyed. Pigs have been shown not to be susceptible to BSE. If the firm agrees to use the material for swine feed only, FDA will track the material all the way through the supply chain from the processor to the farm to ensure that the feed is properly monitored and used only as feed for pigs.<br /><br />To protect the U.S. against BSE, FDA works to keep certain mammalian protein out of animal feed for cattle and other ruminant animals. FDA established its animal feed rule in 1997 after the BSE epidemic in the U.K. showed that the disease spreads by feeding infected ruminant protein to cattle.<br /><br />Under the current regulation, the material from this Texas cow is not allowed in feed for cattle or other ruminant animals. FDA's action specifying that the material go only into swine feed means also that it will not be fed to poultry.<br /><br />FDA is committed to protecting the U.S. from BSE and collaborates closely with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on all BSE issues. The animal feed rule provides crucial protection against the spread of BSE, but it is only one of several such firewalls. FDA will soon be improving the animal feed rule, to make this strong system even stronger.<br /><br />####<br /><br />http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2004/new01061.html<br /><br /><br />Texas BSE Investigation Final Epidemiology Report August 2005<br /><br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/hot_issues/bse/downloads/bse_final_epi_report8-05.pdf<br /><br /><br />State-Federal Team Responds to Texas BSE Case<br /><br />JUNE 30, 2005<br /><br />(please note 7+ month delay in final confirmation so the BSE MRR policy could be set in stone first. $$$...tss)<br /><br />http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/news/pr/2005/2005Jun30_BSE_Positive_Results.pdf<br /><br />https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/other/bse/news/june3005bse.html<br /><br /><br />SEE ATTEMPTED COVER-UP BEFORE THE END AROUND BY FONG ET AL OF THE O.I.G<br /><br />The U.S. Department of Agriculture confirmed June 29 that genetic testing had verified bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) in a 12-year-old cow that was born and raised in a Texas beef cattle herd.<br /><br />Subsequent epidemiological investigations resulted in the culling and testing of 67 adult animals from the index herd. Bio-Rad tests for BSE were conducted on all 67 animals by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, Iowa. All tests were negative.<br /><br />On July 12, Texas officials lifted the quarantine on the source herd. At press time, USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service was tracing animals of the same age that had left the ranch.<br /><br />Timeline<br /><br />The BSE-positive animal was a Brahman-cross cow born and raised in a single Texas herd. The location of the ranch was not disclosed.<br /><br />On Nov. 11, 2004, the 12-year-old cow was taken to a Texas auction market. Because of its condition, the cow was sent to Champion Pet Foods in Waco, Texas. The company produces several blends of dog food, primarily for the greyhound industry.<br /><br />On Nov. 15, the animal arrived dead at Champion. Under procedures established by USDA's intensive surveillance program, a sample was sent to the USDA-approved Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Testing Laboratory (TVMDL) at Texas A&M University.<br /><br />Between June 1, 2004, and June 1, 2005, TVMDL tested nearly 34,000 samples from Texas, New Mexico, Arkansas and Louisiana. They tested the sample from Champion on Nov. 19 using a Bio-Rad ELISA rapid test for BSE. Initial results were inconclusive.<br /><br />Because of the inconclusive results, a representative from USDA took the entire carcass to TVMDL where it was incinerated. USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) began tracing the animal and herd.<br /><br />The sample was then sent to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory for further testing. Two Immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests were conducted and both were negative for BSE. At that point APHIS stopped their trace.<br /><br />USDA scientists also ran an additional, experimental IHC "rapid" tissue fixation test for academic purposes. This test has not been approved internationally.<br /><br />Some abnormalities were noted in the experimental test, but because the two approved tests came back negative, the results were not reported beyond the laboratory.<br /><br />Monitoring by OIG<br /><br />USDA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) has been monitoring implementation of the BSE expanded surveillance program and evaluating the following:<br /><br />* Effectiveness of the surveillance program;<br /><br />* Performance of BSE laboratories in complying with policies and procedures for conducting tests and reporting results;<br /><br />* Enforcement of the ban on specified risk materials in meat products;<br /><br />* Controls to prevent central nervous system tissue in advanced meat recovery products;<br /><br />* Ante mortem condemnation procedures; and<br /><br />* Procedures for obtaining brain tissue samples from condemned cattle.<br /><br />While reviewing voluminous records, OIG auditors noticed conflicting test results on one sample-rapid inconclusive, IHC negative, experimental reactive.<br /><br />Sample retested<br /><br />At the recommendation of the Inspector General, the sample was retested during the week of June 5 with a second confirmatory test, the Western Blot. The results were reactive.<br /><br />USDA scientists then conducted an additional IHC confirmatory test, using different antibodies from the November 2004 test. On Friday, June 10, Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns publicly announced the results as a "weak positive."<br /><br />On June 16 an official with USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratory hand-carried samples for further testing to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weybridge, England. Since 1991, the VLA has been a BSE reference laboratory for the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).<br /><br />Experts from the Weybridge lab confirmed the accuracy of the results of USDA's November confirmatory IHC test, concurring that the case could not have been confirmed on the basis of this sample. They also examined the November experimental IHC test and interpreted the results to be positive.<br /><br />Weybridge also conducted additional tests, including IHC, OIE-prescribed Western Blot, NaTTA Western Blot and Prionics Western Blot tests.<br /><br />To better understand the conflicting results, USDA also conducted Bio-Rad and IDEXX rapid screening tests, IHC and OIE-prescribed Western Blot. USDA also used DNA sequencing to determine the prion protein gene sequence of the animal.<br /><br />http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5420/is_200508/ai_n21377094<br /><br /><br />Texas even had a 'secret' test that showed that mad cow positive; experimental IHC test results, because the test was not a validated procedure, and because the two approved IHC tests came back negative, the results were not considered to be of regulatory significance and therefore were not reported beyond the laboratory. . A Western blot test conducted the week of June 5, 2005, returned positive for BSE.<br /><br />http://www.usda.gov/documents/vs_bse_ihctestvar.pdf<br /><br /><br />48 hr BSE confirmation turnaround took 7+ months to confirm this case, so the BSE MRR policy could be put into place. ...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br />Owner and Corporation Plead Guilty to Defrauding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program<br /><br />An Arizona meat processing company and its owner pled guilty in February 2007 to charges of theft of Government funds, mail fraud, and wire fraud. The owner and his company defrauded the BSE Surveillance Program when they falsified BSE Surveillance Data Collection Forms and then submitted payment requests to USDA for the services. In addition to the targeted sample population (those cattle that were more than 30 months old or had other risk factors for BSE), the owner submitted to USDA, or caused to be submitted, BSE obex (brain stem) samples from healthy USDA-inspected cattle. As a result, the owner fraudulently received approximately $390,000. Sentencing is scheduled for May 2007.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />4 USDA OIG SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS FY 2007 1st Half<br /><br />http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/sarc070619.pdf<br /><br />full text ;<br /><br />http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/2008/09/re-foia-of-declaration-of-extraordinary.html<br /><br />USDA: In 9,200 cases only one type of test could be used<br /><br />WASHINGTON (AP)--The U.S. Department of Agriculture acknowledged Aug. 17 that its testing options for bovine spongiform encephalopathy were limited in 9,200 cases despite its effort to expand surveillance throughout the U.S. herd.<br /><br />In those cases, only one type of test was used--one that failed to detect the disease in an infected Texas cow.<br /><br />The department posted the information on its website because of an inquiry from The Associated Press.<br /><br />Conducted over the past 14 months, the tests have not been included in the department's running tally of BSE tests since last summer. That total reached 439,126 on Aug. 17.<br /><br />"There's no secret program," the department's chief veterinarian, John Clifford, said in an interview. "There has been no hiding, I can assure you of that."<br /><br />Officials intended to report the tests later in an annual report, Clifford said.<br /><br />These 9,200 cases were different because brain tissue samples were preserved with formalin, which makes them suitable for only one type of test--immunohistochemistry, or IHC.<br /><br />In the Texas case, officials had declared the cow free of disease in November after an IHC test came back negative. The department's inspector general ordered an additional kind of test, which confirmed the animal was infected.<br /><br />Veterinarians in remote locations have used the preservative on tissue to keep it from degrading on its way to the department's laboratory in Ames, Iowa. Officials this year asked veterinarians to stop using preservative and send fresh or chilled samples within 48 hours.<br /><br />The department recently investigated a possible case of BSE that turned up in a preserved sample. Further testing ruled out the disease two weeks ago.<br /><br />Scientists used two additional tests--rapid screening and Western blot--to help detect BSE in the country's second confirmed case, in a Texas cow in June. They used IHC and Western blot to confirm the first case, in a Washington state cow in December 2003.<br /><br />"The IHC test is still an excellent test," Clifford said. "These are not simple tests, either."<br /><br />Clifford pointed out that scientists reran the IHC several times and got conflicting results. That happened, too, with the Western blot test. Both tests are accepted by international animal health officials.<br /><br />Date: 8/25/05<br /><br />http://www.hpj.com/archives/2005/aug05/aug29/BSEtestoptionswerelimited.cfm<br /><br />""These 9,200 cases were different because brain tissue samples were preserved with formalin, which makes them suitable for only one type of test--immunohistochemistry, or IHC."<br /><br />THIS WAS DONE FOR A REASON!<br /><br />THE IHC test has been proven to be the LEAST LIKELY to detect BSE/TSE in the bovine, and these were probably from the most high risk cattle pool, the ones the USDA et al, SHOULD have been testing. ...TSS<br /><br />USDA 2003<br /><br />We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back. Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS.<br /><br />Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.<br /><br />snip.............<br /><br />Dr. Detwiler: It seems a good idea, but I'm not aware of it. Another important thing to get across to the public is that the negatives do not guarantee absence of infectivity. The animal could be early in the disease and the incubation period. Even sample collection is so important. If you're not collecting the right area of the brain in sheep, or if collecting lymphoreticular tissue, and you don't get a good biopsy, you could miss the area with the PRP in it and come up with a negative test. There's a new, unusual form of Scrapie that's been detected in Norway. We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back.<br /><br />Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS .<br /><br />Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />FULL TEXT;<br /><br />Completely Edited Version PRION ROUNDTABLE<br /><br />Accomplished this day, Wednesday, December 11, 2003, Denver, Colorado<br /><br />2005<br /><br />=============================<br /><br />CDC DR. PAUL BROWN TSE EXPERT COMMENTS 2006<br /><br />The U.S. Department of Agriculture was quick to assure the public earlier this week that the third case of mad cow disease did not pose a risk to them, but what federal officials have not acknowledged is that this latest case indicates the deadly disease has been circulating in U.S. herds for at least a decade.<br /><br />The second case, which was detected last year in a Texas cow and which USDA officials were reluctant to verify, was approximately 12 years old.<br /><br />These two cases (the latest was detected in an Alabama cow) present a picture of the disease having been here for 10 years or so, since it is thought that cows usually contract the disease from contaminated feed they consume as calves. The concern is that humans can contract a fatal, incurable, brain-wasting illness from consuming beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen.<br /><br />"The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of other undetected cases," Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies and an expert on mad cow-like diseases, told United Press International. "The question was, 'How many?' and we still can't answer that."<br /><br />Brown, who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States, said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested positive.<br /><br />USDA officials finally retested the cow and confirmed it was infected seven months later, but only at the insistence of the agency's inspector general.<br /><br />"Everything they did on the Texas cow makes everything USDA did before 2005 suspect," Brown said. ...snip...end<br /><br />http://www.upi.com/ConsumerHealthDaily/view.php?StoryID=20060315-055557-1284r<br /><br />CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt ... Dr. Paul Brown is Senior Research Scientist in the Laboratory of Central Nervous System ... Address for correspondence: Paul Brown, Building 36, Room 4A-05, ...<br /><br />http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no1/brown.htm<br /><br />PLEASE NOTE ;<br /><br />179 Page 10 of 17<br /><br />BSE cattle may need to be reexamined.<br /><br />T. Kitamoto (Ed.) PRIONS Food and Drug Safety<br /><br />================<br /><br />ALSO from the International Symposium of Prion Diseases held in Sendai, October 31, to November 2, 2004; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />"Furthermore, current studies into transmission of cases of BSE that are atypical or that develop in young cattle are expected to amplify the BSE prion" NO. Date conf. Farm Birth place and Date Age at diagnosis 8. 2003.10.6. Fukushima Tochigi 2001.10.13. 23 9. 2003.11.4. Hiroshima Hyogo 2002.1.13. 21<br /><br />Test results # 8b, 9c cows Elisa Positive, WB Positive, IHC negative, histopathology negative b = atypical BSE case c = case of BSE in a young animal b,c, No PrPSc on IHC, and no spongiform change on histology International Symposium of Prion Diseases<br /><br />held in Sendai, October 31, to November 2, 2004. Tetsuyuki Kitamoto Professor and Chairman Department of Prion Research Tohoku University School of Medicine 2-1 SeiryoAoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, JAPAN TEL +81-22-717-8147 FAX +81-22-717-8148 e-mail; kitamoto@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp Symposium Secretariat Kyomi Sasaki TEL +81-22-717-8233 FAX +81-22-717-7656 e-mail: kvomi-sasaki@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.ip ================================= 9/13/2005 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 11 of 17 From: TSS () Subject: Atypical Proteinase K-Resistant Prion Protein (PrPres) observed in an Apparently Healthy 23-Month-Old Holstein Steer Date: August 26, 2005 at 10:24 am PST Atypical Proteinase K-Resistant Prion Protein (PrPres) observed in an Apparently Healthy 23-Month-Old Holstein Steer Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 56, 221-222, 2003 Laboratory and Epidemiology Communications Atypical Proteinase K-Resistant Prion Protein (PrPres) Observed in an Apparently Healthy 23-Month-Old Holstein Steer Yoshio Yamakawa*, KenÕichi Hagiwara, Kyoko Nohtomi, Yuko Nakamura, Masahiro Nishizima ,Yoshimi Higuchi1, Yuko Sato1, Tetsutaro Sata1 and the Expert Committee for BSE Diagnosis, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan2 Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology and 1Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640 and 2Miistry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo 100-8916 Communicated by Tetsutaro Sata (Accepted December 2, 2003) *Corresponding author: Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. Tel: +81-3-5285-1111, Fax: +81-3-5285-1157, E-mail: yamakawa@nih.go.jp<br /><br />Since October 18, 2001, 'bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) examination for all cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in the country' has been mandated in Japan by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). 'Plateria' ELISA-kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif., USA) is routinely used at abattoirs for detecting proteinase K (PK)-resistant prion protein (PrPSc) in the obex region. Samples positive according to the ELISA screening are further subjected to Western blot (WB) and histologic and immunohistochemical examination (IHC) at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) or Obihiro University. If PrPSc is detected either by WB or by IHC, the cattle are diagnosed as BSE. The diagnosis is approved by the Expert Committee for BSE Diagnosis, MHLW. From October 18, 2001 to September 30, 2003, approximately 2.5 million cattle were screened at abattoirs. A hundred and ten specimens positive according to ELISA were subjected to WB/IHC. Seven showed positive by both WB and IHC, all exhibiting the typical electrophoretic profile of a high content of the di-glycosylated molecular form of PrPSc (1-3) and the distinctive granular deposition of PrPSc in neuronal cells and neuropil of the dorsal nucleus of vagus. An ELISA-positive specimen from a 23 month-old Holstein steer slaughtered on September 29, 2003, in Ibaraki Prefecture (Ibaraki case) was sent to the NIID for confirmation. The animal was reportedly healthy before slaughter. The OD titer in ELISA was slightly higher than the 'cut-off' level given by the manufacturer. The histology showed no spongiform changes and IHC revealed no signal of PrPSc accumulation typical for BSE. However, WB analysis of the homogenate that was prepared from the obex region and used for ELISA revealed a small amount of PrPSc with an electrophoretic profile different from that of typical BSE-associated PrPSc (1-3). The characteristics were (i) low content of the di-glycosylated molecular form of PrPSc, (ii) a faster migration of the non-glycosylated form of PrPSc on SDS-PAGE, and (iii) less resistance against PK digestion as compared with an authentic PrPSc specimen derived from an 83-month-old Holstein (Wakayama case) (Fig. 1). Table 1 summarizes the relative amounts of three distinctive glycoforms (di-, mono, non-glycosylated) of PrPSc calculated by densitometric analysis of the blot shown in Fig. 1. As 2.5 mg wet weight obex-equivalent homogenate of the Ibaraki case (Fig. 1, lane 4) gave slightly stronger band intensities of PrPSc than an 8 mg wet weight obex-equivqlent homogenate of a typical BSE-affected Wakayama case (Fig. 1, lane 2), the amount of PrPSc accumulated in the Ibaraki case was calculated to be 1/500 - 1/1000 of the Wakayama case. In the Ibaraki case, the PrPSc bands were not detectable in the homogenates of the proximal surrounding region of the obex. These findings were consistent with the low OD value in ELISA, i.e., 0.2 -0.3 for the Ibaraki case versus over 3.0 for the Wakayama case. The DNA sequence of the PrP coding region of the Ibaraki case was the same as that appearing in the database (GenBank accession number: AJ298878). More recently, we encountered another case that resembled the Ibaraki case. It was a 21-monthold Holstein steer from Hiroshima Prefecture. WB showed typical BSE-specific PrPSc deposition though IHC did not detect positive signals of PrPSc (data not shown). Though the clinical onset of BSE is usually at around 5 years of age or later, a 20-month-old case showing the clinical signs has been reported (4). Variant forms of BSE similar to our cases, i.e., with atypical histopathological and/or biochemical phenotype, have been recently reported in Italy (5) and in France (6). Such variant BSE was not associated with mutations in the prion protein (PrP) coding region as in our case (5,6). The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) announced a ban of feeding ruminants with meat bone meal (MBM) on September 18, 2001, and a complete ban was made on October 15 of the same year. According to the recent MAFF report, the p vious seven cases of BSE in Japan were cattle born in 1995 - 1996 and possibly fed with cross-contaminated feed. However, the two cattle in this report were born after the complete ban. Whether contaminated MBM was implicated in the present cases remains to be investigated.<br /><br />REFERENCES Collinge, J., Sidle, K. C. L., Meads, J., Ironside, J. and Hill, A. F. (1996): Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of 'new variant' CJD. Nature, 383, 685690. Bruce, M. E., Will, R. G., Ironside, J. W., McConnell, I., Drummond, D., Suttie, A., McCardle, L., Chree, A., Hope, J., Birkett, C., Cousens, S., Fraser, H. and Bostock, C. J. (1997): Transmissions to mice indicate that 'new variant' CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature, 389, 498-501. Hill, A. F., Desbruslais, M., Joiner, S., Sidle, K. C. L., Gowland, I. and Collinge, J. (1997): The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE. Nature, 389, 448-450. Matravers, W., Bridgeman, J. and Smith, M.-F. (ed.)(2000): The BSE Inquiry. p. 37. vol. 16. The Stationery Office Ltd., Norwich, UK. Casalone, C., Zanusso, G., Acutis, P. L., Crescio, M. I., Corona, C., Ferrari, S., Capobianco, R., Tagliavini, F., Monaco, S. and Caramelli, M. (2003): Identification of a novel molecular and neuropathological BSE phenotype in Italy. International Conference on Prion Disease: from basic research to intervention concepts. Gasreig, Munhen, October 8-10. Bicaba, A. G., Laplanche, J. L., Ryder, S. and Baron, T. (2003): A molecular variant of bovine spongiform encephalopatie. International Conference on Prion Disease: from basic research to intervention concepts. Gasreig, Munhen, October 8-10. Asante, E. A., Linehan, J. M., Desbruslais, M., Joiner, S., Gowland, I., Wood, A. L., Welch, J., Hill, A. F., Lloyd, S. E., Wadsworth, J. D. F. and Collinge, J. (2002). BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein. EMBO J., 21, 6358-6366. 9/13/2005 Page 12 of 17 SEE SLIDES IN PDF FILE; http://www.nih.go.jp/JJID/56/221.pdf<br /><br />http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf<br /><br />THE SEVEN SCIENTIST REPORT ***<br /><br />http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-EC244-Attach-1.pdf<br /><br />***<br /><br />WELL, someone did call me from Bio-Rad about this, however it was not Susan Berg. but i had to just about take a blood oath not to reveal there name. IN fact they did not want me to even mention this, but i feel it is much much to important. I have omitted any I.D. of this person, but thought I must document this ;<br /><br />Bio-Rad, TSS phone conversation 12/28/04<br /><br />Finally spoke with ;<br /><br />Bio-Rad Laboratories 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive Hercules, CA 94547 Ph: 510-741-6720 Fax: 510-741-5630 Email: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<br /><br />at approx. 14:00 hours 12/28/04, I had a very pleasant phone conversation with XXXX XXXXX about the USDA and the inconclusive BSE testing problems they seem to keep having. X was very very cautious as to speak directly about USDA and it's policy of not using WB. X was very concerned as a Bio-Rad official of retaliation of some sort. X would only speak of what other countries do, and that i should take that as an answer. I told X I understood that it was a very loaded question and X agreed several times over and even said a political one.<br /><br />my question;<br /><br />Does Bio-Rad believe USDA's final determination of False positive, without WB, and considering the new atypical TSEs not showing positive with -IHC and -HP ???<br /><br />ask if i was a reporter. i said no, i was with CJD Watch and that i had lost my mother to hvCJD. X did not want any of this recorded or repeated.<br /><br />again, very nervous, will not answer directly about USDA for fear of retaliation, but again said X tell me what other countries are doing and finding, and that i should take it from there. "very difficult to answer"<br /><br />"very political"<br /><br />"very loaded question"<br /><br />outside USA and Canada, they use many different confirmatory tech. in house WB, SAF, along with IHC, HP, several times etc. you should see at several talks meetings (TSE) of late Paris Dec 2, that IHC- DOES NOT MEAN IT IS NEGATIVE. again, look what the rest of the world is doing. said something about Dr. Houston stating; any screening assay, always a chance for human error. but with so many errors (i am assuming X meant inconclusive), why are there no investigations, just false positives? said something about ''just look at the sheep that tested IHC- but were positive''. ...<br /><br />TSS<br /><br />-------- Original Message -------- Subject: Your questions Date: Mon, 27 Dec 2004 15:58:11 -0800 From: To: flounder@wt.net<br /><br />Hi Terry:<br /><br />............................................snip Let me know your phone number so I can talk to you about the Bio-Rad BSE test. Thank you<br /><br />Regards<br /><br />Bio-Rad Laboratories 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive Hercules, CA 94547 Ph: 510-741-6720 Fax: 510-741-5630 Email: =================================<br /><br />END...TSS<br /><br />######### https://listserv.kaliv.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ##########<br /><br />http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/<br /><br />Executive Summary<br /><br />In June 2005, an inconclusive bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) sample from November 2004, that had originally been classified as negative on the immunohistochemistry test, was confirmed positive on SAF immunoblot (Western blot). The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) identified the herd of origin for the index cow in Texas; that identification was confirmed by DNA analysis. USDA, in close cooperation with the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC), established an incident command post (ICP) and began response activities according to USDA’s BSE Response Plan of September 2004. Response personnel removed at-risk cattle and cattle of interest (COI) from the index herd, euthanized them, and tested them for BSE; all were negative. USDA and the State extensively traced all at-risk cattle and COI that left the index herd. The majority of these animals entered rendering and/or slaughter channels well before the investigation began. USDA’s response to the Texas finding was thorough and effective.<br /><br />http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/epi-updates/bse_final_epidemiology_report.pdf<br /><br />i hope i have not lost you. i know how some don't like to get political, but cwd, mad cow disease (all strains), TME, Scrapie, and cjd i.e. human and animal TSE, that's all they are are political. bush has failed us terribly, clinton before him failed us terribly, and whomever gets in office next will do the same damn thing, in terms of human and animal TSE. it was said long ago ;<br /><br />In Confidence - Perceptions of unconventional slow virus diseases of animals in the USA - APRIL-MAY 1989 - G A H Wells<br /><br />3. Prof. A Robertson gave a brief account of BSE. The US approach was to accord it a very low profile indeed. Dr. A Thiermann showed the picture in the ''Independent'' with cattle being incinerated and thought this was a fanatical incident to be avoided in the US at all costs. BSE was not reported in the USA.<br /><br />http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf<br /><br />PLEASE NOTE, ''FANATICAL INCIDENT TO BE AVOIDED IN THE US AT ALL COSTS.''<br /><br />and they meant it. ...TSS<br /><br />The EMBO Journal Vol. 21 No. 23 pp. 6358±6366, 2002<br /><br />BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein<br /><br />Emmanuel A.Asante, Jacqueline M.Linehan, Melanie Desbruslais, Susan Joiner, Ian Gowland, Andrew L.Wood, Julie Welch, Andrew F.Hill, Sarah E.Lloyd, Jonathan D.F.Wadsworth and John Collinge1 MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK 1Corresponding author e-mail: j.collinge@prion.ucl.ac.uk Variant Creutzfeldt±Jakob disease (vCJD) has been recognized to date only in individuals homozygous for methionine at PRNP codon 129. Here we show that transgenic mice expressing human PrP methionine 129, inoculated with either bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or variant CJD prions, may develop the neuropathological and molecular phenotype of vCJD, consistent with these diseases being caused by the same prion strain. Surprisingly, however, BSE transmission to these transgenic mice, in addition to producing a vCJD-like phenotype, can also result in a distinct molecular phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of sporadic CJD with PrPSc type 2. These data suggest that more than one BSEderived prion strain might infect humans; it is therefore possible that some patients with a phenotype consistent with sporadic CJD may have a disease arising from BSE exposure. ...snip...end...TSS<br /><br />Molecular Features of the Protease-resistant Prion Protein (PrPres) in H-type BSE<br /><br />Biacabe, A-G1; Jacobs, JG2; Gavier-Widén, D3; Vulin, J1; Langeveld, JPM2; Baron, TGM1 1AFSSA, France; 2CIDC-Lelystad, Netherlands; 3SVA, Sweden<br /><br />Western blot analyses of PrPres accumulating in the brain of BSE-infected cattle have demonstrated 3 different molecular phenotypes regarding to the apparent molecular masses and glycoform ratios of PrPres bands. We initially described isolates (H-type BSE) essentially characterized by higher PrPres molecular mass and decreased levels of the diglycosylated PrPres band, in contrast to the classical type of BSE. This type is also distinct from another BSE phenotype named L-type BSE, or also BASE (for Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy), mainly characterized by a low representation of the diglycosylated PrPres band as well as a lower PrPres molecular mass. Retrospective molecular studies in France of all available BSE cases older than 8 years old and of part of the other cases identified since the beginning of the exhaustive surveillance of the disease in 20001 allowed to identify 7 H-type BSE cases, among 594 BSE cases that could be classified as classical, L- or H-type BSE. By Western blot analysis of H-type PrPres, we described a remarkable specific feature with antibodies raised against the C-terminal region of PrP that demonstrated the existence of a more C-terminal cleaved form of PrPres (named PrPres#2 ), in addition to the usual PrPres form (PrPres #1). In the unglycosylated form, PrPres #2 migrates at about 14 kDa, compared to 20 kDa for PrPres #1. The proportion of the PrPres#2 in cattle seems to by higher compared to the PrPres#1. Furthermore another PK–resistant fragment at about 7 kDa was detected by some more N-terminal antibodies and presumed to be the result of cleavages of both N- and C-terminal parts of PrP. These singular features were maintained after transmission of the disease to C57Bl/6 mice. The identification of these two additional PrPres fragments (PrPres #2 and 7kDa band) reminds features reported respectively in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome in humans. ...end<br /><br /><br />(PLEASE NOTE, THE TEXAS ATYPICAL BSE CASE (the one they finally confirmed, not the one they covered-up), and the Alabama atypical BSE case, both were of the h-BSE. ...TSS)<br /><br /><br />USA MAD COW STRAIN MORE VIRULENT TO HUMANS THAN UK STRAIN<br /><br />18 January 2007 - Draft minutes of the SEAC 95 meeting (426 KB) held on 7 December 2006 are now available.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />64. A member noted that at the recent Neuroprion meeting, a study was presented showing that in transgenic mice BSE passaged in sheep may be more virulent and infectious to a wider range of species than bovine derived BSE.<br /><br />Other work presented suggested that BSE and bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE) MAY BE RELATED. *** A mutation had been identified in the prion protein gene in an AMERICAN BASE CASE THAT WAS SIMILAR IN NATURE TO A MUTATION FOUND IN CASES OF SPORADIC CJD.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf<br /><br /><br /><br />-------- Original Message --------<br /><br />Subject: re-USDA's surveillance plan for BSE aka mad cow disease<br /><br />Date: Mon, 02 May 2005 16:59:07 -0500<br /><br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br /><br />To: paffairs@oig.hhs.gov, HHSTips@oig.hhs.gov, contactOIG@hhsc.state.tx.us<br /><br />Greetings Honorable Paul Feeney, Keith Arnold, and William Busbyet al at OIG, ...............<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />There will be several more emails of my research to follow. I respectfully request a full inquiry into the cover-up of TSEs in the United States of America over the past 30 years. I would be happy to testify...<br /><br />Thank you, I am sincerely, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 xxx xxx xxxx<br /><br />snip... see full text ;<br /><br />Wednesday, August 20, 2008 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ? August 20, 2008<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html<br /><br /><br />Atypical BSE (BASE) Transmitted from Asymptomatic Aging Cattle to a Primate<br /><br />http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1951<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/atypical-bse-base-transmitted-from.html<br /><br /><br />snip... FULL TEXT ;<br /><br />http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003017<br /><br /><br />"the biochemical signature of PrPres in the BASE-inoculated animal was found to have a higher proteinase K sensitivity of the octa-repeat region. We found the same biochemical signature in three of four human patients with sporadic CJD and an MM type 2 PrP genotype who lived in the same country as the infected bovine." <<<<br /><br />NOT to forget ;<br /><br />Thursday, June 05, 2008<br /><br />Review on the epidemiology and dynamics of BSE epidemics<br /><br />Vet. Res. (2008) 39:15 www.vetres.org DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2007053 c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2008 Review article<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Cases of atypical BSE have only been found in countries having implemented large active surveillance programs. As of 1st September 2007, 36 cases (16 H, 20 L) have been described all over the world in cattle: Belgium (1 L) [23], Canada (1 H)15, Denmark (1 L)16, France (8 H, 6 L)17, Germany (1 H, 1 L) [13], Italy (3 L)18, Japan (1 L) [71], Netherlands (1 H, 2 L)19, Poland (1 H, 6 L)20, Sweden (1 H)21, United Kingdom (1 H)22, and USA (2 H)23. Another H-type case has been found in a 19 year old miniature zebu in a zoological park in Switzerland [56]. It is noteworthy that atypical cases have been found in countries that did not experience classical BSE so far, like Sweden, or in which only few cases of classical BSE have been found, like Canada or the USA.<br /><br />And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.<br /><br />full text 18 pages ;<br /><br />http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf<br /><br /><br />please see full text ;<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.html<br /><br /><br />***Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.***<br /><br />Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center<br /><br />An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD<br /><br />April 3, 2008<br /><br />http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45<br /><br /><br />Sunday, March 16, 2008<br /><br />MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html<br /><br /><br />HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants Manuscript of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html<br /><br /><br />Greetings BSE-L AND CJD-L,........ snip.....end<br /><br /><br />full text ;<br /><br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />EMBO J. 2002 December 2; 21(23): 6358-6366. doi: 10.1093/emboj/cdf653. PMCID: PMC136957<br /><br />Copyright © 2002 European Molecular Biology Organization<br /><br />BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein<br /><br />Emmanuel A. Asante, Jacqueline M. Linehan, Melanie Desbruslais, Susan Joiner, Ian Gowland, Andrew L. Wood, Julie Welch, Andrew F. Hill, Sarah E. Lloyd, Jonathan D.F. Wadsworth, and John Collinge1 MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK 1Corresponding author e-mail: j.collinge@prion.ucl.ac.uk Received August 1, 2002; Revised September 24, 2002; Accepted October 17, 2002.<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br /><br />Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has been recognized to date only in individuals homozygous for methionine at PRNP codon 129. Here we show that transgenic mice expressing human PrP methionine 129, inoculated with either bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or variant CJD prions, may develop the neuropathological and molecular phenotype of vCJD, consistent with these diseases being caused by the same prion strain. Surprisingly, however, BSE transmission to these transgenic mice, in addition to producing a vCJD-like phenotype, can also result in a distinct molecular phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of sporadic CJD with PrPSc type 2. These data suggest that more than one BSE-derived prion strain might infect humans; it is therefore possible that some patients with a phenotype consistent with sporadic CJD may have a disease arising from BSE exposure.<br /><br />http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=136957<br /><br /><br />Tuesday, November 11, 2008<br /><br />Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080941<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/transmission-of-atypical-bovine-prions.html<br /><br /><br />2:00 Sporadic CJD and Atypical BSE: Two Children of One Protein Maurizio Pocchiari, Ph.D., Director of Research, Virology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanita The identification of forms of TSE diseases in cattle caused by prion strains different from BSE has raised new concerns on the possibility that these novel agents might induce disease in humans with a phenotype resembling sporadic CJD. The analysis of the distribution of the different molecular subtypes of sporadic CJD might give some answers.<br /><br />http://www.healthtech.com/Conferences_Overview.aspx?c=518&id=59662&c=518<br /><br /><br />USA PRION UNIT BLOG<br /><br />http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />Sunday, April 20, 2008 Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center April 3, 2008<br /><br />Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.<br /><br />see full text ;<br /><br />http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html<br /><br /><br />CJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)<br /><br />http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???<br /><br />http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.<br /><br />http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html<br /><br /><br />Tuesday, August 19, 2008<br /><br />Atypical BSE (BASE) Transmitted from Asymptomatic Aging Cattle to a Primate<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/atypical-bse-base-transmitted-from.html<br /><br /><br />Review on the epidemiology and dynamics of BSE epidemics<br /><br />Vet. Res. (2008) 39:15 www.vetres.org DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2007053 c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2008 Review article<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Cases of atypical BSE have only been found in countries having implemented large active surveillance programs. As of 1st September 2007, 36 cases (16 H, 20 L) have been described all over the world in cattle: Belgium (1 L) [23], Canada (1 H)15, Denmark (1 L)16, France (8 H, 6 L)17, Germany (1 H, 1 L) [13], Italy (3 L)18, Japan (1 L) [71], Netherlands (1 H, 2 L)19, Poland (1 H, 6 L)20, Sweden (1 H)21, United Kingdom (1 H)22, and USA (2 H)23. Another H-type case has been found in a 19 year old miniature zebu in a zoological park in Switzerland [56]. It is noteworthy that atypical cases have been found in countries that did not experience classical BSE so far, like Sweden, or in which only few cases of classical BSE have been found, like Canada or the USA.<br /><br />And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.<br /><br />full text 18 pages ;<br /><br />http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf<br /><br /><br />please see full text ;<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.html<br /><br /><br />***Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.***<br /><br />Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center<br /><br />An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD<br /><br />April 3, 2008<br /><br />http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45<br /><br /><br />Sunday, March 16, 2008<br /><br />MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html<br /><br /><br />Wednesday, October 08, 2008<br /><br />Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html<br /><br /><br />HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html<br /><br /><br />ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST MEETING OF THE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Oct 23, 2008 at 9:00 AM<br /><br />http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/10/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of_23.html<br /><br />http://flounder068.vox.com/library/post/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of-the-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory-committee.html<br /><br /><br />Wednesday, October 08, 2008<br /><br />Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html<br /><br /><br />OIE Recognition of the BSE Status of Members RESOLUTION No. XXI (Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 27 May 2008)<br /><br />snip...SEE FULL TEXT with facts and sources @ ;<br /><br />http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2008/06/oie-recognition-of-bse-status-of.html<br /><br />http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1566<br /><br /><br />Friday, April 25, 2008<br /><br />Substances Prohibited From Use in Animal Food or Feed [Docket No. 2002N-0273] (Formerly Docket No. 02N-0273) RIN 0910-AF46<br /><br />http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/04/substances-prohibited-from-use-in.html<br /><br />***The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.<br /><br />http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf<br /><br /><br />Here we report that both Nor98 and discordant cases, including three sheep homozygous for the resistant PrPARR allele (A136R154R171), efficiently transmitted the disease to transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP, and that they shared unique biological and biochemical features upon propagation in mice. These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent, unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health.<br /><br />Edited by Stanley B. Prusiner, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved September 12, 2005 (received for review March 21, 2005)<br /><br />http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0502296102v1<br /><br /><br />Tuesday, June 3, 2008 SCRAPIE USA UPDATE JUNE 2008 NOR-98 REPORTED PA<br /><br />http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html<br /><br /><br />NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE 5 cases documented in USA in 5 different states USA 007<br /><br />http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/04/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html<br /><br />http://nor-98.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />SCRAPIE USA<br /><br />http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />Sunday, September 07, 2008<br /><br />CWD LIVE TEST, and the political aspects or fallout of live testing for BSE in cattle in the USA<br /><br />http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/09/cwd-live-test-and-political-aspects-or.html<br /><br /><br />Saturday, October 18, 2008 WYOMING STAR VALLEY MOOSE TESTS POSITIVE FOR CWD<br /><br />http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/wyoming-star-valley-moose-tests.html<br /><br />http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />Wednesday, August 20, 2008<br /><br />Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ?<br /><br />http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html<br /><br /><br />Public release date: 9-Jul-2008<br /><br />Contact: Claire Bowles claire.bowles@rbi.co.uk 44-207-611-1210 New Scientist<br /><br />10 people killed by new CJD-like disease A NEW form of fatal dementia has been discovered in 16 Americans, 10 of whom have already died of the condition. It resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - with patients gradually losing their ability to think, speak and move - but has features that make it distinct from known forms of CJD.<br /><br />No one yet knows how the disease originates, or under what conditions it might spread. Nor is it clear how many people have the condition. "I believe the disease has been around for many years, unnoticed," says Pierluigi Gambetti, director of the US National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Cases may previously have been mistaken for other forms of dementia.<br /><br />Since Gambetti's team wrote a paper describing an initial 11 cases referred to his centre between 2002 and 2006 (Annals of Neurology, vol 63, p 697), another five have come to light. "So it is possible that it could be just the tip of the iceberg," Gambetti says.<br /><br />As in other spongiform encephalopathies, such as CJD and mad cow disease (BSE), the brain tissue of victims is full of tiny holes. This damage is thought to be caused by the accumulation of prions, misfolded versions of a brain protein called PrP that can convert normal PrP molecules into their own misshapen form.<br /><br />Some features of the new disease are different, however. All known disease-causing prions resist degradation by proteases - enzymes which digest the normal form of PrP. But prions from patients with the new disease are broken down by the enzymes.<br /><br />Some very rare forms of CJD run in families and are caused by mutations in the gene for PrP. Six of the cases described in Gambetti's paper were from families with a history of dementia, suggesting a genetic cause. However, these people had no mutations in their PrP genes. "Maybe there are other genes that have an influence on the disease," suggests James Ironside of the UK's National CJD Surveillance Unit in Edinburgh.<br /><br />Most forms of CJD develop spontaneously, for unknown reasons, but can be spread if someone is exposed to brain material from people with CJD, for instance, by neurosurgery using inadequately sterilised instruments.<br /><br />One variant of CJD has been linked to the consumption of contaminated meat from cattle with mad cow disease. If the new condition is similarly caused by something in the victims' diet, or another environmental cause, new measures might be needed to protect public health.<br /><br />Gambetti is now conducting experiments in mice to see how the disease is transmitted. He suspects that there is no cause for alarm. "I believe the disease occurs naturally, and is not due to environmental causes," he says.<br /><br />###<br /><br />New Scientist Reporter: Andy Coghlan<br /><br />IF REPORTING ON THIS STORY, PLEASE MENTION NEW SCIENTIST AS THE SOURCE AND, IF REPORTING ONLINE, PLEASE CARRY A LINK TO: http://www.newscientist.com<br /><br />UK CONTACT - Claire Bowles, New Scientist Press Office, London: Tel: +44(0)20 7611 1210 or email claire.bowles@rbi.co.uk<br /><br />US CONTACT - New Scientist Boston office: Tel: +1 617 386 2190 or email j.heselton@elsevier.com<br /><br />This article is posted on this site to give advance access to other authorised media who may wish to report on this story, or quote extracts as part of fair dealing with this copyrighted material. Full attribution is required, and if reporting online a link to www.newscientist.com is also required. The story posted here is copyrighted therefore advance permission is required before any and every reproduction of each article in full. Please contact claire.bowles@rbi.co.uk<br /><br />THIS ARTICLE APPEARS IN NEW SCIENTIST MAGAZINE ISSUE: 12 JULY 2008. EMBARGOED UNTIL WED, 9 JULY 2008, 13:00 HRS EDT (18:00 HRS BST)<br /><br />EDITOR'S NOTE: PRIOR PERMISSION IS REQUIRED BEFORE ANY REPRODUCTION OF THIS STORY IN FULL<br /><br />http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php<br /><br /><br />A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD<br /><br />http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html<br /><br /><br />Communicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br /><br />[In submitting these data, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. draws attention to the steady increase in the "type unknown" category, which, according to their definition, comprises cases in which vCJD could be excluded. The total of 26 cases for the current year (2007) is disturbing, possibly symptomatic of the circulation of novel agents. Characterization of these agents should be given a high priority. - Mod.CP]<br /><br />http://pro-med.blogspot.com/2007/11/proahedr-prion-disease-update-2007-07.html<br /><br />http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:6833194127530602005::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,39963<br /><br /><br />There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.<br /><br />He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.<br /><br />http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm<br /><br />http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf<br /><br /><br />sporadic Fatal Familial Insomnia<br /><br />http://sporadicffi.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY<br /><br />MARCH 26, 2003<br /><br />RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob<br /><br />disease in the United States<br /><br />Email Terry S. Singeltary:<br /><br />flounder@wt.net<br /><br />I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?<br /><br />http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535<br /><br /><br />THE PATHOLOGICAL PROTEIN<br /><br />Hardcover, 304 pages plus photos and illustrations. ISBN 0-387-95508-9<br /><br />June 2003<br /><br />BY Philip Yam<br /><br />CHAPTER 14 LAYING ODDS<br /><br />Answering critics like Terry Singeltary, who feels that the U.S. under- counts CJD, Schonberger conceded that the current surveillance system has errors but stated that most of the errors will be confined to the older population.<br /><br />http://www.thepathologicalprotein.com/<br /><br /><br />Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734. Vol. 285 No. 6, February 14, 2001 JAMA<br /><br />Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br />To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.<br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex<br /><br />1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323. FREE FULL TEXT<br /><br />http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/extract/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=singeltary&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT<br /><br />http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=singeltary&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT<br /><br /><br />2 January 2000 British Medical Journal U.S. Scientist should be concerned with a CJD epidemic in the U.S., as well<br /><br />http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/320/7226/8/b#6117<br /><br /><br />15 November 1999 British Medical Journal vCJD in the USA * BSE in U.S.<br /><br />http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/319/7220/1312/b#5406<br /><br /><br />Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease<br /><br />http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />USA PRION UNIT BLOG<br /><br />http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />Sunday, April 20, 2008 Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center April 3, 2008<br /><br />Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.<br /><br />see full text ;<br /><br />http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html<br /><br /><br />CJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)<br /><br />http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???<br /><br />http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />Tuesday, November 11, 2008<br />Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein<br />DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080941http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/transmission-of-atypical-bovine-prions.html<br /><br />The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.<br /><br />http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html<br /><br />http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/<br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-85919387208289978482008-07-21T22:02:00.000-05:002008-07-21T22:07:03.231-05:00Officials await tests on man for human Mad Cow Disease (Texas)Officials await tests on man for human Mad Cow Disease<br /><br />By Mary Ann Cavazos (Contact) Originally published 05:30 p.m., July 21, 2008 Updated 05:30 p.m., July 21, 2008<br /><br />CORPUS CHRISTI — Local health officials are awaiting test results to determine whether a Corpus Christi man who died earlier this month had the human form of mad cow disease.<br />Annette Rodriguez, interim director of the Corpus Christi-Nueces County Health District, said the district was notified by officials from a local hospital that a patient may have had Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.<br /><br />A brain biopsy is needed to confirm if the man had the disease and whether it is the variant linked to mad cow. Those results will come from out-of-state and will be available in about two months, Rodriguez said.<br /><br />According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web site, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare but fatal brain disorder in humans.<br /><br />It is believed that humans can become infected by consuming contaminated meat or through a blood transfusion from a person who already has the disease.<br /><br />The man, whose identity and age were not released, traveled extensively and it is unclear where he may have been exposed to the disease, Rodriguez said.<br /><br />“He traveled all over the world,” she said<br /><br /><a href="http://www.caller.com/news/2008/jul/21/officials-await-tests-man-human-mad-cow-disease/">http://www.caller.com/news/2008/jul/21/officials-await-tests-man-human-mad-cow-disease/</a><br /><br />CJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br />don't these dummies know by now that the USA does not have any mad cow disease and or any human cjd ramifications from a mad cow, cause the USDA says so... NOT<br /><br />there has been a decade old, systematic cover-up of corporate homicide just because of trade, futures and commodities. the elderly demented, your grandma and grandpa, mom and dad, sisters and brothers, are all expendable, due to the fact the American joe-cue-public is just to damn lazy to care. the elderly and demented are expendable. but mark my word here and now, it's here, and has been, call it what you like.....<br /><br />10 people killed by new CJD-like disease<br /><br />Public release date: 9-Jul-2008<br /><br />Since Gambetti's team wrote a paper describing an initial 11 cases referred to his centre between 2002 and 2006 (Annals of Neurology, vol 63, p 697), another five have come to light. "So it is possible that it could be just the tip of the iceberg," Gambetti says.<br /><br />snip...end<br /><br /><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php</a><br /><br />sporadic CJD, the big lie<br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008 A Novel Human Disease with Abnormal Prion Protein Sensitive to Protease update July 10, 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html</a><br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008 A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html</a><br /><br />MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html</a><br /><br />Saturday, June 21, 2008 HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html</a><br /><br />if you will notice on the forms page on the cjd foundation site, there is not cjd questionnaire ??? strange...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/forms.html">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/forms.html</a><br /><br />vCJD questionnaire<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume8/pdf/1stquestionnaire.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume8/pdf/1stquestionnaire.pdf</a><br /><br />USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br />why is a cjd questionnaire not listed on the cjd foundation 'forms' site with the rest of their forms ???<br /><br />i thought they had one now going out to all families of victims of a human TSE???<br /><br />this is very important that a _written_ cjd questionnaire, asking extensive questions pertaining to any potential route and source of the TSE agent be submitted to every family of a victim of a human TSE. this is key to finding cause. so why is this still so difficult? are the families of CJD victims getting these written cjd questionnaires??? i hope so....<br /><br />2008<br />The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is<br /><br />_one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older_.<br /><br />Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html">http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html</a><br /><br />FDA FAILED US<br /><br /><a href="http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/">http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br />SCIENCE BUSHWHACKED<br /><br /><a href="http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/">http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br />Sunday, July 20, 2008 Red Cross told to fix blood collection or face charges 15 years after warnings issued, few changes made to ensure safety<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/07/red-cross-told-to-fix-blood-collection.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/07/red-cross-told-to-fix-blood-collection.html</a><br /><br />we know how clusters are handled in NJ too. as long as the infamous UKBSEnvCJD only theory is in play, the CDC et al will play it out to the T. no other science will exist, and it does not matter that the last two mad cows in the USA were atypical BSE. as old stan said, nothing else matters, just the beef crossing the borders. just because science is now pointing to not only BSE to nvCJD, but atypical BSE looking like some sub types of sporadic CJD, atypical scrapie looking also like some sub types of sporadic CJD. CWD to humans as ? come on folks, how long can this same sad masquerade keep on playing out$$$<br /><br />An Evaluation of a Suspected Cluster of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in New Jersey May 2004 Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />If consumption of BSE contaminated beef at the GSRT between 1988 and 1992 caused sporadic CJD, the data should show increases in the numbers of case-patients by now, assuming the same lag (incubation) period as vCJD.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/cjd2004.pdf">http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/cjd2004.pdf</a><br /><br />The Case of the Cherry Hill Cluster By D.T. MAX<br /><br />Published: March 28, 2004<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/28/magazine/28MADCOW.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5007&en=e9ce343a2ac0c0ac&ex=1395810000&partner=USERLAND">http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/28/magazine/28MADCOW.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5007&en=e9ce343a2ac0c0ac&ex=1395810000&partner=USERLAND</a><br /><br />-- the scientists who say it exists; the heartbroken family members who doubt it. Early, deep in his grief, he would sign his e-mail messages to scientists, ''I am the madson of a deadmom who died of madcow.'' Singeltary turned out to be helpful for Skarbek. He pointed her to a paper that was published in 2002 in the journal of the European Molecular Biology Organization by John Collinge, the premier prion researcher in England. Collinge argued that experiments conducted in mice suggest that infections with mad cow can sometimes look like sporadic C.J.D. Collinge accepted the implications: he recommended that ''serious consideration should be given'' to the idea that some of the more recent sporadic C.J.D. cases in Europe were in fact related to mad cow disease.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/28/magazine/28MADCOW.html?pagewanted=5&ei=5007&en=e9ce343a2ac0c0ac&ex=1395810000&partner=USERLAND">http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/28/magazine/28MADCOW.html?pagewanted=5&ei=5007&en=e9ce343a2ac0c0ac&ex=1395810000&partner=USERLAND</a><br /><br />i hate to inform them, but sporadic CJD has increased. sporadic CJD in the USA went from 28 cases _documented_ in 1997, to 170 cases of sporadic CJD _documented_ in 2007. i'm not a math wiz, but looks like an increase to me. ...<br /><br />6 Includes 55 cases with type determination pending in which the diagnosis of vCJD has been excluded.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf</a><br /><br />hmmm, they can exclude vCJD, but yet include them as a prion disease, but yet not know what the hell it is, and at the same time, keep telling everyone i.e. media, that ;<br /><br />>>>Further tests will be conducted to determine the cause of the Cape patient's illness, but state disease trackers said there is nothing to suggest that the patient's case is associated with mad cow disease. Instead, like virtually all cases in the United States, it is almost certainly not linked to any obvious external cause.<<<<br /><br />stupid is, as stupid does, and joe-q-public continues to believe this garbage. ...TSS<br />He added that because the CDC only provide information on diseases, they have no plans<br />to make a separate press release on the issue including the result of the investigation.<br />and that is the way they plan to keep it, all spontaneous, sporadic, no route, no source $$$<br /><br />DEEP THROAT TO TSS 2000-2001 (take these old snips of emails with how ever many grains of salt you wish. ...tss)<br /><br />The most frightening thing I have read all day is the report of Gambetti's finding of a new strain of sporadic cjd in young people...<br /><br />Dear God, what in the name of all that is holy is that!!! If the US has different strains of scrapie.....why????than the UK...<br /><br />then would the same mechanisms that make different strains of scrapie here make different strains of BSE...if the patterns are different in sheep and mice for scrapie.....could not the BSE be different in the cattle, in the mink, in the humans.......I really think the slides or tissues and everything from these young people with the new strain of sporadic cjd should be put up to be analyzed by many, many experts in cjd........bse.....scrapie Scrape the damn slide and put it into mice.....wait.....chop up the mouse brain and and spinal cord........put into some more mice.....dammit amplify the thing and start the damned research.....This is NOT rocket science...we need to use what we know and get off our butts and move....the whining about how long everything takes.....well it takes a whole lot longer if you whine for a year and then start the research!!!<br /><br />Not sure where I read this but it was a recent press release or something like that: I thought I would fall out of my chair when I read about how there was no worry about infectivity from a histopath slide or tissues because they are preserved in formic acid, or formalin or formaldehyde.....for God's sake........ Ask any pathologist in the UK what the brain tissues in the formalin looks like after a year.......it is a big fat sponge...the agent continues to eat the brain ......you can't make slides anymore because the agent has never stopped........and the old slides that are stained with Hemolysin and Eosin......they get holier and holier and degenerate and continue...what you looked at 6 months ago is not there........Gambetti better be photographing every damned thing he is looking at.....<br /><br /><br />Okay, you need to know. You don't need to pass it on as nothing will come of it and there is not a damned thing anyone can do about it. Don't even hint at it as it will be denied and laughed at.......... USDA is gonna do as little as possible until there is actually a human case in the USA of the nvcjd........if you want to move this thing along and shake the earth....then we gotta get the victims families to make sure whoever is doing the autopsy is credible, trustworthy, and a saint with the courage of Joan of Arc........I am not kidding!!!! so, unless we get a human death from EXACTLY the same form with EXACTLY the same histopath lesions as seen in the UK nvcjd........forget any action........it is ALL gonna be sporadic!!!<br /><br /><br />And, if there is a case.......there is gonna be every effort to link it to international travel, international food, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. They will go so far as to find out if a sex partner had ever traveled to the UK/europe, etc. etc. .... It is gonna be a long, lonely, dangerous twisted journey to the truth. They have all the cards, all the money, and are willing to threaten and carry out those threats....and this may be their biggest downfall...<br /><br /><br />Thanks as always for your help. (Recently had a very startling revelation from a rather senior person in government here..........knocked me out of my chair........you must keep pushing. If I was a power person....I would be demanding that there be a least a million bovine tested as soon as possible and agressively seeking this disease. The big players are coming out of the woodwork as there is money to be made!!! In short: "FIRE AT WILL"!!! for the very dumb....who's "will"! "Will be the burden to bare if there is any coverup!"<br /><br /><br />again it was said years ago and it should be taken seriously....BSE will NEVER be found in the US! As for the BSE conference call...I think you did a great service to freedom of information and making some people feign integrity...I find it scary to see that most of the "experts" are employed by the federal government or are supported on the "teat" of federal funds. A scary picture! I hope there is a confidential panel organized by the new government to really investigate this thing.<br /><br /><br />You need to watch your back........but keep picking at them.......like a buzzard to the bone...you just may get to the truth!!! (You probably have more support than you know. Too many people are afraid to show you or let anyone else know. I have heard a few things myself... you ask the questions that everyone else is too afraid to ask.)<br /><br /><br />snip...end<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/portsmouth-woman-did-not-die-of-mad-cow.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/portsmouth-woman-did-not-die-of-mad-cow.html</a><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-14725406883572097692008-04-29T21:12:00.000-05:002008-04-29T21:14:16.109-05:00Spatial Clusters of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Mortality in Japan between 1995 and 2004Original Paper<br /><br />Spatial Clusters of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Mortality in Japan between 1995 and 2004<br /><br />Y. Doia, T. Yokoyamab, M. Sakaib, Y. Nakamurac, T. Tangob, K. Takahashib<br /><br />Departments of aEducation and Training Technology, and bTechnology Assessment and Biostatistics, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, and cDepartment of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan<br /><br />Address of Corresponding Author<br /><br />Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:222-228 (DOI: 10.1159/000126916)<br /><br />---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----<br /><br />Key Words<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Mortality Death certificate Flexible scan statistic Spatial disease cluster<br /><br />---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Background: There is suggested to be a geographical difference in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) mortality in Japan. We performed a study to detect localized clusters and hot-spot areas of deaths from CJD in Japan during the 10-year period from 1995 to 2004. Methods: The diagnosis of CJD was taken from the death certificate (coded as A81.0 in the ICD-10). A total number of 1,168 CJD deaths (500 males and 668 females) were used for analysis using empirical Bayes estimates of standardized mortality ratios and the flexible spatial scan statistic to detect clusters. To detect the most likely cluster, p values were obtained using Monte Carlo hypothesis testing (with p < 0.05 as statistical significance).Results: The most likely cluster of CJD mortality was located in the northwest region from the base of Mt. Fuji, stretching over the two neighboring prefectures of Yamanashi and Shizuoka (relative risk = 2.28, p = 0.021). Some other clusters were detected but were not significant. Conclusions: The present study supports the evidence of geographical clustering of deaths from CJD at a specific location in Japan.<br /><br />Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel<br /><br />---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----<br /><br />Author Contacts<br /><br />Yuriko Doi, MD, MPH Department of Education and Training Technology National Institute of Public Health 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197 (Japan) Tel. +81 48 458 6111, Fax +81 48 469 0213, E-Mail yuriko@niph.go.jp<br /><br /><a href="http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=000126916">http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=000126916</a><br /><br /><br />CJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Friday, April 25, 2008<br /><br />Substances Prohibited From Use in Animal Food or Feed [Docket No. 2002N-0273] (Formerly Docket No. 02N-0273) RIN 0910-AF46<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/04/substances-prohibited-from-use-in.html">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/04/substances-prohibited-from-use-in.html</a><br /><br /><br />MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2557675840435427710.post-82155646872570519452007-12-16T15:25:00.000-06:002009-11-06T15:47:29.714-06:00Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas 2000-2006Sunday, December 16, 2007<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance in Texas 2000–2006<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by prions. The disease is usually fatal within a year and there is currently no known treatment or cure. CJD has been a reportable condition in Texas since 1998. There are currently four known types: sporadic, familial, variant, and iatrogenic. Diagnosis is complex and direct examination of brain tissue is required for case confirmation and identification of the type of CJD. During 2000–2006, there were 181 cases of confirmed, probable, or possible CJD diagnosed among Texas residents, including 88 cases of sporadic CJD, 5 cases of familial CJD, and 1 case of variant CJD. Most case-patients were male (55%) and 55 years of age or older (78%). The Texas Department of State Health Services is available to assist health care professionals with arrangement of free diagnostic testing and to provide resources for family support.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Texas Surveillance<br /><br />CJD has been a reportable condition in Texas since 1998. The majority of CJD cases are reported to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) by test or autopsy reports received from the Prion Center. A few cases are discovered by routine death certificate review and some cases are reported by a local or regional health department, health care provider, or family member. Copies of results from all CJD-related testing performed by the Prion Center are sent to DSHS as a part of routine surveillance procedures. DSHS reviews test results and investigates all cases with positive test results including those with elevated CSF 14-3-3 protein levels. Table 1 summarizes the number of cases for all types of CJD in Texas (2000–2006). Each year in Texas, the total number of confirmed, probable, or possible sporadic CJD cases has remained somewhat constant (mean=13; range= 6–15). In addition, on average, one case of familial CJD was diagnosed each year in Texas during 2000–2006, all from separate families. Only 1 case of variant CJD has ever been diagnosed in Texas. The patient was a former resident of the United Kingdom, where the exposure was likely to have occurred. Texas has a population of 23 million, and since the national rate of sporadic CJD is about 1 per million, it is expected that approximately 23 cases of CJD would occur each year in the state. Therefore, it is believed that CJD is currently underreported in Texas. Table 2 describes sporadic and familial CJD cases in Texas according to gender and age. Of the patients diagnosed with CJD during 2000–2006, 58% were male and 79% were 55 years of age or older. Figure 1 depicts the number of CJD cases per county for the years 2000–2006. Note that higher numbers of cases are located in counties with higher populations.<br /><br />CJD should be suspected and reported to DSHS in individuals who meet the following criteria:<br /><br />1) Dementia of early onset (younger than 55 years of age) or 2) Rapidly progressive dementia and one of more of the following: • Movement disorder • Painful sensory symptoms • Visual disturbances or 3) Diagnosed by a physician as having CJD<br /><br />Case Classification<br /><br />The World Health Organization (WHO) established recommended standards for all types of CJD surveillance in 1997 (Table 3). The United States, including Texas, has adopted these surveillance standards to determine case classification for sCJD, fCJD and iCJD. For vCJD, CDC has developed diagnostic case criteria for use in the United States (Table 3). Direct examination of brain tissue through either biopsy or autopsy is highly recommended for all types of CJD and is required for confirmation of sporadic CJD and variant CJD. A sCJD case is determined to be ‘probable’ if there is enough diagnostic testing to suggest CJD but no autopsy has been performed. Patients considered for<br /><br />probable sCJD must exhibit progressive dementia and have a typical EEG and/or elevated CSF 14-3-3 protein. In addition they must display at least 2 of 4 clinical features: myoclonus, visual or cerebellar disturbance, akinetic mutism, and/or pyramidal/extrapyramidal dysfunction. For a case to be listed as ‘possible’, the patient must have progressive dementia and at least 2 of the listed clinical features, disease duration of less than 2 years and either no EEG testing or EEG atypical for CJD. Iatrogenic CJD must have a known risk factor, e.g., high risk surgery or cadaver-derived pituitary hormone. Familial CJD is considered confirmed in a patient with a neuropsychiatric disorder if a first degree relative had confirmed or probable CJD or a disease-specific prion protein gene mutation has been identified. Table 3 describes the case classification for each type of CJD.<br /><br />Conclusions<br /><br />CJD is an emerging disease that may be misdiagnosed and appears to be underreported in Texas. As with other emerging diseases, the partnership of the medical community and public health epidemiologists provides a framework to share information and expertise among local, state, federal and international colleagues and to detect and respond to<br /><br />diseases that are rapidly fatal, difficult to diagnose, and rare. Enhanced surveillance will provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of this disease and its impact and opportunities for mitigation. Recognition of possible CJD and reporting by health professionals is an integral part of CJD surveillance in Texas. CJD is a reportable disease in Texas. All suspected cases should be reported within one week to the Texas Department of State Health Services, Infectious Disease Control Unit. Confirmation and typing of the disease requires neuropathological confirmation by direct examination of brain tissue, usually postmortem, by the Prion Center. It is important to establish the precise type of CJD to help monitor disease occurrence especially for variant CJD. Physicians should strongly consider arranging for autopsies of suspected or clinically-diagnosed CJD patients. The Texas Department of State Health Services can assist health professionals by arranging free diagnostic testing and providing resources for family support.<br /><br />References...snip...end...TSS<br /><br />Table 1. Cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Texas*§<br /><br />Type 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total<br /><br />Sporadic<br /><br />Confirmed 9 8 4 6 7 8 5 47<br /><br />Probable 2 4 1 5 5 6 3 26<br /><br />Possible 3 1 1 4 1 0 0 10<br /><br />Subtotal 14 13 6 15 13 14 8 83<br /><br />Familial 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 5<br /><br />Iatrogenic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br /><br />Variant 0 0 0 0 0 0 1† 1<br /><br />Total 14 14 7 16 13 15 10 89<br /><br />*Based on data as of June 15, 2007.<br /><br />† Confirmed in United Kingdom and reported to Texas Department of State Health Services through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<br /><br />§ Based on year of death.<br /><br />Table 2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases* in Texas by gender and age 2000–2006†§<br /><br />Characteristics 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total<br /><br />Gender<br /><br />Male 10 8 3 6 10 7 7 51<br /><br />Female 4 6 4 10 3 8 2 37<br /><br />Age (years)<br /><br /><55>55 11 14 4 12 10 11 7 68<br /><br />* Based on data as of June 15, 2007.<br /><br />† Includes cases of possible, probable and confirmed sporadic CJD and confirmed familial CJD.<br /><br />§ Based on year of death.<br /><br />Volume 64/Number 8/ November 5, 2007<br /><br /><a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/epilink/volume_64/issue_8/docs/640804.pdf">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/epilink/volume_64/issue_8/docs/640804.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />please notice Texas 2006 ;<br /><br />† Confirmed in United Kingdom and reported to Texas Department of State Health Services through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<br /><br />Only 1 case of variant CJD has ever been diagnosed in Texas. The patient was a former resident of the United Kingdom, where the exposure was likely to have occurred. Texas has a population of 23 million, and since the national rate of sporadic CJD is about 1 per million, it is expected that approximately 23 cases of CJD would occur each year in the state. Therefore, it is believed that CJD is currently underreported in Texas. ...END...TSS<br /><br />also see ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/">http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/creutzfeldt-jakob/data/</a><br /><br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Northeast Texas,<br /><br />J.A. Rawlings,*1 K.A. Hendricks1, O.M. Nuno1, D.A. Brown1, D.A. Evans2, Texas Department of Health, 1Austin and 2Tyler, Texas<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, is caused by prions composed of proteinaceous material devoid of nucleic acid. CJD occurs sporadically (generally 1 case/1,000,000 population per year) in older patients (average age of 65) and is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, accompanied by severe muscle spasms and incoordination. Death usually occurs within 3 to 12 months (average 7 months). CJD activity in Texas, which has a population of nearly 19 million, appeared to be typical. The statewide death rate for 1995 and 1996 was just under 1/1,000,000. In April of 1997, the Texas Department of Health became aware of an increased number of possible CJD cases in a 23-county area of NE Texas with a population of just over one million. After review of medical and pathology records, four patients were identified with definite classic CJD and three were identified with probable CJD. Dates of death for the eight patients were from April, 1996 through mid-July 1997. The patients were from 46 through 65 years of age; four were male and three were female. A case-control study to identify risks for CJD in NE Texas has been initiated.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm">http://www.jifsan.umd.edu/tse/Rawlings.htm</a><br /><br /><br />North American Equity Research<br /><br />New York<br /><br />13 January 2004<br /><br />BSE (Mad Cow) Update:<br /><br />Do Reports of sCJD Clusters Matter?<br /><br />· There have been seven cases of human sCJD clusters identified in the US in the last 15 years, in which people in a specific location were diagnosed with sCJD, resulting in rates between 2.1 and 8.4 deaths per million people for that specific location compared with the national average of one in 1 million. · There is no proven link between sCJD and BSE, and hence it is considered a different disease from vCJD (which has been linked to BSE). However, the existence of clusters raises the question of “contamination" or “infection”, and also raises the hypothesis that rather than cases of sCJD these might have been cases of vCJD. · Clusters are not spontaneous, they normally have a source. Moreover, some cases of sCJD may have been improperly diagnosed as Alzheimer's.· We continue to believe that as long as no further cases of BSE-positive cows are found in North America and the industry has respected the 1997 ban on animal feed for live cattle, beef consumption in the US will not suffer. · Moreover, due to political pressure we expect key overseas markets (Japan, South Korea, and Mexico) to open up to US beef in the next six months – the recent 20% drop in cattle prices can be attributed mainly to these import bans. · However, two concerns linger and should be kept in mind by investors, 1) Has the 1997 ban on animal feed for live cattle been honored by the beef industry? 2) Can clusters of cases of sporadic CJD (or sCJD) really be a variant of CJD and indeed be linked to BSE? In this note we focus on the issue of sCJD clusters, and the potential impact that the growing debate on clusters could have on beef consumption in the US. United States Foods Pablo E. Zuanic(1-212) 622-6744pablo.zuanic@jpmorgan.comChristopher M. Bledsoe(1-212) 622-6386christopher.m.bledsoe@jpmorgan.comDaniel Ogbonna(212) 622-6382daniel.c.ogbonna@jpmorgan.com<br /><br />State of Our Views Regarding BSE in the US<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Existence of Clusters of sCJD May Imply They Are Really Cases of vCJD There have been seven sCJD clusters identified in the US in the last 15 years, in which people in a specific location were diagnosed with sCJD, resulting in rates between 1.2 and 8.4 deaths per million people for that specific location compared with the national average of one in 1 million. The existence of clusters raises the question of “contamination" or “infection”, and also raises the hypothesis that rather than cases of sCJD these might have been cases of vCJD. Clusters are not spontaneous, they normally have a source.<br /><br />A cluster consists of two statistical improbabilities: 1) multiple cases occurring in a relatively limited geographic area, and 2) multiple cases occurring within the same time period. The most recent cluster was found in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. The others have been found in Lehigh, Pennsylvania (1986-90), Allentown, Pennsylvania (1989-92), Tampa, Florida (1996-97), Oregon (2001-02), and Nassau County, New York (1999-2000). Given that sCJD occurs randomly in one out of one million cases, it is a statistical rarity to find an sCJD cluster – let alone six. The following tables highlight known clusters in the US.<br /><br />Table 1:<br /><br />Clustered sCJD Deaths<br /><br />Local sCJD Deaths<br /><br />Time Span State Local Area Pop. (MM) Period (mo.) Total Ann'lized<br /><br />1986-1990 PA Lehigh Valley 0.5 48 18 4.5<br /><br />1989-1992 PA Allentown 2.5 36 15 5.0<br /><br />1996-1997 FL Tampa 2.2 18 13 8.7<br /><br />1996-1999 TX Denton .01 38 4 1.3<br /><br />1999-2000 NY Nassau County 1.3 12 7 7.0<br /><br />2001-2002 OR Entire State 3.4 24 14 7.0<br /><br />2000-2003* NJ Cherry Hill Area 1.7 36 12 4.0<br /><br />Source: JPMorgan.<br /><br />The second table, below, shows what portion of the state's total expected sCJD cases (as based on a one per million occurrence) were found in the local cluster, comparing the local cluster's portion of cases with the local area's portion of the state's total population. The greater the factor between the former and the latter suggests a higher statistical improbability that the cluster is spontaneous (sCJD).<br /><br />Table 2: Clustered sCJD Deaths vs. Expected State Cases<br /><br />Annual Statewide Local Area (% of Time Span State Local Area sCJD Deaths* exp. state cases state pop.<br /><br />1986-1990 PA Lehigh Valley 11.9 37.8% 4.5%<br /><br />1989-1992 PA Allentown 12.0 41.7% 20.8%<br /><br />1996-1997 FL Tampa 14.1 61.5% 15.7%<br /><br />1996-1999 TX Denton 20.9 6.1% .02%<br /><br />1999-2000 NY Nassau County 18.1 38.7% 7.4%<br /><br />2001-2002 OR Entire State 3.4 205.9% 100.0%<br /><br />2000-2003* NJ Cherry Hill Area 8.0 50.0% 21.6%<br /><br />* *State cases are extrapolated based on state population and the 1 per million national average. Source: JPMorgan.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Copyright 2003 J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.—All rights reserved.<br /><br />THIS MATERIAL IS ISSUED AND DISTRIBUTED IN MALAYSIA BY J.P. MORGAN MALAYSIA SDN. BHD. (18146-X).<br /><br /><br />########### http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0401&L=BSE-L&T=0&F=&S=&P=25337">https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0401&L=BSE-L&T=0&F=&S=&P=25337</a><br /><br /><br /><br />JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY<br /><br />MARCH 26, 2003<br /><br />RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob<br /><br />disease in the United States<br /><br />Email Terry S. Singeltary:<br /><br />flounder@wt.net<br /><br /><br />I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535">http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535</a><br /><br /><br />US Concern CJD Screening May Miss Thousands Of Cases<br /><br />By Steve Mitchell Zwire.co, United Press International (via COMTEX) 7-23-3<br /><br />The UK Department of Health website maintains the only comprehensive source of comparative data on the incidence of the various forms of CJD in any population. The UK Department of Health monthly reports are reproduced in ProMED-mail close to the beginning of each month (see references below). - Mod.CP]<br /><br />The federal government's monitoring system for cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a fatal human brain illness, could be missing tens of thousands of victims, scientists and consumer advocates have told United Press International.<br /><br />Variant CJD [abbreviated as CJD (new var.) or vCJD in ProMED-mail] can be [contracted] by eating beef [from cattle] with mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy - abbreviated as BSE), but the critics assert that, without a better tracking system, it might be impossible to determine whether any [cases of sporadic CJD] are [cases of vCJD] or to obtain an accurate picture of the prevalence of the disorder in the United States.<br /><br />Beginning in the late 1990s, more than 100 people contracted vCJD in the United Kingdom and several European countries after eating beef infected with BSE. [The mode of transmission of the BSE agent to humans has not been established conclusively, but is presumed on circumstantial grounds to be a consequence of consumption of contaminated meat. - Mod.CP]<br /><br />No case of [BSE] has ever been detected in U.S. cattle, and the monitoring system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has never detected a case of vCJD . Nevertheless, critics say, the CDC's system [may] miss many cases of the disease, which currently is not treatable and is always fatal.<br /><br />The first symptoms of CJD typically include memory loss and difficulty keeping balance and walking. As the disease destroys the brain, patients rapidly progress in a matter of months to difficulty with movement, an inability to talk and swallow and, finally, death. Spontaneously-occurring or sporadic CJD is a rare disorder. Only about 300 cases appear nationwide each year, but several studies have suggested that the disorder might be more common than thought and that as many as tens of thousands of cases might be going unrecognized. Clusters of [sporadic] CJD have been reported in various areas of the United States -- Pennsylvania in 1993, Florida in 1994, Oregon in 1996, New York in 1999-2000, and Texas in 1996. In addition, several people in New Jersey developed CJD in recent years, including a 56-year-old woman who died on 31 May 2003. Although in some instances, a [BSE] link was suspected, all of the cases ultimately were classified as sporadic CJD.<br /><br />People who develop CJD [presumably as a result of] eating BSE-contaminated beef have been thought to develop the specific form of the disorder called variant CJD. But new research, released in December 2002 [see ProMED-mail post archived as: CJD (new var.) - UK: update 2003 (03) 20030204.0299], [suggests] that the [BSE] pathogen [may] cause both sporadic CJD and the variant form. "Now people are beginning to realize that because something looks like sporadic CJD they can't necessarily conclude that it is not linked to [BSE]," said Laura Manuelidis, section chief of surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale University, who conducted a 1989 study that found 13 percent of Alzheimer's patients actually had CJD.<br /><br />Several studies, including the Manuelidis study, have found that autopsies reveal 3 to 13 percent of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's or dementia actually suffered from CJD. Those numbers might sound low, but there are 4 million Alzheimer's cases and hundreds of thousands of dementia cases in the United States. A small percentage of those cases could add up to 120 000 or more CJD victims going undetected and not included in official statistics.<br /><br />Experiences in [the UK] and Switzerland -- both countries that discovered mad cow disease in their cattle -- have heightened concerns about the possibility that some cases of sporadic CJD are due to consuming mad-cow-tainted beef. Both countries have reported increases in sporadic CJD since BSE was first detected in British herds in 1986. Switzerland discovered in 2002 that its CJD rate was twice that of any other country in the world. Switzerland had been seeing 8 to 11 cases per year from 1997 to 2000. Then the incidence more than doubled, to 19 cases in 2001 and 18 cases in 2002.<br /><br />The CDC says the annual rate of CJD in the United States is one case per million people, but the above studies suggest the true prevalence of CJD is not known, Manuelidis told UPI. Diagnosing CJD or Alzheimer's is difficult because no test exists that can identify either disease in a living patient with certainty. So physicians must rely on the patient's symptoms to determine which illness might be present. Sometimes, however, the symptoms of one disease can appear similar to the other. The only way to determine the disease conclusively is to perform an autopsy on the brain after death. Unfortunately, although autopsies once were performed on approximately half of all corpses, the frequency has dropped to 15 percent or less in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) -- a branch of the CDC -- stopped collecting autopsy data in 1995. "If we don't do autopsies and we don't look at people's brains ... we have no idea about the general prevalence of these kinds of infections and (whether) it is changing," Manuelidis said.<br /><br />While autopsies have been declining, the number of deaths attributed to Alzheimer's has increased more than 50-fold since 1979, going from 857 deaths then to nearly 50 000 in 2000. Though it is unlikely the dramatic increase in Alzheimer's is due entirely to misdiagnosed CJD cases, it "could explain some of the increase we've seen," Manuelidis said.<br /><br />"Neurodegenerative disease and Alzheimer's disease have become a waste-basket" for mental illness in the elderly that is difficult to diagnose conclusively, she said. "In other words, what people call Alzheimer's now is [broader] than what people used to call it, and that has the possibility of encompassing more diseases -- including CJD." The autopsy studies that found undiagnosed CJD cases raise the question of whether the United States "already has an undetected epidemic here," Jeff Nelson, director of Vegsource.com, a vegetarian advocacy web-site, told UPI. "What's the source of that?" Nelson asked. "Could it be the same source of encephalopathy we saw in minks?"<br /><br />Nelson referred to an outbreak of a [transmissible spongiform encephalopathy] in minks in Wisconsin in the 1980s. The origin was traced back to the animals' diet, which included parts of so-called downer cattle -- sick cows that are unable to stand, which often indicates a neurological disease, including mad cow. The mink disease raised concerns about whether U.S. cattle were carrying a mad-cow-like pathogen even prior to the U.K. epidemic that began in 1986.<br /><br />Andrew Monjan, chief of the neuropsychology of aging program at the National Institute of Aging (part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland), acknowledged there has been an increase in U.S. Alzheimer's cases. However, he told UPI, this probably is due to the aging of the population -- as people grow older, they develop a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's. "There's been no change in the number of CJD cases in the country, and there has been clearly a tracking of the unusual cases of CJD" that could be due to mad cow disease, Monjan said.<br /><br />However, Terry Singletary, coordinator of CJD Watch -- an organization founded to track CJD cases -- says efforts to track the disease have been close to nonexistent. For example, only 12 states require such reports. Therefore, many cases might be going undetected, unreported, or misdiagnosed. If more states made CJD a reportable illness, there would be more clusters detected across the United States, said Singletary, who became involved with CJD advocacy after his mother died from a form of CJD known as Heidenhain variant.<br /><br />In the 18-year period between 1979 and 1996, he noted, the country saw a jump from one case of sporadic CJD in people under the age of 30 -- a warning sign for a link to [BSE], because nearly all of the U.K. victims were 30 years of age or younger, to 5 cases in 5 years between 1997 and 2001. "That represents a substantial blip," he told UPI. Singletary also said there have been increases in sporadic CJD in France, Germany, and Italy, all of which have detected mad cow disease in their cattle.<br /><br />So far, the CDC has refused to impose a national requirement that physicians and hospitals report cases of the disease. The agency has not chosen to make CJD a reportable disease because "making it reportable is not necessarily directly helpful in surveillance, because in some states where it's reportable you may not get the physician to report it," said Dr. Ermias Belay, CDC's medical epidemiologist working on CJD. Instead, the agency relies on other methods, including death certificates and urging physicians to send suspicious cases to the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC) at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, which is funded by the CDC.<br /><br />However, because autopsies generally are not done, if a CJD case is misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's or dementia, a correct diagnosis might never be made, and therefore the cause of death listed on a death certificate might be inaccurate. Belay told UPI he discounted this possibility. It is unlikely to happen, he said, because it is easy to distinguish CJD from Alzheimer's -- the 2 conditions display different symptoms.<br /><br />Manuelidis disagreed. It can be quite difficult to determine accurately whether a patient has CJD, as evidenced by her study, in which respected and competent neurologists and psychiatrists at Yale originally diagnosed patients with Alzheimer's, yet were wrong at least 13 percent of the time. Another study conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, which found 6 percent of dementia patients actually were suffering from CJD, supports the difficulty in distinguishing the illnesses correctly. The U. Penn. researchers concluded that: "These results show that in patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia, the etiology cannot be accurately predicted during life."<br /><br />In addition, the NPDPSC sees less than half of all the CJD cases each year, so the CDC's investigational system not only is missing many of the misdiagnosed CJD cases, it also is not conducting autopsies on most of the detected cases. Belay said that the CDC follows up on all cases of CJD that occur in people under age 55, as these could be linked to variant (BSE-related) CJD. But so far, all have turned out to be sporadic forms of the disease. About 30 cases of the disorder occur each year in the United States in this age group, while the remaining 270 or so are older.<br /><br />The case of a Philadelphia woman who developed a brain disorder that appeared to be CJD and died from it in 2000 at the age of 29 -- illustrates just how difficult it can be to diagnose the disease. Her physician, Dr. Peter Crinos of the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, ruled out other disorders and felt certain the young woman had died of CJD, a concern that raised the possibility of a link to mad cow disease because of her young age. When neuropathologist Nicholas Gonatas, who had seen CJD before, examined the woman's brain after her death, he, likewise, was confident he detected the microscopic, sponge-like holes caused by the disease. But when he sent brain samples to the NPDPSC, the results came back negative. Gonatas, convinced the surveillance center's finding was erroneous, sent off 2 more samples, only to have them both come back negative. Subsequent research, however, has shown the test used by the surveillance center cannot rule out CJD, said Crinos, an assistant professor of neurology. "There's no question that the young woman had a spongiform encephalopathy," Crinos said, but added although it appeared to be CJD, it is difficult if not impossible to say whether it was due to mad cow disease.<br /><br />Crinos told UPI until the CDC implements a better tracking system, a lot of questions will remain about CJD and cases like the young Philadelphia woman's. One central question: Why are cases of what is presumed to be a rare disease popping up in clusters in certain areas of the country? Crinos said the clustering suggests an environmental or food-borne cause, but so far, "No one knows the answer to that."<br /><br /><a href="http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=9882702&BRD=1713&PAG=740&dept_id=226965&rfi=6">http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=9882702&BRD=1713&PAG=740&dept_id=226965&rfi=6</a><br /><br /><br />ProMED Mail promed@promedmail.org<br /><br />[The above article raises some significant issues related to CJD surveillance in the USA, and factors that may be contributing to a significant under-reporting of CJD cases. First and foremost, CJD is not a nationally reportable disease. Even with nationally reportable diseases, one sees significant under-reporting, probably related to the health care delivery system in the USA, which is heavily weighted towards private-sector providers. Unfortunately the private sector is less consistent with disease reporting to state and federal levels. In the absence of a national mandate for reporting of a disease, the incentive becomes negligible, so the traditional "tip of the iceberg" seen in disease reporting shrinks even further.<br /><br />The study suggesting that up to 13 percent of cases diagnosed with Alzheimer's and other dementias may be due to CJD points out another weak link in CJD surveillance. The diagnosis does necessitate an autopsy, and autopsy rates have declined markedly in the USA, especially in the elderly. Hence the "Catch 22" -- what is needed for the diagnosis is an autopsy, but the autopsy isn't performed (as has been the case in many of the CJD "cluster" reports). The reverse of "seek and ye shall find" is "don't look and the problem isn't there." - Mod.MPP]<br /><br /><br />Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/">http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />CJD QUESTIONNAIRE<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />SCRAPIE USA<br /><br /><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE CASES USA<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE MAD COW BASE UPDATE USA<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy TME<br /><br /><a href="http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/">http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE<br /><br /><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />TSEAC MEETING<br /><br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br /><br />From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br /><br />To: FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOVCc: william.freas@fda.hhs.gov ; rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov<br /><br />Sent: Wednesday, November 29, 2006 1:24 PM<br /><br />Subject: TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006 [TSSSUBMISSION]<br /><br />November 29, 2006<br /><br />Greetings FDA, DHH, Dr. Freas, and Dr. Harvey et al,<br /><br />a kind and warm Holiday Greetings to you all. i kindly wish to submit the following to the TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006, about the assessment for potential exposure to vCJD in human plasma-derived antihemophilic factor (FVIII) products manufactured from U.S. plasma donors and related communication material ;<br /><br /><a href="http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm">http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm</a><br /><br /><br />i see the media picked up on this as a 'low risk', from what the gov. agency perceived to be to them;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines">http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines</a><br /><br /><br />however, i seem to disagree. from my primitive ciphering, i see it anotherway. this is a huge catastrophic risk. 3 in 160 is 1.9%. so call that 2% which is 1 in 50 or twenty per thousand or 20,000 per million. also, what about the mixed genotypes/mixed susceptibility? what about the silent carriers that donated tainted blood? what about the sporadic CJDs of UNKNOWN strain or phenotype? this risk assessment is just more BSe to me. just another in a long line of ...<br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />THIS was like closing the barn door after the mad cows got loose. not only the red cross, but the FDA has failed the public in protecting them from the TSE aka madcow agent. TSE agent i.e. bse, base, cwd, scrapie, tme, and any sub strains thereof. we do not know if these strains will or have transmitted to humans as subclinical TSE or clinical disease, and we do not know if they have or will transmit second, third, forth passage via friendly fire i.e. multiple potential routes via medical, surgical, pharmaceutical etc. IF you remember correctly Dr. Freas et al, i called this long ago, almost 6 years ago ;<br /><br />PDF]Freas, William TSS SUBMISSION Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder@wt.net] Monday, January 08, 200l 3:03 PM freas ...Freas, William From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder@wt.net] Sent: Monday, January 08,200l 3:03 PM To: freas@CBS5055530.CBER.FDA.GOV<br /><br />Subject: CJD/BSE (aka madcow) Human/Animal TSE?s--U.S.--Submission<br /><br />To Scientific Advisors and Consultants Staff January 2001 Meeting (short version)<br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas and Committee Members,<br /><br />I wish to submit the following information to the Scientific Advisors and Consultants Staff 2001 Advisory Committee (short version). I understand the reason of having to shorten my submission, but only hope that you add it to a copy of the long version, for members to take and read at their pleasure, (if cost is problem, bill me, address below). So when they realize some time in the near future of the 'real' risks i speak of from human/animal TSEs and blood/surgical products.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />I am beginning to think that the endless attempt to track down and ban, potential victims from known BSE Countries from giving blood will be futile. You would have to ban everyone on the Globe eventually? AS well, I think we MUST ACT SWIFTLY to find blood test for TSE's, whether it be blood test, urine test, eyelid test, anything at whatever cost, we need a test FAST. DO NOT let the incubation time period of these TSEs fool you. To think of Scrapie as the prime agent to compare CJD, but yet overlook the Louping-ill vaccine event in 1930's of which 1000's of sheep where infected by scrapie from a vaccine made of scrapie infected sheep brains, would be foolish. I acquired this full text version of the event which was recorded in the Annual Congress of 1946 National Vet. Med. Ass. of Great Britain and Ireland. From the BVA and the URL is posted in my (long version). ...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />see full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://tseac.blogspot.com/">http://tseac.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, October 24, 2007<br /><br />MADCOW USDA the untold story<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/">http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />FOIA MAD SHEEP MAD RIVER VALLEY<br /><br />DECLARATION OF EXTRAORDINARY EMERGENCY BECAUSE OF AN ATYPICAL T.S.E. (PRION DISEASE) OF FOREIGN ORIGIN IN THE UNITED STATES [Docket No. 00-072-1]<br /><br /><a href="http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/">http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />[Docket No. 03-025IFA] FSIS Prohibition of the Use of Specified Risk Materials for Human Food and Requirement for the Disposition of Non-Ambulatory Disabled Cattle<br /><br />9/13/2005<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />[Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />SEAC 99 DECEMBER 14, 2007<br /><br />Conclusions<br /><br />14. Preliminary research findings suggest that the potential risk of transmission of vCJD via dental procedures may be greater than previously anticipated. Although this research is incomplete, uses an animal model exposed to relatively high doses of infectivity, and there are no data from infectivity studies on human oral tissues, these findings suggest an increased possibility that vCJD may be relatively efficiently transmitted via a range of dental procedures. Ongoing infectivity studies using human oral tissues and the other studies suggested here will enable more precise assessment of the risks of vCJD transmission through dental procedures.<br /><br />15. Guidance was issued to dentists earlier this year recommending that endodontic files and reamers be treated as single use which, provided it is adhered to, will remove any risk of a self-sustaining epidemic arising from re-use of these instruments. To minimise risk it is critical that appropriate management and audit is in place, both for NHS and private dentistry.<br /><br />16. It is also critical that a detailed and comprehensive assessment of the risks of all dental procedures be conducted as a matter of urgency. While taking into account the continuing scientific uncertainties, this will allow a more thorough consideration of the possible public health implications of vCJD transmission via dentistry and the identification of possible additional precautionary risk reduction measures. The assessment will require continued updating as more evidence becomes available on the transmissibility of vCJD by dental routes, and on the prevalence of infection within the population. A DH proposal to convene an expert group that includes dental professionals to expedite such an assessment is welcomed. Given the potential for transmission via dentistry, consideration should be given to the urgent assessment of new decontamination technologies which, if proved robust and effective, could significantly reduce transmission risks.<br /><br />SEAC June 2007<br /><br />27 SEAC Epidemiology Subgroup (2006) position statement of the vCJD epidemic.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/state260106subgroup.htm">http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/state260106subgroup.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />28 DH (2007) Precautionary advice given to dentists on re-use of instruments<br /><br /><a href="http://www.gnn.gov.uk/environment/fullDetail.asp?ReleaseID=279256&NewsAreaID=2&NavigatedFromDepartment=False">http://www.gnn.gov.uk/environment/fullDetail.asp?ReleaseID=279256&NewsAreaID=2&NavigatedFromDepartment=False</a><br /><br /><br />see full text 17 pages ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/99-7.pdf">http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/99-7.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />SEAC 99th meeting on Friday 14th December 2007<br /><br />DECEMBER 14, 2007, 10 year Anniversary of my Moms death 'confirmed' from Heidenhain Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease<br /><br />Greetings,<br /><br />AS one of them _lay_ folks, one must only ponder ;<br /><br />"WITH the Nor-98 now documented in five different states so far in the USA in 2007, and with the TWO atypical BSE H-BASE cases in Texas and Alabama, with both scrapie and CWD running rampant in the USA, IS there any concern from SEAC with the rise of sporadic CJD in the USA from ''UNKNOWN PHENOTYPE'', and what concerns if any, in relations to blood donations, surgery, optical, and dental, do you have with these unknown atypical phenotypes in both humans and animals in the USA ???"<br /><br />"Does it concern SEAC, or is it of no concern to SEAC?"<br /><br />"Should it concern USA animal and human health officials?"<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br /><br />From: xxxxxxxxxx<br />To: <a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net">flounder9@verizon.net</a><br />Sent: Thursday, November 22, 2007 5:39 AM<br />Subject: QUESTION FOR SEAC<br /><br />Mr Terry S Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas 77518 USA.<br /><br />Dear Mr Singeltary,<br /><br />"Thank you for your e-mail of yesterday with the question for SEAC. I can confirm that this will be asked at the meeting on your behalf and the question and answer will appear in the minutes of the meeting which will be published on the SEAC Internet site."<br /><br />snip...end...TSS<br /><br />Archive Number 20071105.3602 Published Date 05-NOV-2007 Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Prion disease update 2007 (07)<br /><br />PRION DISEASE UPDATE 2007 (07)<br /><br />****************************** A ProMED-mail post<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />[2] USA: National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Date: June 2007 Source: National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (USA) [edited]<br /><br />CJD Cases examined ---------------------- Year / Referrals / Prion disease / Sporadic / Familial / Iatrogenic / vCJD<br /><br />1996 / 42 / 32 / 26 / 4 / 0 / 0<br /><br />1997 / 115 / 68 / 57 / 9 / 0 / 0<br /><br />1998 / 93 / 53 / 45 / 7 / 1 / 0<br /><br />1999 / 114 / 69 / 61 / 8 / 0 / 0<br /><br />2000 / 151 / 103 / 89 / 14 / 0 / 0<br /><br />2001 / 208 / 116 / 106 / 9 / 0 / 0<br /><br />2002 / 255 / 143 / 118 / 23 / 2 / 0<br /><br />2003 / 272 / 174 / 132 / 41 / 0 / 0<br /><br />2004 / 334 / 183 / 157 / 21 / 0 / 1*<br /><br />2005 / 352 / 195 / 152 / 37 / 1 / 0<br /><br />2006 / 372 / 186 / 143 / 30 / 0 / 1**<br /><br />2007 / 120 / 68 / 35 / 7 / 0 / 0<br /><br />TOTAL / 2428*** / 1390**** / 1121 / 210 / 4 / 2<br /><br />*Acquired in UK<br /><br />** Acquired in Saudi Arabia<br /><br />*** Includes 17 inconclusive and 9 pending (1 from 2006, 8 from 2007.<br /><br />**** Includes 17 non-vCJD type unknown (2 from 1996, 2 from 1997, 1<br /><br />from 2001, 1 from 2003, 4 from 2004, 3 from 2005, 4 from 2006) and 36<br /><br />type pending (2 from 2005, 8 from 2006, 26 from 2007).<br /><br />Notes:<br /><br />-- Cases are listed based on the year of death when available. If the year of death is not available, the year of sample receipt is used.<br /><br />-- Referrals: Cases with possible or probable prion disease from which brain tissue or blood in the case of familial disease were submitted.<br /><br />-- Inconclusive: Cases in which the samples were not sufficient to make a diagnosis.<br /><br />-- Non-vCJD type unknown are cases in which the tissue submitted was adequate to establish the presence but not the type; in all cases, vCJD could be excluded.<br /><br />-- Communicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br /><br />[In submitting these data, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. draws attention to the steady increase in the "type unknown" category, which, according to their definition, comprises cases in which vCJD could be excluded. The total of 26 cases for the current year (2007) is disturbing, possibly symptomatic of the circulation of novel agents. Characterization of these agents should be given a high priority. - Mod.CP]<br /><br /><a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:6833194127530602005::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,39963">http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:6833194127530602005::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,39963</a><br /><br /><br /><br />There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.<br /><br />He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />snip...full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://seac992007.blogspot.com/">http://seac992007.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Sunday, December 16, 2007<br /><br />Risk factors for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease<br /><br />Published Online: 11 Dec 2007<br /><br />Copyright © 2007 American Neurological Association<br /><br />Original Article<br /><br />Risk factors for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease<br /><br />Hester J. T. Ward, FFPH 1 *, Dawn Everington, MSc 1, Simon N. Cousens, MA 2, Blaire Smith-Bathgate, RGN 1, Michelle Gillies, MRCP 1, Katy Murray, MRCP 1, Richard S. G. Knight, FRCPE 1, Peter G. Smith, DSc 2, Robert G. Will, FRCP 1 1National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom<br /><br />email: Hester J. T. Ward (h.ward@ed.ac.uk)<br /><br />*Correspondence to Hester J. T. Ward, National CJD Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom<br /><br />Funded by: Department of Health; Grant Number: 121/7400 Scottish Executive Health Department; Grant Number: R39924<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Objective<br /><br />Although surgical transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been demonstrated, these iatrogenic cases account for only a small proportion of all CJD cases. The majority are sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases of unknown cause. This study investigated whether some cases classified as sCJD might have an unrecognized iatrogenic basis through surgical or other medical procedures<br /><br />Methods<br /><br />This study compared medical risk factors from 431 sCJD cases referred 1998 to 2006 with 454 population control subjects. Possible geographic and temporal links between neurological and gynecological operations in 857 sCJD cases referred from 1990 to 2006 were investigated<br /><br />Results<br /><br />A reported history of ever having undergone surgery was associated with increased risk for sCJD (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.1; p = 0.003). Increased risk was not associated with surgical categories chosen a priori but was confined to the residual category other surgery, in which the increase in risk appeared most marked for three subcategories: skin stitches, nose/throat operations, and removal of growths/cysts/moles. No convincing evidence was found of links (same hospital, within 2 years) between cases undergoing neurosurgery or gynecological surgery<br /><br />Interpretation<br /><br />It is unlikely that a high proportion of UK sCJD cases are the result of transmission during surgery, but we cannot exclude the possibility that such transmission occurs occasionally. A study based on accurate surgical histories obtained from medical records is required to determine whether the increased risk associated with reported surgical history reflects a causal association or recall bias. Ann Neurol 2007<br /><br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />Received: 24 May 2007; Revised: 5 September 2007; Accepted: 1 October 2007 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)<br /><br />10.1002/ana.21294 About DOI<br /><br />Additional Material<br /><br /><a href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/117861913/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0">http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/117861913/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0</a><br /><br /><br />***<br /><br />which the increase in risk appeared most marked for three subcategories:<br /><br />skin stitches, nose/throat operations, and removal of growths/cysts/moles.<br /><br />10 January 1990<br /><br />Other US BSE risks: the imported products picture<br /><br />24 Jul 00 Trade Statistics: UK to US<br /><br />Compiled by Terry S. Singeltary Sr of Bacliff, Texas<br /><br />[Opinion (webmaster): The US has focused for years on tracing, containing, and eradicating live animal imports from the UK or other countries with acknowledged BSE like Belgium, including some 499 cattle and the Vermont sheep. This strategy does not acknowledge imports of rendered bovine products from England during the BSE period nor secondary products such as surgical catgut, which is to say surgical cowgut, or dairy cattle embryos, vaccines for veterinarian and human medicines. What has become of these?<br /><br />Mr. Singeltary, who lost his mother to CJD of unexplained origin a few years back and went on to became a well-known TSE activist, has tracked down voluminous pertinent import data through correspondence with UK officials and searches of government web sites. Imports of such products are frequently cited by Europeans in rating BSE risks in the US and in shutting out US exports.<br /><br />Many people's eyes glaze over when reviewing reams of sometimes older trade statistics. There is no proof that any of the imported products was contaminated with BSE nor if so, any evidence that any BSE product lead to infection in US livestock, surgical patients, or what not. Nonetheless, the data obtained by Mr. Singeltary establish that an appalling variety and tonnage of products that were imported by the US from the UK and othr BSE-affected countries during the peak of the BSE epidemic years.]<br /><br />* which the increase in risk appeared most marked for three subcategories:<br /><br />* skin stitches, nose/throat operations, and removal of growths/cysts/moles.<br /><br />10 January 1990<br /><br />Other US BSE risks: the imported products picture<br /><br />24 Jul 00 Trade Statistics: UK to US<br /><br />Compiled by Terry S. Singeltary Sr of Bacliff, Texas<br /><br />[Opinion (webmaster): The US has focused for years on tracing, containing, and eradicating live animal imports from the UK or other countries with acknowledged BSE like Belgium, including some 499 cattle and the Vermont sheep. This strategy does not acknowledge imports of rendered bovine products from England during the BSE period nor secondary products such as surgical catgut, which is to say surgical cowgut, or dairy cattle embryos, vaccines for veterinarian and human medicines. What has become of these?<br /><br />Mr. Singeltary, who lost his mother to CJD of unexplained origin a few years back and went on to became a well-known TSE activist, has tracked down voluminous pertinent import data through correspondence with UK officials and searches of government web sites. Imports of such products are frequently cited by Europeans in rating BSE risks in the US and in shutting out US exports.<br /><br />Many people's eyes glaze over when reviewing reams of sometimes older trade statistics. There is no proof that any of the imported products was contaminated with BSE nor if so, any evidence that any BSE product lead to infection in US livestock, surgical patients, or what not. Nonetheless, the data obtained by Mr. Singeltary establish that an appalling variety and tonnage of products that were imported by the US from the UK and othr BSE-affected countries during the peak of the BSE epidemic years.]<br /><br />10 January 1990<br /><br />NOT FOR PUBLICATION<br /><br />COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES<br /><br />WORKING PARTY ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY<br /><br />SURGICAL CATGUT SUTURES<br /><br />2.1 At the first meeting of the Working Party on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy on 6 September 1989, detailed consideration was given to XXXXX Surgical Catgut. This arose from the Company's response to the Letter to License Holders, indicating that the bovine small intestine source material was derived from UK cattle, unlike 8 other licensed catgut sutures. In contrast XXXXX Surgical Catgut was stated to hold over 90% share of the market for catgut sutures, and to constitute approximately 83% of all sutures used in U.K.<br /><br />IMPORTS OF SUTURES FROM THE KNOWN BSE COUNTRY;<br /><br />snip... please see full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0